ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW

1735
AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS
ISSN: 2392 – 876X
Available online at: www.researchthoughts.us
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1424783
Volume 1 │ Issue 7 │ May 2015
Impact Factor: 2.0178 (UIF)
ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC: A
CONTEMPORARY REVIEW
Dr. Tapas Pal1
and Dr. Shyamsundar Bairagya2
1Visva-Bharati, India
2Associate Professor, Dept. Of Education, Visva-Bharati, India
Abstract: UGC has splendor activities in respect of conducting of sixteen autonomous statutory
institutions, co-ordination, formulation and maintenance of the standards of university education,
framing regulations on minimum standards of education, Determining standards of teaching,
Examination and research in universities, Monitoring developments in the field of collegiate and
university education, Disbursing grants to universities and colleges, Setting up common facilities,
services and programs for a group of universities in the form of Inter-University Centers but there are
lots of issues (negative performances) are related with UGC’s performance for these National
Commission for Higher Education & Research (NCHER – A national over-arching regulatory body
in higher education), Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) and demand of CBSC have been
aroused. This article will highlight the issues related to cause of emerged of alternative body of UGC
in India.
Key Words: NCHER, RUSA, CBSC, UGC.
1. PREAMBLE
The University Grants Commission (UGC) of India is a statutory organization set
up by the Union government in 1956, charged with coordination, determination and
maintenance of standards of university education. It provides recognition to
universities in India, and disburses funds to such recognized universities and colleges.
Prof. Ved Prakash, a noted academician and education administrator, is the incumbent
Chairman of UGC, India. Its headquarters are in New Delhi, and six regional centers in
Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Bangalore. UGC has splendor
activities in respect of conducting of sixteen autonomous statutory institutions, co-
ordination, formulation and maintenance of the standards of university education,

Tapas Pal, Shyamsundar Bairagya- ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW
1736
AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS- Volume 1 │ Issue 7 │2015
framing regulations on minimum standards of education, Determining standards of
teaching, Examination and research in universities, Monitoring developments in the
field of collegiate and university education, Disbursing grants to universities and
colleges, Setting up common facilities, services and programs for a group of universities
in the form of Inter-University Centers but there are lots of issues (negative
performances) are related with UGC’s performance for these National Commission for
Higher Education & Research (NCHER – A national over-arching regulatory body in
higher education), Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) and demand of CBSC
have been aroused.
2. HISTORY OF FORMATION
It was recommended in 1945 and was formed in 1946 (to oversee the work of the
three Central Universities of Aligarh, Banaras and, Delhi). The Committee was
entrusted with the in 1947 (Responsibility of dealing with all the existing Universities).
University Education Commission was set up in 1948 (under the Chairmanship of S.
Radhakrishna. UGC be reconstituted on the general model of the University Grants
Commission of the United Kingdom. UGC was formally inaugurated by Maulana on 28
December 1953 by Abul Kalam Azad. Formally established (by an Act of Parliament in
November 1956 as a statutory body of the Govt. of India). It has decentralized its
operations by setting up six regional centers Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bhopal,
Guwahati and Bangalore. Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, said during his speech on the
occasion of the initiation of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Golden Jubilee
Year on 28 December, 2002 that sparked off the idea of revisiting the old UGC logo. In
his speech, Shri Vajpayee spoke of the need to take a fresh look at the UGC Act, 1956 in
the light of the new challenges for the education sector emerging in the twenty-first
century. He also suggested that the Commission could consider changing its name to
the `University Education Development Commission.‛
3. OBJECTIVE
To search out the causes of the development of alternative of UGC in India on the basis
of its performance and tasks.

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4. METHODOLOGY
This article is completely based on theoretical survey related with different published
reports in Newspapers, articles related with UGC performance on websites, published
events based of UGC’s work in contemporary issues on UGC cite etc.
5. THE ARENA OF DISCUSSION
5.1 IMPORTANCE
UGC, along with CSIR currently conducts NET for appointments of teachers in colleges
and universities. It has made NET qualification mandatory for teaching at Graduation
level and at Post Graduation level since July 2009. However, those with Ph.D. are given
five percent relaxation. Accreditation for higher learning over Universities under the
University Grants Commission is overseen by following sixteen autonomous statutory
institutions:
• All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
• Distance Education Council (DEC)
• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
• Bar Council of India (BCI)
• National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
• Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
• Medical Council of India (MCI)
• Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
• Indian Nursing Council (INC)
• Dental Council of India (DCI)
• Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH)
• Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)
• Rehabilitation Council
• National Council for Rural Institutes
• State Councils of Higher Education
• Council of Architecture

