Livestock Service Reform in Andhra Pradesh, India
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http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/home/en/ This website represents a major source of information on livestock sector policies and institutions in developing countries, and contains the outputs produced by the 2001-2010 FAO Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI). Indeed, the importance of policies and institutions in sustaining inclusive and pro-poor growth of the livestock sector cannot be overstated, but for long the value of policies and institutions – and of livestock sector policies and institutions in particular – have been marginally appreciated, which resulted in less-than effective public and private sector investments. © FAO: http://www.fao.org
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Livestock Service Reform in Andhra Pradesh, India
- 1. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Livestock Service Reform in Andhra Pradesh, India V. Ahuja and J. Otte Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI) FAO Capacity Building Programme on Policies and Strategies for Agricultural and Rural Development Module 4: Policy and Strategy Formulation Rome, Italy, 21 May - 15 June 2007
- 2. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Outline • The Context • The Objective • Policy Process (participation & analysis) • Policy Outcomes • Lessons Learnt
- 3. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative The Context • Population ≈ 76 million • Per capita income ≈ 600 US$/year • Agriculture ≈ 31% of GDP • Livestock ≈ 18% of agri-GDP • Poverty incidence • Rural (≈ 11%) • Urban (≈ 27%) Andhra Pradesh
- 4. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative The Context • Economy grows fast • Livestock grows very fast • The poor livestock keepers unable to benefit from expanded markets due to poor service support Andhra Pradesh: trends in GDP, agri- and livestock value added 0 50 100 150 200 250 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1999=100 Livestock Agriculture GDP Policy reform of livestock services Source: Government of AP
- 5. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative The pros • Favorable state for development practitioners • Vibrant civil society • Committed government The cons • Elites traditionally dominate the power structure • Livestock producers are not an organized political lobby The Context
- 6. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative The Objective To identify, through a consultative process, the gaps and deficiencies in animal health and breeding service delivery system in Andhra Pradesh and to create a conducive environment for facilitating policy and structural changes to address those gaps and deficiencies.
- 7. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Policy process: overview Research and Analysis Stakeholder Engagement Communication and Information Negotiation & Conflict Resolution Issues & priorities Research needs Trans- parency Decision support Some guiding principles - Bottom up participatory process to strengthen the role of ‘non-state’ parties - Partnering for learning and experience sharing - Nurturing the coalitions for change The Policy Process: Overview
- 8. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative • Department of Animal Husbandry, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh • Indo-Swiss Natural Resources Management Program (NRMPA) • Capitalisation of Livestock Experiences – India (CALPI) • State Management Institute for Livestock Development (SMILDA) • FAO’s Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI) • Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) The Policy Process: Partners
- 9. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Expert committee to propose policy reform Task Force to organize stakeholder consultations and meetings Process guided by a steering committee chaired by the Department of Animal Husbandry National consultants to carry out field studies Task Force to derive policy recommendations Government to approve policy reform Participatory implementation of policy reform Multi-tier, Multi-stakeholder consultative process involving The Policy Process: Stakeholders & Roles • ‘Policy partners’ • Farmers • Farmer organizations • Government departments • Tribal communities • Breeder cooperatives • Shepherds • And others
- 10. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative • Steering committee meetings • Task force meetings • District meetings • Consultations with: - tribal households - shepherds - traditional healers • Consultations with - government veterinarians - government field officers • Task force meetings • Expert group meetings • State level workshop 2003 Capacitybuildingprogrammes 2007 The Policy Process: Time Line
