3. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
HA1 - Technical File – James Fox
4. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
HA1 - Technical File – Raster Images
In computer graphics, a raster graphics image, or bitmap,
is a data structure representing a generally rectangular grid
of pixels, or points of colour, viewable via a monitor, paper,
or other display medium. Raster images are stored in
image files with varying formats (see Comparison of
graphics file formats).
A bitmap corresponds bit-for-bit with an image displayed
on a screen, generally in the same format used for storage
in the display's video memory, or maybe as a device-
independent bitmap. A bitmap is technically characterized
by the width and height of the image in pixels and by the
number of bits per pixel (a colour depth, which determines
the number of colours it can represent).
5. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
HA1 - Technical File – Vector Images Vector graphics is the use of geometrical
primitives such as points, lines, curves, and
shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on
mathematical equations, to represent images
in computer graphics.
Vector graphics formats are complementary
to raster graphics, which is the
representation of images as an array of pixels,
as is typically used for the representation of
photographic images. Vector graphics are
stored as mathematical expressions as
opposed to bit mapped graphics which are
stored as a series of mapped 'dots', also
known as pixels (Picture cells).
There are instances when working with
vector tools and formats is the best practice,
and instances when working with raster tools
and formats is the best practice. There are
times when both formats come together. An
understanding of the advantages and
limitations of each technology and the
relationship between them is most likely to
result in efficient and effective use of tools.
6. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
In digital signal processing, spatial anti-aliasing is
the technique of minimizing the distortion artefacts
known as aliasing when representing a high-
resolution image at a lower resolution. Anti-aliasing
is used in digital photography, computer graphics,
digital audio, and many other applications.
Anti-aliasing means removing signal components
that have a higher frequency than is able to be
properly resolved by the recording (or sampling)
device. This removal is done before (re)sampling at
a lower resolution. When sampling is performed
without removing this part of the signal, it causes
undesirable artefacts such as the black-and-white
noise near the top of figure 1-a below.
In signal acquisition and audio, anti-aliasing is often
done using an analogy anti-aliasing filter to remove
the out-of-band component of the input signal prior
to sampling with an analogy-to-digital converter. In
digital photography, optical anti-aliasing filters are
made of birefringent materials, and smooth the
signal in the spatial optical domain. The anti-
aliasing filter essentially blurs the image slightly in
order to reduce resolution to below the limit of the
digital sensor (the larger the pixel pitch, the lower
the achievable resolution at the sensor level).
7. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
In digital audio, bit depth describes the
number of bits of information recorded
for each sample. Bit depth directly
corresponds to the resolution of each
sample in a set of digital audio data.
Common examples of bit depth include
CD quality audio, which is recorded at 16
bits, and DVD-Audio, which can support
up to 24-bit audio.
A set of digital audio samples contains
data that, when converted into an analogy
signal, provides the necessary
information to reproduce the sound
wave. In pulse-code modulation (PCM)
sampling, the bit depth will limit signal-to-
noise ratio (S/N). The bit depth will not
limit frequency range, which is limited by
the sample rate.
8. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
The aspect ratio of a shape is the ratio of
its longer dimension to its shorter
dimension. It may be applied to two
characteristic dimensions of a three-
dimensional shape, such as the ratio of the
longest and shortest axis, or for
symmetrical objects that are described by
just two measurements, such as the length
and diameter of a rod. The aspect ratio of a
torus is the ratio of the major axis R to the
minor axis r.
9. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
A file format is a particular way that information is
encoded for storage in a computer file. Portable
Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to represent
documents in a manner independent of application
software, hardware, and operating systems Each PDF file
encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat
document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other
information needed to display it. In computing, JPEG is a
commonly used method of lousy compression for digital
photography (image). The degree of compression can be
adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoffs between storage
size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1
compression with little perceptible loss in image quality.
The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF The format
supports up to 8 bits per pixel thus allowing a single image
to reference a palette of up to 256 distinct colours. The
colours are chosen from the 24-bit RGB colour space. It
also supports animations and allows a separate palette of
256 colours for each frame. TIFF (originally standing for
Tagged Image File Format) is a file format for storing
images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing
industry, and both amateur and professional
photographers in general. PSD (Photoshop document),
the default file extension of the proprietary file format of
Adobe System's Photoshop program.
A portable or personal storage device, small hard disks
designed to copy digital photographs from a camera.
10. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
A color model is an abstract mathematical model
describing the way colours can be represented as tuples of
numbers, typically as three or four values or color
components. When this model is associated with a precise
description of how the components are to be interpreted
(viewing conditions, etc.), the resulting set of colors is
called color space. This section describes ways in which
human color vision can be modeled. There are various
types of color systems that classify color and analyse their
effects. The American Munsell color system devised by
Albert H. Munsell is a famous classification that organises
various colors into a color solid based on hue, saturation
and value. Other important color systems include the
Swedish Natural Color System (NCS) from the
Scandinavian Color Institute, the Optical Society of
America's Uniform Color Space (OSA-UCS), and the
Hungarian Coloroid system developed by Antal Nemcsics
from the Budapest University of Technology and
Economics. Of those, the NCS is based on the opponent-
process color model, while the Munsell, the OSA-UCS and
the Coloroid attempt to model color uniformity. The
American Pantone and the German RAL commercial
color-matching systems differ from the previous ones in
that their color spaces are not based on an underlying
color model.
11. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program
developed and published by Adobe Systems
Incorporated.
Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to
Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe
Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS5 is
the 12th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The
CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering
numerous software packages containing multiple
Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe
Photoshop is released in two editions: Adobe
Photoshop, and Adobe Photoshop Extended,
with the Extended having extra 3D image
creation, motion graphics editing, and advanced
image analysis features. Adobe Photoshop
Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative
Suite offerings except Design Standard, which
includes the Adobe Photoshop edition.
12. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor
developed and marketed by Adobe Systems.
Illustrator is similar in scope, intended market,
and functionality to its competitors, CorelDraw
and Macromedia FreeHand. Starting with version
1.0, Adobe chose to license an image of Sadra
Botticelli's "The Birth of Venus" from the
Bettmann Archive and use the portion containing
Venus' face as Illustrator's branding image.
Warnock desired a Renaissance image to evoke
his vision of Postscript as a new Renaissance in
publishing, and Adobe employee Luanne
Seymour Cohen, who was responsible for the
early marketing material, found Venus' flowing
tresses a perfect vehicle for demonstrating
Illustrator's strength in tracing smooth curves
over bitmap source images. Over the years the
rendition of this image on Illustrator's splash
screen and packaging became more stylized to
reflect features added in each version.
13. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
Adobe In Design is a software application
produced by Adobe Systems. It can be used to
create works such as posters, flyers, brochures,
magazines, newspapers and books. In
conjunction with Adobe Digital Publishing Suite
In designing can publish content suitable for
tablet devices. Graphic designers and
production artists are the principal users,
creating and laying out periodical publications,
posters, and print media. It also supports export
to EPUB and SWF formats to create digital
publications, and content suitable for
consumption on tablet computer devices. The
Adobe In Copy word processor uses the same
formatting engine as In Design.