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5.2 OUR ACHIEVEMENT
According to a report *3+ by ICRIER, New Delhi, India is home to the world’s largest
pool of scientific and knowledge workers and produces 400,000 engineers per year
while the US produces 60,000.
5.3 STOP THE RIGGING
As per the UGC guidelines, every institution of higher learning should have a
counseling center manned by two psychologists to deal with depression among
students. The guidelines also suggest that universities should have staff sensitization
programs which will help faculty members interact on personal grounds with students.
Research scholars in universities should be provided with a mentor who is not his/her
academic supervisor, the guidelines issued by the commission said.
6. CONTEMPORARY TASK
• Task of co-ordination, formulation and maintenance of the standards of
university education.
• It engaged itself in, among other things, framing regulations on minimum
standards of education
• Determining standards of teaching
• Examination and research in universities
• Monitoring developments in the field of collegiate and university
education
• Disbursing grants to universities and colleges
• Setting up common facilities, services and programs for a group of
universities in the form of Inter-University centers.
6.1 GIVING E-STAR SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS: (2014-15)
(BOTH FOR MALE, FEMALE) (CATEGORY WISE: GENERAL, SC, ST, OBC,
MINORITY) (BOTH FOR ARTS, SCIENCE, ENGINEERING)(FOR PH.D,
POSTDOC, FOREIGN RESEARCH)
1. Maulana Azad National Fellowship for Minority Students
2. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for SC/ST Candidate

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3. Post-Graduate Indira Gandhi Scholarship for Single Girl Child
4. Post-Graduate Merit Scholarship for University Rank Holder
5. Post-Doctoral Fellowship to SC/ST Candidates
6. Post Graduate Scholarships for Professional Courses for SC/ST Candidates
7. Post-Doctoral Fellowship to Women Candidates
8. Research Awards for the Teachers
9. Raman Fellowship for Post-Doctoral Research for Indian Scholars in USA
10. Emeritus Fellowship
11. Junior Research Fellowship in Engineering & Technology
12. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for Students with Disabilities
13. Major Research Project (MRP)
14. Dr. S. Radharkrishnan Post-Doctoral Fellowship In Humanities And Social
Sciences (including languages)
15. Special Assitance Programme (SAP)
16. Swami Vivekananda Single Girl Child Scholarship for Research in Social Sciences
2014-15
17. "Ishan Uday" for North Eastern Region
18. National Fellowship for OBC Candidate
7.0 THE ARENA OF EVALUATION
7.1 ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC
Due to the situation of UGC vs. Students One incident as example here: Students
of JNU and other colleges protest UGC’s ‘common’ syllabus, ‘transferable’
faculty proposal near Jantar Mantar: Hundreds of students gathered at Jantar Mantar

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on Tuesday to protest against the proposed Central Universities Act and UGC’s
prescribed Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS).
The protesters said they were opposed to the Central Universities Act because it
required all universities to follow a ‘common’ admission and ‘common’ syllabus along
with ‘transferable’ faculty. ‚This will kill the autonomy of Central universities like DU
and JNU, kill their uniqueness, kill their respective areas of strength in teaching and
research,‛ Vijender Sahni, a Delhi University student, said. ‚The government is trying
to thrust anti-student policies on universities such as the CBCS and the Central
Universities Act. The real and dangerous agenda of the proposed Central Universities
Act is to enforce ‘uniformity’,‛ Ashutosh Kumar, JNUSU president, said. Students said
like the FYUP, the Choice-Based Credit System diluted the quality of Honors courses
and overburdened students and teachers with a concoction of uninformed foundation,
core and elective papers. ‚The present system lacks teachers and infrastructure. To this
system, you add new foundation and core courses which the students have no use for 1.
7.2 LACKS INTERNATIONALLY PRESTIGIOUS UNIVERSITIES SUCH
AS HARVARD, CAMBRIDGE, AND OXFORD
India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to
the United States and China2.
The main governing body at the tertiary level is
the University Grants Commission, which enforces its standards, advises the
government, and helps coordinate between the center and the state3
. Accreditation for
higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions established by the University

