Moving up the livestock ladder:
Gender and equity
A Stakeholder Consultative Workshop
ILRI Addis, 16 October 2018
Nicoline de Haan (ILRI), Annet Mulema (ILRI) and
Livestock Livelihoods and Agri‐Food Systems Flagship
Gender Team (ILRI and ICARDA)

Overview about the CGIAR Research Program
on Livestock
• Provides research-based solutions to help smallholder
farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists transition to
sustainable, resilient livelihoods and to productive
enterprises that will help feed future generations.
• Aims to increase the productivity and profitability of
livestock agri-food systems in sustainable ways.
• Aims to making meat, milk and eggs more available and
affordable across the developing world.

CRP LIVESTOCK’s main objectives
• Ensure that appropriate livestock breeds are readily
available, affordable and widely used by poor women and
men livestock keepers
• Improve livestock health and health service delivery
• Increase livestock nutrition by identifying, testing and
delivering superior feed and forage strategies and options
• Reduce the environmental footprint of livestock production
• Maximize livestock-mediated livelihoods and resilience to
risk among smallholder and pastoral producers and
enhancing availability and access to animal-source food for
rural and urban consumers

How do we achieve the objectives: The five
flagships
• Livestock Genetics
• Livestock Health
• Livestock Feeds and Forages
• Livestock and the Environment
• Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-Food Systems

Gender and Livestock: Our vision
• How does gender (in-)equality affect the
technological and institutional solutions that are
designed, delivered and studied along the
livestock ladder?
Bottom line: Ensuring both men and women can
contribute to improved livestock production
• How do the technological and institutional
solutions developed affect gender relations and
gender transformation?
Bottom line: Using livestock to improve

The ladder: 3 product lines
• Gender and youth on the livestock ladder:
– differentiated aspirations
– making livestock a core business: entrepreneurship
– differentiated market development
– identifying policy barriers
• Technological and institutional innovation packages in
genetics, feeds, animal health and environment at:
– household level
– community
– national level

The ladder: 3 product lines
• Strategic research on gender and youth on the
livestock ladder:
– Assessing the actual and potential roles of
livestock in transforming gender relations and
other social constructs
– Unpacking what’s needed to enable livestock
enterprises to do more to empower women and to
enhance the nutrition and resilience of their
households and communities

Product line 1: gender responsive packages
Forages:
• Gender in forage seed systems – Post Doc
• Home use vs. sale of forages in India – Ph.D.
• Gendered participatory breeding trails with CIAT
• Engendering the Feed Assessment (FEAST) tool
• Gender dynamics and social implications of improved planted forages
in smallholder piggery and dairy systems in Uganda and Kenya
• Ololili traditional Maasai forage conservation system
Animal Health
• Initiating work on gendered access to vaccines
Cluster of Activities (CoA) 2018 highlights

Product line 1: gender responsive packages
Genetics
• Gender and poultry in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Nigeria - ACGG
• Gender differentiated preferences for small ruminant breeds
• Gender dynamics in community-based sheep breeding
Environment
• Gender and land management
• Sustainable intensification - Africa Rising
CoA 2 2018 highlights

Product line 2: gender transformative approaches
- Gender component in Livestock Master Plan in Bihar state in India
- Preventing zoonotics through gender transformative approaches
- Initiated new work on:
- Women and entrepreneurship
- Nutrition, gender and livestock
- Gender analysis of livestock – access, decision making and control
- Women Empowerment in Livestock Index (WELI)
CoA 2 2018 highlights

Our how
• Integration in flagships: a bundle of services
• Conceptual underpinning:
– Reach, Beneficiaries, ______, Empowerment
– Capabilities
– It is about gender – what does that mean
– Trade-offs

The bundle in flagships

Building blocks in the flagships
Gender and genetics:
Small ruminants and
the breeding cycle
Gender and animal health: RVF and
gendered uptake of vaccines
Gender and genetics:
ACGG and a gender strategy with a voice
Gender and fodder/feeds:
Where are the seed
systems for women?
Gender and environment:
RHOMIS, livestock and the bigger numbers

Our how
• Strategic research: empowerment to move up the
ladder
• Conceptual underpinning:
– Understanding the access, decision-making, and use
of livestock resources
– Developing the capabilities and agency to benefit
– Understanding and transforming the norms and
values around livestock
– Gender capacity development

Building blocks for strategic research
Are women part of the solution or part
of the problem: gender and animal
health
An Index of Empowerment using
livestock: the WELI
Putting in the time, getting the
benefits: gender in livestock
production
Aiming high: integration of gender
in the livestock master plan
ASF and empowerment: to buy or
feed?
Along the chain: where are the
options for women and how do we
ensure the benefits?
Why did the chicken cross the road?
Chicken for economic empowerment
but what more/ species positionality
Gender capacity assessment and
development

Sphere of InterestSphere of Influence
Sphere of Control
Impact Pathway
ResearchActivities
Understanding
gender dynamics
in livestock
Identifying entry
points on the
livestock ladder
and technologies
for moving up the
livestock ladder
ResearchOutput
Technological and
institutional
packages: tools to
act
Gender
transformation
through livestock:
power to act
ResearchOutcome
Gender inclusive
livestock
development
Livestock as a
means to
empower
SubDevelopmentOutcome
Women and men
benefit and
engage in
livestock
production
equitably
DevelopmentOutcome
Women and men
livestock keepers
have higher and
more stable
income and
increased
resilience
Impact/SLO
Reduced poverty
Sphere of interest

CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
livestock.cgiar.org
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock aims to increase the productivity and profitability of livestock agri-food
systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world.
This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
The program thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the
CGIAR system