- 11. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Several task force, steering committee and minor veterinary expert group meetings held in Hyderabad. Third training and capacity building for AP government officers from the Animal Husbandry Department AhmedabadNovember 2005 Focus group discussions with professional veterinarians Mahbubnagar, Chittoor, Prakasam, East Godavari, Adilabad and Hyderabad October and November 2005 Second training and capacity building for AP government officers from the Animal Husbandry Dep. AhmedabadOctober 2005 State level workshop to bring together the results of all the studies and consultations HyderabadSeptember 2005 Consultations with selected NGOs, training institutes, animal health workers and para veterinary staff Multiple locationsMay and June 2005 First training and capacity building for AP government officers from Animal Husbandry Department AhmedabadDecember 2004 Consultations with sheep and goat rearersNalgondaJuly 2004 Consultations with tribal householdsRampachodavaramJuly 2004 AnnavaramJuly 2004 ChittoorFebruary 2004 Consultations with livestock farmers, local NGOs, cooperative unions, financial institutions, village level administrative units, and field level government functionaries MahboobnagarDecember 2003 Topic/PurposeVenuePeriod Several task force, steering committee and minor veterinary expert group meetings held in Hyderabad. Third training and capacity building for AP government officers from the Animal Husbandry Department AhmedabadNovember 2005 Focus group discussions with professional veterinarians Mahbubnagar, Chittoor, Prakasam, East Godavari, Adilabad and Hyderabad October and November 2005 Second training and capacity building for AP government officers from the Animal Husbandry Dep. AhmedabadOctober 2005 State level workshop to bring together the results of all the studies and consultations HyderabadSeptember 2005 Consultations with selected NGOs, training institutes, animal health workers and para veterinary staff Multiple locationsMay and June 2005 First training and capacity building for AP government officers from Animal Husbandry Department AhmedabadDecember 2004 Consultations with sheep and goat rearersNalgondaJuly 2004 Consultations with tribal householdsRampachodavaramJuly 2004 AnnavaramJuly 2004 ChittoorFebruary 2004 Consultations with livestock farmers, local NGOs, cooperative unions, financial institutions, village level administrative units, and field level government functionaries MahboobnagarDecember 2003 Topic/PurposeVenuePeriod The Policy Process: Participation
- 12. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Issues analysed: • Political economy analysis of the livestock sector • Economic review of the livestock sub-sector • Problems and potentials of para- veterinarian and animal health workers • Para-vet training programmes • Minor veterinary services • Strategy to control animal diseases affecting the poor livestock holders The Policy Process: Analyses
- 13. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative • Government order to streamline minor veterinary services • Disease control strategy (and fund raising for the same) initiated by the Government • Enhanced attention to backyard poultry vaccination • Uptake by other states Recognized as unique effort in terms of process and outcome The Policy Process: Pro-poor Outcomes
- 14. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Lessons Learnt: Challenges • Build trust among interest groups Diverse/opposing views and perspectives • Deal with frequent changes at senior Government levels • Make the participatory process effective Policy dialogue versus action on the ground
- 15. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative • Multiple-tier multi stakeholder policy process • no top-down approach • no ‘cult of expertise’ • flexible, open and evolving • Government active and guiding • Participation • capacity building • ‘interactive learning’ • Policy analysis • field studies • emphasis on evidence rather than on interests Lessons Learnt: Strengths
- 16. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative • Policy process towards livestock service reform in Andhra Pradesh: • policy champions • participation • analysis • Pro-poor policy reform of vet services: • para-veterinarians and animal health workers • minor veterinary services • backyard poultry • Uptake of approach by other Indian States Summary
- 17. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative References & Further Reading PPLPI Research Reports Ahuja V. et al., 2006. Promoting Livestock Service Reform in Andhra Pradesh. Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), FAO, Rome. Ahuja V. et al., 2006. Assessment and Reflections on Livestock Service Delivery in Andhra Pradesh. Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), FAO, Rome. Punjabi M. et al., 2006. Livestock Service Delivery in Andhra Pradesh: Veterinarians’ Perspective. Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), FAO, Rome. Venkratamaiah P., Ahuja V. 2005. Minor Veterinary Services in Andhra Pradesh: Stakeholder Consultations & Expert Group Deliberations. Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), FAO, Rome. EASYPol Modules This module is part of FAO Training Course on Policies and Strategies for the Agriculture and Rural Development. For more information see the EASYPol training path: Training Course on Policies and Strategies for the Agriculture and Rural Development www.fao.org/easypol/output For more information please visit the PPLPI website: www.fao.org/ag/pplpi.html www.fao.org/ag/againfo/projects/en/pplpi/publications.html
- 18. A Living from Livestock Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative