1. RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD DAYS
A. Birth
B. Family and Ancestry
C. Hometown
D. Story of the Moth
E. Boyhood Influences
F. Education in Calamba and Biñan
2. Birth
• June 19, 1861
• Calamba, Laguna Province
“I was born in Calamba on June 19, 1861,
between 11 and midnight, a few days before full
moon. It was Wednesday and my coming out in
this vale of tears would have cost my mother her
life had she not vowed to the virgin of Antipolo to
take me to her sanctuary by way of pilgrimage.”
3. Birth
• Baptism of Rizal: June 22, 1861
• Baptized by Fr. Rufino Collantes
• Fr. Pedro Casañas (godfather)
• Jose from Christian Saint Joseph
Fr. Collantes: “Take good care of this child,
for someday he will become a great man”
4. Rizal’s Parents
Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898)
- “a model of fathers” – Jose Rizal
- Born in Binan, Laguna (11 May
1818)
- Latin and Philosophy (Colegio de
San Juan, Manila)
-Tenant-farmer of a Dominican
owned hacienda in Calamba
- hardy, independent minded, strong
in body, valiant in spirit.
- Died in Manila (5 January 1898)
5. Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)
Rizal’s Parents
- “a woman of more than ordinary
culture…” – Jose Rizal
- Born in Manila (8 November 1826)
- Educated at Colegio de Santa Rosa
- Has refined culture, literary talent,
business ability and fortitude.
- Died in Manila (16 August 1911)
10. Rizal Children
Josefa Rizal (Panggoy)
1865-1945
Trinidad Rizal (Trining)
1868-1951 Soledad Rizal-Quintero
(Choleng)
1870-1929
11. Calamba (El Pueblo)
- A hacienda town belonging to the Dominican
order, a picturesque nestling on a verdant
plain covered with irrigated ricefields and
sugarlands.
- South: Mt. Makiling to Batangas; East: Laguna
de Bay to Talim Island; North: Antipolo.
- 1876 (15 y/o), Rizal wrote Un Recuerdo A Mi
Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)
12. The Story of the Moth
- A story told by Jose’s mother.
- The old and young moths who are by the light.
- “All my attention was fixed on the face of the insect. I
watched it with my whole soul… It had died a martyr
to its illusions.”
- “See that you do not behave lie the young moth.
Don’t be disobedient, or you may get burnt as it did.”
- “The light seemed to me more beautiful. It had
grown more dazzling and more attractive. I knew
why the moths circled the flame.”
13. Boyhood Influences
HEREDITARY INFLUENCE
- Malayan : love for freedom, desire to travel,
indomitable courage.
- Chinese: serious nature, frugality, patience, love
for children.
- Spanish: elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult,
gallantry to ladies.
- Father: profound sense of self-respect, love for
work, independent thinking
- Mother: religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice,
passion for arts and literature
14. Boyhood Influences
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE
- Calamba, Rizal Family Garden – stimulated
inborn artistic and literary talents.
- Religious atmosphere of his home – fortified
his religious nature.
- Paciano – love for freedom and justice
- Sisters – courtesy and kindness to women
- Aya (Yaya) – interest in folklore and legends.
15. Boyhood Influences
- Tio Jose Alberto – artistic ability.
- Tio Manuel – physical wellness through
exercises, horse riding, walking and wrestling.
- Tio Gregorio – reading of good books.
- Padre Leoncio Lopez (parish priest) – love for
scholarshp and intellectual honesty.
- Sorrows: death of Concha (1965),
imprisonment of his mother (1871-74) –
strengthened his spirit to resist the blows of
adversities
16. Boyhood Influences
- Spanish abuses and cruelties – awakened his
spirit of patriotism.
- Brutal acts of the Guardia Civil
- Unjust torture of innocent Filipinos
- Execution of GomBurZa (1872)
17. Boyhood Influences
3. AID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE
- God endowed Rizal with the versatile gifts of a
genius, the vibrant spirit of a nationalist, the
valiant heart to sacrifice for a noble cause.
18. Education in Calamba
- Doña Teodora – Rizal’s first teacher (reading,
writing and praying)
- Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua –
private tutors
- Leon Monroy – taught Rizal Spanish and Latin
19. Education in Binan
- June 1869 – Jose left Calamba for Binan.
- Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
- Pedro the Bully
- Learned Spanish, Latin and painting (through
Juancho)
- 17 December 1870 – Jose left Binan, taking
the steamer Talim.
21. Rizal the Atenista
- Almost refused for admission.
- Late registration
- Sickly and undersized body
- Manuel Xerex Burgos (nephew of Padre
Burgos) helped in his admission.
- Adopted the surname RIZAL.
- Jesuit system of education: Internos
(Romans), Externos (Carthaginians)
- Emperor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion,
Standard Bearer
22. Rizal the Atenista (1872-1877)
- Fr. Jose Bech – Jose’s first professor
- Became Emperor of the Carthaginians
- Spanish classes in Colegio de Sta. Isabel
- Read: The Count of Monte Cristo
(Alexandre Dumas), Universal History
(Cesar Cantu), Travels in the
Philippines (Dr. Feodor Jagor
- 1875: Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez –
A professor Jose admired.
23. Rizal the Atenista
- Became active in extracurricular
activities, painting, sculpture, and
poetry.
- Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling and
image of the Sacred Heart.
- Among poems are:
- Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration)
- Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of my
Town)
- Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena
Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between Religion
and Good Education)
24. Rizal the Atenista
- Other Poems:
- Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria
(Through Education the Country Receives
Light)
- Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los
Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the
Students)
- Al Nino Jesus (To the Child Jesus)
- A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary)
- Segunda Katigbak (first Romance)
- 23 March 1877 – Jose received
Bachelor of Arts with highest honors.
25. Rizal as a Tomasino (1877-1882)
- Pre-Law and Theology Courses (1877-
1878)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
(1878-1882)
- Literary Laurels: A La Juventud
Filipina (To the Filipino Youth), El
Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of
the Gods)
26. Rizal as a Tomasino (1877-1882)
- Romances: Miss L, Leonor Valenzuela
(Orang), Leonor Rivera (Taimis)
- Reacted against Spanish brutality.
- Became champion of Filipino students
- Companerismo (Comradeshjip)
- Left UST after four years of studying
medicine and decided to continue his
education in Spain.
28. Spain (1882-1885)
- 3 May 1882 – aboard the steamer
Salvadora, Jose left Manila for
Singapore
- SINGAPORE
- COLOMBO (Djemnah – steamer)
- CEYLON (SRI LANKA)
- SUEZ CANAL – ADEN
- NAPLES AND MARSEILLES
- 16 June 1882 – arrived in Barcelona,
Spain
29. Spain (1882-1885)
- In Barcelona, Jose wrote Amor Patrio
(Love of Country) published in Diariong
Tagalog (Manila) on 20 August 1882.
- LAONG LAAN
- 3 November 1882 – Jose moved to
Madrid to study at Universidad Central
de Madrid
- Medicine
- Philosophy and Letters
30. Spain (1882-1885)
- Romance: Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
- Circulo Hispano-Filipino : Me Piden
Versos (They Ask Me for Verses)
- Visited Paris (17 June to 20 August
1883)
- Correspondence with Spanish liberals
and republicans : Miguel Morayta,
Francisco Pi y Margal, Migue Becerra,
Emilio Junoy, Juan Ruiz Zorilla
31. Spain (1882-1885)
- March 1883 – Jose joined the Masonry
- Acacia Lodge
- Lodge Solidaridad
- Master Mason (15 November 1890)
- MH del Pilar, G Lopez Jaena, Mariano
Ponce
- 25 June 1884 – Rizal’s Salute to
Luna (Spoliarium) and Hidalgo
(Christian Virgins Exposed to Populace)
32. Spain (1882-1885)
- 21 June 1884 – conferred the degree
of Licentiate in Medicine (Universidad
Central de Madrid)
- 1884-1885 – studied and passed all
the subjects for Doctor of Medicine,
but was not able to submit a thesis
and paid corresponding fees.
33. Paris (1885-86)
- Rizal @ age 24.