1741
Grants Commission4
. However, India still lacks internationally prestigious universities
such as Harvard, Cambridge, and Oxford.5
7.3 FUNDAMENTAL WEAKNESSES OF THE SYSTEM IS LACK OF
TRANSPARENCY
Driven by market opportunities and entrepreneurial zeal, many institutions are
taking advantage of the lax regulatory environment to offer 'degrees' not approved by
Indian authorities, and many institutions are functioning as pseudo non-profit
organizations, developing sophisticated financial methods to siphon off the
'profits'.6 Regulatory authorities like UGC and AICTE have been trying to extirpate
private universities that run courses with no affiliation or recognition. Students from
rural and semi urban background often fall prey to these institutes and colleges7
. One
the fundamental weaknesses of the system is lack of transparency and
recommendations have been made to mandate high standards of data disclosures by
institutions on performance.8
Our university system is, in many parts, in a state of disrepair... In almost half
the districts in the country, higher education enrollments are abysmally low, almost
two-third of our universities and 90 per cent of our colleges are rated as below average
on quality parameters... I am concerned that in many states university appointments,
including that of vice-chancellors, have been politicized and have become subject to
caste and communal considerations, there are complaints of favoritism and corruption. -
Prime Minister- Gopal Dewangan.
7.4 RANK OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES IN WORLDWIDE IS NOT GOOD
Five Indian universities in top 400 of Times Higher Education rankings Punjab
University emerges as top-ranked Indian institution in rankings report. The other four
Indian institutions in the list are the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi; IIT-
Kanpur, IIT-Kharagpur and IIT-Roorkee, ranked in the 351-400 bracket (Prashant K.
Nanda First Published: Thu, Oct 03 2013).9
7.5 LESSER GROWTH IN STUDENT ENROLLMENT
Although number of students enrolled in higher education doubled from nearly
8.4 million to 17 million in a decade, it grew a slower pace than number of colleges

1742
which grew 2.5 times in the same period, creating a paradoxical situation of excess
capacity in a country where gross enrollment ratio is less than 20%.
Out of 169.75 lakh students enrolled in higher education in 2010-11.10
7.6 LACK OF CONTROL ON FAKE UNIVERSITY / NEITHER UGC NOR ANY
GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY HAS TAKEN ANY ACTION TO CLOSE THEM
DOWN / LIMITATIONS OF UGC
Weeks ahead of admission season of the 2014-15, the University Grants
Commission (UGC) has identified and posted on its official website, a list of 21 self-
styled, unrecognized institutions in nine states, which are functioning against the
provisions of the UGC Act, 1956. Uttar Pradesh tops the list with 10 fake varsities while
Maharashtra has just one Raja Arabic University, which is based in Nagpur. All these
institutions have been declared as bogus and do not have any right to confer or grant
degrees. UGC officials said, "Many students are enrolled in these varsities as they are
unaware that it’s a phony. This facilitates the quacks to continue to run their business."
Interestingly, majority of these varsities have figured in the UGC fake varsity list many
a times in the past few years. However, neither UGC nor any government authority has
taken any action to close them down and thus vulnerable students continue to lose their
money and time. "We have no power to take any action on these centers. The police can
take action only if someone lodges a complaint with them," said a UGC official. The
mushroom growth of fake vishwavidyalayas is a matter of great concern of the
University Grants Commission (UGC) having responsibility of maintaining standards
in Higher Education in the country.11
The UGC act was enacted in 1956 when only 20 varsities and 500 colleges with
0.21 million students were there across the country. This has now grown to 726 varsities
and 38,000 and 28 million students. "The UGC has no mechanism to ensure follow up
on compliance. These limitations can only be overcome by a thorough review and
amending the UGC Act," said an official of MHRD.12
7.7 STUDENTS GO FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ONLY 12.4%
Presently about 12.4 percent of students go for higher education from the
country. If India were to increase that figure of 12.4% to 30%, then it would need
another 800 to one thousand universities and over 40,000 colleges in the next 10 years.

