Phylum, Types, Cell, Information about Archaebacteria

1. Kingdom Archaebacteria

2. ARCHAEBACTERIA
• Archaebacteria are the oldest organism living on Earth. They are
unicellular prokaryotes - microbes without cell nucleus and any other
membrane-bound organelles in their cells - and belong to the
kingdom, Archaea. They were first discovered in 1977 by Carl Woose and
George E. Fox and classified as bacteria. Most archaebacteria appear
like bacteria, when observed under the microscope. However, they are
quite different from bacteria and eukaryotes.
• Archaebacteria are found in very harsh conditions such as in the volcanic
vents or at the bottom of the sea. They can easily survive in such
extreme environment as sea vents releasing sulfide-rich gases, hot
springs, or boiling mud around volcanoes.

4. Under the kingdom Archaea, archebacteria
are classified into the following phyla
 Phylum Euryarchaeota: This is the most studied division of
archaea, and mostly includes methanogens and halophiles.
 Phylum Crenarchaeota: It includes
thermophiles, hyperthermophiles and thermoacidophiles. These
archebacteria are mostly found in the marine environment.
 Phylum Korarchaeota: This division consists of
hyperthermophiles found in high temperature hydrothermal
environment.

5.  Phylum Thaumarchaeota: This phylum includes ammonia-
oxidizing archaea, as well as those with unknown energy
metablolism.
 Phylum Nanoarchaeota: This phylum has a single
representative member named Nanoarchaeum equitans.
This unusual archebacterium is an obligate symbiont of
another archaea belonging to the genus Ignicoccus.

7. additional info…
 The word archae came from the Greek word Arkhaion, which
means ancient. Archae is also the Latin name for prokaryotic
cells.

8. Cell of an Archaebacteria

9. Kingdom Archae has THREE DIFFERENT TYPES.
The functions and the structure of their genes
are more similar to eukaryotes than eubacteria
(monera).

10. Thermoacidophiles
Types of Archaebacteria
Thermoacidophiles, or
thermophiles, inhabit hot
environments. A report on
bacteria from the University
of Miami Department of
Biology states that
thermoacidophiles thrive in
extremely acidic, hot and
moist regions, such as those
in and near sulfur hot
springs. If they are in
temperatures below 131
degrees F (55 degrees
C), they die.

11. Halophiles
Another type of
archaebacteria are
halophiles. Just as
thermophiles thrive in
extremely hot
environments, halophiles
thrive in extremely salty
environments. They make
their home in water and
soil, as long as there is a very
high amount of salt.
Types of Archaebacteria

12. Methanogens
Methanogens can be found in
environments that are
anaerobic (no oxygen). Types
of environments methanogens
are found in are swamps and
marshes, or intestinal tracts of
animals and some humans. As
their name suggests,
methanogens produce methane
gas. According to a study
published in the October 2000
issue of The American Journal
of Gastroenterology, their trait
of producing methane makes
them easily detected within
the intestinal tract.
Types of Archaebacteria

13. Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
Kingdom:
Archaebacteria
Phylum: Euryarchaeota
Class: Methanococci
Order: Methanococcales
Family:
Methanocaldococcaceae
Genus: Methanocaldococcus
Species: jannaschii
Examples:
Methanogens

14. Methanopyrus kandleri
Kingdom:
Archaebacteria
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class: Methanopyri
Order: Methanopyrales
Family:Methanopyraceae
Genus: Methanopyrus
Species: kandleri
Examples:
Methanogens

15. Ferroplasma acidophilum
Kingdom:
Archaebacteria
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class: Thermoplasmata
Order: Thermoplasmatales
Family: Ferroplasma
Genus: Ferroplasma
Species: acidophylum
Examples:
Thermoacidophiles

16. Picrophilus oshimae
Kingdom: Archaebacteria
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class: Thermoplasmata
Order: Thermoplasmatales
Family: Picrophilaceae
Genus: Picrophilus
Species: oshimae
Examples:
Thermoacidophiles

17. Thermoplasma volcanium
Kingdom:
Archaebacteria
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class: Thermoplasmata
Order: Thermoplasmatales
Family: Thermoplasmataceae
Genus: Thermoplasma
Species: volcanium
Examples:
Thermoacidophiles

18. Haloferax volcanii
Kingdom:
Archaebacteria
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class:Halobacteria
Order: Halobacteriales
Family: Halobacteriaceae
Genus: Haloferax
Species: volcanii
Halophiles
Examples:
Halophiles

19. Halogeometricum borinquense
Kingdom:
Archaebacteria
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class: Halobacteria
Order: Halobacteriales
Family: Halobacteriaceae
Genus: Halogeometricum
Species: borinquense
Halophiles
Examples:
Halophiles

20. Project in Science
by Group 4, G8-Diamond
Teacher: Mrs. Jenny H. Guevarra