- Stopover: BARCELONA
- Maximo Viola
- Senor Eusebio Coromias (editor, La
Publicidad)
- Don Miguel Morayta (owner, La
Publicidad)
34. Paris (1885-86)
- November 1885 – February 1886:
training in opthalmology
- DR. LOUIS WECKERT
- Friends: Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad,
Felix, Paz), Juan Luna, Felix
Resurrection Hidalgo.
- Luna: “Death of Cleopatra”
35. Heidelberg (1886)
- 1 February 1886 (Strasbourg, other
German towns)
- 3 February 1886 – arrival at Heidelberg
- UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
- DR. OTTO BECKER – University Eye
Hospital
- PROF. WILHELM KUEHNE
36. Heidelberg (1886)
- 22 April 1886: A LAS FLORES DE
HEIDELBERG
- WILHELMSFELD (3 month vacation)
- Pastor Ulmer, Fritz, Etta
- PROF. FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
- 31 July 1886 (First Letter)
- Rufino Hernandez Baltazar. ARITMETICA (a book
in Spanish and Tagalog). Manila: University of
Santo Tomas Press, 1868.
37. Heidelberg (1886)
- 6 August 1886 - 5th Centenary of the
UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
- LEIPZIG and DRESDEN
- Prof. Friedrich Ratzel (historican)
- Dr. Hans. Meyer (German anthropologist)
- Dr. Adolph Meyer (Director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum)
38. Berlin
Purposes:
1. To gain further knowledge of
opthalmology.
2. To further his studies of sciences and
languages
3. To observe the economic and political
conditions of Germany
4. Associate with famous German scientists
and scholars
5. Publish NOLI ME TANGERE
39. Berlin
- Dr. Feodor Jagor – TRAVELS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
- Membership in scholarly groups:
- Anthropological Society, Ethnological
Society, Geographical Society
- Dr. Rudolf Virchow – German
anthropologist
- Dr. Hans Virchow – Descriptive Anatomy
40. - DR. SCHWEIGGER –German
opthalmologist, with whom Rizal served
as an assistant
- Madame Lucie Cerdole – Rizal’s teacher
in Francaise
- To Trinidad (11 March 1886): “Now
that you are still young you should
strive to read, read and learn...”
- Winter, 1886 – Rizal’s health
deteriorated.
Berlin
41. Grand Tour of Europe (1887)
- DR. MAXIMO VIOLA
- 11 May 1887
- DRESDEN – “one of the best cities in
Germany”
- Dr. Adolph B. Meyer
- Dr. Jagor
- TESCHEN (Decin, Czechoslovakia)
42. Grand Tour of Europe (1887)
- LEITMERITZ – 13-16 May 1887
- Met Prof. Blumentritt and his family
- PRAGUE – Dr. Willkomm
- “nothing of importance happened in
this city”
- VIENNA – “Queen of Danube”
- Hotel Metropole
- LINTZ – Salzburg – MUNICH – ULM –
STUTTGART – BADEN - RHEINFALL
43. Grand Tour of Europe (1887)
- Schaffhausen, SWITZERLAND
- BASEL – BERN - LAUSSANE
- GENEVA –
- 19 July 1887
- 23 July 1887 – Rizal and Viola
parted ways
- 1887 Madrid Exhibition : Igorots in
G-strings mocked by the people.
44. Grand Tour of Europe (1887)
- ITALY
- TURIN – MILAN – VENICE –
FLORENCE
- ROME (27 June 1887)
- “Eternal City”
- “City of the Caesars”
- After a week, he prepared to
return to the Philippines.
45. First Homecoming (1887-1888)
- Reasons:
- Her mother’s surgery
- Serve his peiple
- Find out for himself the effects of
Noli and his other works
- To find out what happened to
Leonor.
46. First Homecoming (1887-1888)
- 5 August 1887, arrived in Manila.
- DOCTOR ULIMAN in Calamba
- Appearance to Governor General
Terrero
- Padre Pedro Payo, Padre Gregorio
Echavarria (UST Rector)
- Noli as “heretical, impious and
scandalous in the religious order…”
47. First Homecoming (1887-1888)
- Other attackers: Padre Salvador Font
(Augustinian cura of Tondo), Padre
Jose Rodriguez (Prior of Guadalupe)
- Cuestiones de Sumo Interes
(Questions of Supreme Interest)
- blasted Noli and other anti-Spanish
writings
48. First Homecoming (1887-1888)
- Vicente Barrantes – criticized Noli in
Spain (January 1890, La Espana
Moderna)
- Defenders of Noli: MH del Pilar, Dr.