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UGC is doing work for higher education from 1956 but 58 years over and the result is
only 12.4%. Addressing a higher education summit organized by the Federation of
Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), HRD Minister Kapil Sibal said
‚We will need 800 new universities and 40,000 new colleges to meet the aim of 30
percent GER (gross enrolment ratio) by 2020. Government alone cannot meet this aim,‛
Statistics show that there is a huge gap between the demand and supply. The HRD
ministry says that the foreign institutions could fill this gap to a large extent.13
7.8 WHY WE HAVE TO INCREASE THE GER? THAT INDICATES UGC IS NOT
SUFFICIENT
India’s higher education gross enrollment ratio (GER) would need to increase
from 12 to 20 percent by 2014.14
7.9 1/3 INDIA’S COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ARE BELOW STANDARD
According to a recent government (2009-10) report [3] two-third of India’s
colleges and universities are below standard.
7.10 INDIA SPENT COMPARATIVE LESS
According to the available official statistics [9], the expenditure on R&D in the
field of Science & Technology as a percentage of gross domestic products (GDP) was 0.8
percent during the year 2005-06 in India. Israel (5.11 percent), Sweden (4.27 percent),
Japan (3.11 percent), South Korea (2.95 percent), the United States (2.77 percent),
Germany (2.74 percent) and France (2.27 percent), China (1.54 percent), Russia (1.74
percent), U.K. (1.88 percent) and Brazil (1.04 percent) - among other countries India
spent very less (0.8%).
7.11 UGC IS UNABLE TO FULFILL THE FACULTY SHORTAGE
According to a recent report of HRD Ministry, premier educational institutes like
the Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institute of Management (IIMs)
are facing a faculty crunch with nearly one-third of the posts vacant. According to a
report published in IANS [10] around 35 percent posts are vacant in the central
universities, 25 percent in the IIMs, 33.33 percent in the National Institute of Technology

1744
(NITs) and 35.1 percent in other central education institutions coming up under the
Human Resource Development (HRD) Ministry.
7.12 UNABLE TO STOP SUICIDE OF STUDENTS
List of Dalit students committing suicide in last four years in India’s
premier institutions15
: here is the list of the Dalit students who have committed suicide
in last four years. This is by no means an exhaustive list but covers only those cases
which we were able to document and where parents and relatives have raised their
voices and had accused the institutions of caste discrimination against their children
that led to their suicides. We are sure that the actual numbers of Dalit students
committing suicide in country’s premier institutions in last four years will be much
higher.
 M. Shrikant, final year, B.Tech, IIT Bombay, 1st Jan 07
 Ajay S. Chandra, integrated PhD, Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc), Bangalore –
26 Aug, 07
 Jaspreet Singh, final year MBBS, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, 27
Jan 08
 Senthil Kumar, PHD, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad – 23 Feb 08
 Prashant Kureel, first year, B.Tech, IIT Kanpur, 19 April, 08
 G. Suman, final year, M.Tech, IIT Kanpur, 2nd Jan, 09
 Ankita Veghda, first year, BSc Nursing, Singhi Institute of Nursing, Ahmedabad,
20 April, 09
 D Syam Kumar, first year B.Tech, Sarojini Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Vijayawada, 13 Aug, 09
 S. Amravathi, national level young woman boxer, Centre of Excellence, Sports
Authority of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 4th Nov, 09
 Bandi Anusha, B.Com final year, Villa Mary College, Hyderabad, 5th Nov, 09
 Pushpanjali Poorty, first year, MBA, Visvesvaraiah Technological University,
Bangalore, 30th Jan, 10
 Sushil Kumar Chaudhary, final year MBBS, Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical
University (formerly KGMC), Lucknow, 31 Jan, 10
 Balmukund Bharti, final year MBBS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS), New Delhi, 3rd March, 10

