Learn about the European exploration and colonisation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Aztecs and Incans, Atlantic slave trade, Columbian exchange are covered. Not mine. My Professor made this.

2. A Map of the KnownA Map of the Known
World,World,
pre- 1492pre- 1492

3. Motives for EuropeanMotives for European
ExplorationExploration
1. Crusades  by-pass intermediaries
to get to Asia.
2. Renaissance  curiosity about other
lands and peoples.
3. Reformation  refugees &
missionaries.
4. Monarchs seeking new sources of
revenue.
5. Technological advances.
6. Fame and fortune.

4. Essential Question
►What were the
causes of
European
exploration and
colonization in
the 15th
Century?

5. 3 G’s
►Gold
►God
►Glory

6. Gold
►In the 1400s, European countries were
competing with each other for Natural
Resources
– They competed for natural resources such
as gold, silk, and spices
►Spices were especially valuable
►Many of these things could be found in India.
►Traders had to travel great distances over land
to get these natural resources.

8. Gold and Natural Resources
►Transporting goods
across these great
distances was costly.
– Everyone along the way
had to be paid and
wanted to earn a profit
– By the time the spices
and goods reached
Europe, they had to be
sold at extremely high
prices.

9. Gold and Natural Resources
►European Merchants
new that if they would
trade directly with
people in Asia, they
could make enormous
profits.
►In the 1400s,
Europeans began
searching for a sea
route to Asia.

10. God
►Some Europeans
believed it was their duty
to spread the Christian
faith throughout the
world.
– They felt that they could
convert the Native people they
met in their journeys into
Christians.

11. Glory
►As Europeans began exploring the
Coast of Africa, they began settling
Colonies.
– Colonizing new areas added to a
country’s territory (more natural
resources, more wealth)
– Colonizing also opened new
markets
►European countries could sell
things to the people in these
areas and make even more
money

12. Glory
►The more colonies a
country had, the more
wealth it had
►More colonies meant
more prestige or Glory
– Countries began
competing with one
another for colonies
►When one Country
takes over another it is
called Imperialism

13. New Maritime TechnologiesNew Maritime Technologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps
[Portulan]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass

14. New WeaponsNew Weapons
TechnologyTechnology

15. Earlier ExplorationsEarlier Explorations
1. Islam & the Spice Trade 
Malacca
2. A New Player  Europe
Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271
Expansion becomes a state
enterprise  monarchs had the
authority & the resources.
Better seaworthy ships.
3. Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the
Ming “Treasure Fleet”

16. Admiral Zheng HeAdmiral Zheng He
1371-1435
Each ship was 400’
long and 160’ wide!

17. Zheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s Voyages
In 1498, Da Gama reached
Calcutta, China’s favorite port!

18. Prince Henry, thePrince Henry, the
NavigatorNavigator
School for Navigation, 1419

19. Museum of NavigationMuseum of Navigation
in Lisbonin Lisbon

20. Portuguese MaritimePortuguese Maritime
EmpireEmpire
1. Exploring the west coast of
Africa.
2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.
3. Vasco da Gama, 1498.
Calicut.
4. Admiral Alfonso de
Albuquerque (Goa, 1510;
Malacca, 1511).

21. Christofo ColonChristofo Colon [1451-[1451-
1506]1506]

22. Columbus’ Four VoyagesColumbus’ Four Voyages

23. Other Voyages ofOther Voyages of
ExplorationExploration

24. Ferdinand Magellan & theFerdinand Magellan & the
First Circumnavigation ofFirst Circumnavigation of
the World:the World:
Early 16Early 16cc

25. Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations
Looking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”

26. Fernando CortezFernando Cortez
The First SpanishThe First Spanish
Conquests:Conquests:
The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma IIMontezuma II
vs.vs.

27. The Death of MontezumaThe Death of Montezuma
IIII

28. Mexico Surrenders toMexico Surrenders to
CortezCortez

29. FranciscoFrancisco
PizarroPizarro
The First SpanishThe First Spanish
Conquests:Conquests:
TheThe
IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpa
vs.vs.

30. Slaves Working in aSlaves Working in a
Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill

32. The “Columbian Exchange”The “Columbian Exchange”
 Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes
 Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine
 Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO
 Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE
 Syphilis
 Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice
 Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley
 Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats
 Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE
 Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox
 Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria
 Diptheria  Whooping Cough
 Trinkets
 Liquor
 GUNS

33. Cycle of Conquest &Cycle of Conquest &
ColonizationColonization
Explorers
Conquistadores
M
issionaries
PermanentSettlers
Official
European
Colony!

34. TreasuresTreasures
from the Americas!from the Americas!

35. Trans-Atlantic SlaveTrans-Atlantic Slave
TradeTrade

36. The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade
1. Existed in Africa before the coming
of the Europeans.
2. Portuguese replaced European slaves
with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves
brought by the Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exported
to other countries.
3. Between 16c
& 19c
, about 10 million
Africans shipped to the Americas.

37. Slave ShipSlave Ship
““Middle Passage”Middle Passage”

38. ““Coffin” Position BelowCoffin” Position Below
DeckDeck

39. African CaptivesAfrican Captives
Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard
Sharks followed the slave ships!Sharks followed the slave ships!

40. European Empires in theEuropean Empires in the
AmericasAmericas

41. The Colonial Class SystemThe Colonial Class System
PeninsularesPeninsulares
CreolesCreoles
MestizosMestizos MulattosMulattos
Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves

42. Administration of theAdministration of the
Spanish Empire in the NewSpanish Empire in the New
WorldWorld
1. Encomienda
or forced
labor.
2. Council of
the Indies.
Viceroy.
New Spain and Peru.
3. Papal agreement.

43. The Influence of theThe Influence of the
Colonial Catholic ChurchColonial Catholic Church
GuadalajaraGuadalajara
CathedralCathedral
Our Lady ofOur Lady of
GuadalupeGuadalupe
Spanish MissionSpanish Mission

44. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
&&
The Pope’s Line of DemarcationThe Pope’s Line of Demarcation

45. Father Bartolome de LasFather Bartolome de Las
CasasCasas
New LawsNew Laws  15421542

46. New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals
1. Portugal lacked the numbers
and wealth to dominate trade in
the Indian Ocean.
2. Spain in Asia  consolidated
its holdings in the Philippines.
3. First English expedition to the
Indies in 1591.
Surat in NW India in 1608.
4. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

47. New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals

48. Impact of EuropeanImpact of European
ExpansionExpansion1. Native populations ravaged by
disease.
2. Influx of gold, and especially
silver, into Europe created an
inflationary economic climate.
[“Price Revolution”]
3. New products introduced across
the continents [“Columbian
Exchange”].
4. Deepened colonial rivalries.

49. 5. New Patterns of World5. New Patterns of World
TradeTrade