Antonio Ma. Regidor, G Lopez Jaena,
Mariano Ponce, Fr. Sanchez, Don
Segismundo Moret, Dr. Miguel
Morayta, Prof. Blumentritt.
- Rev. Vicente Garcia (Justo Desiderio
Magalang) – wrote a Defense of Noli.
49. First Homecoming (1887-1888)
- Friendship with Lt. Jose Taviel de
Andrade.
- The death of his sister Olimpia.
- Reacted to agrarian problems in
Calamba
- Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) for
the people of Lipa (1888)
- February 1888, Jose was forced to
leave the country .
50. Hong Kong and Macao (1888)
- 3 February 1888 – Zafiro
- HONG KONG (Victoria Hotel)
- Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio,
Manuel Yriate
- Jose Sainz de Varanda – spy
- “Hong Kong is a small but very clean
city” (16 February 1888 to F.
Blumentritt)
51. Hong Kong and Macao (1888)
- 18-20 February 1888 – Kiu Kang
- with Basa
- MACAO
- “The city is small, low and gloomy.
There are many junks, sampans, but
few steamers. It looks sad and is
almost dead.”
- 22 February 1888 – Oceanic (Hong
Kong to JAPAN)
52. Japan (1888)
- 28 February – 13 April 1888
- Land of the Cherry Blossoms
- Yokohama – TOKYO (2-7 March 1888)
- Juan Perez Caballero
- O-SEI-SAN – SEIKO USUI (Seiko-san)
- Imperial Art Gallery, Imperial Library,
universities, Shokubutsu-en, city
parks, shrines
53. Japan (1888)
- TETCHO SUEHIRO – fighting
Japanese journalist, novelist and
champion of human rights
- 13 April – 1 December 1888
- US – New York - London
54. United States of America (1888)
- 28 April 1888
- SAN FRANCISCO (4-6 May 1888)
- Belgic
- Quarantine, racial discrimination
against Chinese
- Leland Stanford
- Pres. Grover Cleveland
55. United States of America (1888)
- OAKLAND
- NEVADA “Biggest Little City in the
World”
- NEW YORK (13 May 1888)
- “the Big Town”
- George Washington: “He is a great
man, who I think, has no equal in
this country.”
56. United States of America (1888)
- GOOD IMPRESSIONS:
1. Material progress of the country
2. Drive and energy of the American
people
3. Natural beauty of the land.
4. High standard of living
5. Opportunities for a better life
offered to immigrants
57. United States of America (1888)
BAD IMPRESSION: THE LACK OF
RACIAL EQUALITY
“America, is the land par excellence of
freedom, but only for the whites.”
58. London (1888-1889)
- May 1888 to March 1889
- Purpose:
1. Improve knowledge of English
language.
2. Study and annotate Morga’s
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
3. Safety of London from Spanish
tyranny
59. London (1888-1889)
- 24 May 1888 – Liverpool, England
- 25 May 1888 – London
- Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
- Beckett Family
- Gertrude (Gettie/Totie)
- Dr. Reinhold Rost – librarian of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, authority
on Malayan languages and customs.
60. London (1888-1889)
- September 1888 – PARIS.
- 11 December 1888 – MADRID and
BARCELONA
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Mariano Ponce
- Christmas in London (1888)
61. London (1888-1889)
- Leadership among Filipinos in Europe:
- Asociacion la Solidaridad
- (31 December 1888)
- Honorary President
- Galicano Apacible, Graciano Lopez
Jaena, Manuel Santa Maria,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Maria
Panganiban (other officers)
62. London (1888-1889)
- LA SOLIDARIDAD (Barcelona, 15
February 1889)
- Aims:
1. To work peacefully for political and social
reforms.
2. Portray the deplorable conditions in the
Philippines for Spain’s remedy.