1745
 JK Ramesh, second year, BSc, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 1st
July, 10
 Madhuri Sale, final year B.Tech, IIT Kanpur, 17th November, 10
 G. Varalakshmi, B.Tech first year, Vignan Engineering College, Hyderabad, 30
Jan, 2011
 Manish Kumar, IIIrd Year B.Tech, IIT Roorkee, 13 Feb, 11
 Linesh Mohan Gawle, PhD, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 16
April, 11.
India lost 2,471 young citizens in 2013 as they committed suicide after failing in
examinations. This is up by 10%, as compared to the previous year. Over
2,246 students took their lives after they failed in exams in 2012. Maharashtra topped
the list with 349 student-suicides, followed by Tamil Nadu (277) and Andhra Pradesh
(235), according to the latest National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) report.16
Students suicide in 2013:
Maharashtra: 349
Tamil Nadu: 277
Andhra Pradesh: 235
West Bengal: 226
Madhya Pradesh: 218
Students suicide in 2013 (Maharashtra)
Mumbai: 53
Pune: 15
Nashik: 12
Nagpur: 19
Aurangabad: 12
Vasai Virar: 01
7.13 UGC GAVE THE IMPORTANCE LATER
In the past three years, a total of 49 suicides (2013) were recorded in the state out
of which about 15% were from city colleges and universities. The UGC enquiry has
come at a time when the Andra Pradesh high court is already inquiring into this
suicides.17

1746
8. THE ARENA OF ENDING
8.1 THINKING AND EMERGED
1. National Commission for Higher Education & Research (NCHER – A national
over-arching regulatory body in higher education)
In 2009, the Union Minister of Education made open the government of India's
plans to close down UGC and the related body All India Council for Technical
Education (AICTE), in favor of a higher regulatory body with more sweeping
powers.18 This goal, proposed by the Higher Education and Research (HE&R) Bill, 2011,
intends to replace the UGC with a "National Commission for Higher Education &
Research (NCHER)" "for determination, coordination, maintenance and continued
enhancement of standards of higher education and research".19
The bill proposes
absorbing the UGC and other academic agencies into this new organization. Those
agencies involved in medicine and law would be exempt from this merger "to set
minimum standards for medical and legal education leading to professional
practice".20
The bill has received opposition from the local governments of the Indian
states of Bihar, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, but has received general
support.[7]
The Higher Education and Research (HE&R) Bill, 2011, intends to create a
National Commission for Higher Education & Research (NCHER) for determination,
coordination, maintenance and continued enhancement of standards of higher
education and research. Existing regulatory bodies like the University Grants
Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), National
Council (DEC) would be subsumed in NCHER. However, the regulatory bodies in the
fields of medicine and law would retain the powers to set minimum standards for
medical and legal education leading to professional practice. The said proposal is based
on the recommendations of Yash Pal Committee and National Knowledge Commission.
2. The Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) cleared by the Cabinet
committee on economic affairs (CCEA) on Thursday - is not only the first major
intervention by the Centre to reform the state higher education system but also a
substantial step to partially clip the wings of the University Grants Commission (UGC).
Ministry sources said the 2004-05 proposals to amend the UGC Act complete with
renaming the organization as higher education commission and taking away, a major
chunk of its grant-giving power has been revived. After RUSA, UGC would continue to

1747
fund around 52 educational institutions, which includes 40 central universities and
another 12 deemed universities under the government.21
 A proposal to prevent, prohibit and punish educational malpractices.
 Law for mandatory assessment and accreditation in higher education through an
independent regulatory authority.
 Establishment of a national database of academic qualifications created and
maintained in an electronic format which would provide immense benefit to
institutions, students and employers.
 A proposal to establish 14 innovation universities aiming at world class
standards.
 Setting up 10 new National Institutes of Technology (NITs).
 Launching of a new scheme of interest subsidy on educational loans taken by
professional courses by the economically weaker students.
 Setting up of 374 Model degree colleges in districts having GER for education
less than the National GER.
 As part of reforms in All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) norms,
the HRD ministry announced an increase of almost 200,000 seats in engineering
courses, additional 80,000 seats in management and 2,200 seats in architecture
courses. The ministry also made it mandatory for technical institutions to reserve
5 percent seats for the weaker sections of society.
 HRD ministry has liberalized the norms for land requirement for engineering
colleges. Now lesser space will be needed for establishing technical institutes.
While an engineering college in rural India will need 10 acres of land, just 2.5
acres of land will be needed in urban areas.
 Conduction of special evening in the areas of Engineering, Technology,
Architecture, Town Planning, Hospitality and Pharmacy by AICTE-approved
institutes.
 Introduction of Section 25 of Company’s Act to allow good corporate to set up
Technical Institutions.
 Review of the functioning of existing Deemed Universities.
 Passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Bill.