3. Oppose evil forces of reaction and medievalism.
4. Advocate liberal ideas and progress.
5. To champion the legitimate aspirations of
Filipinos to life, democracy and happiness.
63. London (1888-1889)
- “Los Agricultores Filipinos” (The
Filipino Farmer)
- 1st article of Rizal in La Solidaridad
- published 25 March 1889
- DIMAS ALANG (nom de plume)
- “La Vision del Fray Rodriguez”
64. London (1888-1889)
- “Letter to the Young Women of
Malolos”
- 22 February 1889
- TRUBNER’S RECORD
- “Specimens of Tagalog Folklore”
(May 1889)
- “Two Eastern Fables” (June 1889)
65. London (1888-1889)
- Historical studies:
- Annotation of SUCESOS DE LAS
ISLAS FILIPINAS (Historical Events
of the Philippine Islands) by Morga
- Read old histories of the Philippines
66. Paris (1889)
- Universal Exposition (May 6, 1889)
- Publication of his Annotation of
Sucesos
- Organizations:
- KIDLAT CLUB
- INDIOS BRAVOS
- RDLM SOCIETY (Redencion de los
Malayos)
67. Paris (1889)
- Further historical studies:
- FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN ANOS
(The Philippines Within a Century,
1889-1890)
- SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS (The Indolence of the
Filipinos, July-September 1890)
- LA POLITICA COLONIAN ON
FILIPINAS (Colonial Policy in the
Philippines)
68. Paris (1889-1890)
- POR TELEFONO – a satire in reply to
Padre Salvador Font
- 28 January 1890 – Rizal left Paris
for Brussels
69. Belgium (1890)
- Continued to write EL FILI, Published for
La Solidaridad
- SOBRE LA NUEVA ORTOGRAFIA DE LA
LENGUA TAGALA (The New Ortography
of the Tagalog Language, April 1890)
- Presentiments of Death
- Opposition to Jaena’s plan to go to
Cuba.
- His wanting to go home, yet decided
to go to Madrid instead.
70. Madrid (1890-1891)
- August 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid
- Some misfortunes:
- Failure to get justice for family
- Death of Jose Ma. Panganiban
(August 19, 1890)
- Duel with Antonio Luna
- Rivalry with MH del Pilar
- The marriage of Leonor to an
Englishman
71. Biarritz (1891)
- February 1891
- BOUSTEAD FAMILY
- Nellie – with whom Rizal had a
serious romance
- 29 March 1891 – Rizal finished the
manuscript of El Fili.
- Returned to Brussels: retired from the
Propaganda and stopped writing for La
Solidaridad.
72. Ghent (1891)
- 5 July 1891 – Rizal left Brussels for Ghent
- F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS (No. 66
Viaanderen Street)
- VALENTIN VENTURA – Saviour of El Fili
- 18 September 1891 – El Fili came off the
press
- MAKAMISA, DAPITAN (some unfinished
novels)
- 18 October 1891 – Rizal boarded Melbourne
(steamer) bound for Hong Kong.
73. Hong Kong (1891-1892)
- 20 November 1891 – Rizal arrived in
Hong Kong.
- 1 December 1891
- Wrote his parents seeking his
permission to go home.
- Learned about the deportation of
25 persons from Calamba, including
his family members.
- Christmas reunion in Hong Kong
74. Hong Kong (1891-1892)
- Rizal practised medicine.
- Had a clinic
- Successfully operated his mother’s left
eye.
- Borneo Colonization Project (New Calamba)
- 7 March 1892 – went to Sandakan to
negotiate with the British authorities for
the establishment of a Filipino colony.
- Rejected by Gov. Gen. Despujol
75. Hong Kong (1891-1892)
Works in Hong Kong:
- ANG KARAPATAN NANG TAO
(translation of French “Rights of Man”,
1789), 1891
- A LA NACION ESPANOLA (To the
Spanish Nation)
- SA MGA KABABAYAN (To My
Countrymen), December 1891
- Constitution of LA LIGA FILIPINA (1892)
76. Hong Kong (1891-1892)
- Decided to return to Manila
1. To talk to Gov. Despujol regarding
the Borneo colonization project
2. Establish La Liga Filipina
3. Prove that Eduardo de Lete was
wrong in attacking him in Madrid
that Rizal abandoned the country’s
cause
77. Second Homecoming
- 21 June 1892 – a secret case was
filed in Manila against Rizal for “anti-
religious and anti-patriotic agitation”
- 26 June 1892 – Rizal and Lucia
arrived in Manila.
- 3 July 1892 – Founding of the LA
LIGA FILIPINA
78. Second Homecoming
LA LIGA FILIPINA
- A civic league of Filipinos that desires to establish
a role in the socio-economic life of the people.
- Aims:
1. Unity of the whole archipelago.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture and
commerce.
5. Study of application of reforms.
79. Second Homecoming
- 6 July 1892 – Rizal’s arrest.
- Despujol’s decree of Rizal’s arbitrary
deportation to the South.
- 15 July 1892 – Rizal was brought,
under heavy guard, to Dapitan,
where he will be exiled for four
years.
80. Exile in Dapitan(1892-1896)
- 17 July 1892 to 31 July 1896
- Fr. Pablo Pastells (Superior of the Jesuits in the
Philippines)
- Fr. Antonio Obach (parish priest of Dapitan)
- Talisay
- RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION
81. Exile in Dapitan(1892-1896)
- FLORENCIO NAMANAN
- a.k.a. “PABLO MERCADO” – a friar’s spy
- JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
- an Irish woman who became Rizal’s wife
- daughter of JAMES BRACKEN
-Adopted by GEORGE TAUFER
- FRANCISCO
- Rizal’s child with Josephine (1896)
-PIO VALENZUELA
-Katipunan’s emissary to Dapitan (21 June 1896)
82. Exile in Dapitan(1892-1896)
- Projects:
- clinic
- water system
- school for boys
- collecting specimens: Apogonia rizali
(beetle), draco rizali (flying dragon),
rhacophorus rizali (rare frog)
- linguistic studies
- farming
83. Exile in Dapitan(1892-1896)
- artistic works (sculpture)
- business (fishing, copra, hemp)
- invention (sulpukan – cigarette lighter)
- poems:
-Mi Retiro (My Retreat)
-Josephine, Josephine
-El Canto del Viajero (The Song of the
Traveler)
84. Trial and Execution
- 6 August 1896 – Rizal missed the ship Isla de
Luzon for Spain
- 30 August 1896 – Gov. Gen. Blanco dismissed
Rizal from all blame for the raging revolution.
- 3 September 1896 – Rizal left Manila for
Barcelona
-SINGAPORE (7 September)
-PORT SAID, Mediterranean (28 September)
-BARCELONA (30 September), with Rizal as
a prisoner on board.
85. Trial and Execution
- 3 November 1896 – the ship Colon reached
Manila
- 20 November 1896 – preliminary investigation
- CAPT. RAFAEL DOMINGUEZ (special Judge
Advocate)
- DON LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE – Rizal’s
chosen counsel
- 26 December 1896 – Rizal’s trial
- 28 December 1896 – reading of verdict, Gov.
Gen Camilo Polavieja signs Rizal’s execution.
86. Rizal’s Execution
- 29 December 1896
- CAPT. RAFAEL DOMINGUEZ
- FR. MIGUEL SADERRA MATA, FR. LUIS VIZA
(Jesuits)
- FR. ANTONIO ROSELL, LT. LUIS TAVIEL DE
ANDRADE
- FR. FEDERICO FAURA
- FRS. JOSE VILACLARA, VICENTE BALAGUER
- wrote the farewell poem and a letter to
Blumentritt.
87. Rizal’s Execution
- 29 December 1896
- FR. BALAGUER – discussed with Rizal about
retraction
- RIZAL’S mother and TRINIDAD
-“There is something inside.”
-DON SILVINO LOPEZ TUNON
-DON GASPAR CESTANO
88. Rizal’s Execution
- 30 December 1896
- 7:03, death of Jose Rizal,
- 35 years, 5 months, 11 days.
- MI ULTIMO ADIOS:
I die just when I see the dawnbreak,
Through the gloom of night, to the herald day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour’d out at need for thy dear sake,
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