1748
 UGC NET is conducting by CBSE FROM DECEMBER, 2014 (After failing to
conduct the test without hiccups, the University Grants Commission, with the
HRD ministry's consent, has asked the CBSE to conduct the test).22
9. CONCLUSION
In conclusion we are listing the failures of the UGC on many fronts, the four-
page MHRD order states, "There is a realization that the UGC is not able to do justice to
its mandate in light of massification of higher education...UGC's entire funding
continues to be oriented towards grant giving rather than regulation and enforcement
of minimum standards."
REFERENCES
1Express Photo by Tashi Tobgyal. By: Express News Service. Published on:March
4, 2015)
2
"India Country Summary of Higher Education". World Bank.
3
India 2009: A Reference Annual (53rd edition), 237
4
"Higher Education'', National Informatics Centre, Government of India".
Education.nic.in. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
5India doesn't figure in world top-100 universities, Press Trust of
India via timesofindia.com, 2010-09-12
6
The Encyclopedia Britannica
7
Fake and Cheat Universities in India, Think Ahead.
8
Transparency for a Change in Higher Education". DrEducation.com. 2012-08-01.
Retrieved2012-08-02.
9
http://www.livemint.com/Politics/dFoONiASFXSUAfBBnEmtIP/Five-Indian-
universities-find-place-in-top-400-worlds-best.html?utm_source=copy
10
Preetu Venugopalan Nair, TNN | Sep 4, 2012, 04.14 AM IST
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Enrolment-of-women-in-
higher-education-increases/articleshow/16244028.cms

1749
11
UGC releases list of 21 fake University in India. Tuesday, 20 May 2014 -
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-ugc-releases-list-of-21-fake-university-in-
india-1989850
12
https://educationbhaskar.com/information/ugc-fake-universities-list/141/
13
Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X
(Online). Vol 3, No 2, 2012. www.iiste.org.
14
Deepti Gupta & Navneet Gupta, Higher Education in India: Structure, Statistics
and Challenges
15April 25, 2011 https://thedeathofmeritinindia.wordpress.com/2011/04/25/list-of-
dalit-students-committing-suicide-in-last-four-years-in-indias-premier-institutions/
16
Kanchan Srivastava. Maharashtra tops student-suicide list. Wednesday, 16 July
2014 -
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-maharashtra-tops-student-suicide-
list-2002506
17Nikhila Henry, TNN | Mar 30, 2013, UGC orders probe into student suicides.
THE TIMES OF INDIA http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/UGC-orders-
probe-into-student-suicides/articleshow/19283609.cms
18
March 6, 2013 Last Updated at 22:28 ISThttp://www.business-
standard.com/article/management/states-oppose-national-panel-for-higher-education-
and-research-113030600649_1.html
19Reporter, BS (March 6, 2013). "States oppose national panel for higher education
and research". Business Standard. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
20
TNN (Oct 5, 2013). "Major push to change the face of higher education". Times
of India. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
21
Major push to change the face of higher education. TNN | Oct 5, 2013.
ISThttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Major-push-to-change-
the-face-of-higher-education/articleshow/23553313.cms
22
Manash Pratim Gohain, TNN | Jul 24, 2014.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/After-UGCs-failure-CBSE-to-
conduct-NET/articleshow/38950641.cms

1750
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. PWC report on, ‚Redefining Higher Education for Inclusive Development in
Eastern India‛, Indian Chamber of Commerce, 2010.
2. PWC report on ‚Emerging opportunities for private and foreign participation in
higher education‛ Indo-US Summit on higher education 2010.
3. Uttara Dukkipati, ‚Higher Education in India: sustaining long term growth‛
South Asia Monitor, 141, 01 May, 2010.
4. Sanat Kaul, ‚Higher Education in India: seizing the opportunity‛, Working
paper no. 179, 2006.
5. India Education ,‛Open universities in India‛ ,www.indiaedu.com>
6. MHRD, Annual Report on Higher Education in India- 2009-2010.
7. UGC report: ‚Higher Education in India: Issues related to expansion,
inclusiveness, quality and finance‛ 2008.
8. Sudhanshu Bhushan, ‚Universities and colleges requirements for 15% target
during 11th plan-an estimate‛ in ibid.
9. Debkumar Mukherjee, ‚Higher Education in India-concerns and strategies‛
Asia-Pacific Business and Technology report 2010.
10. IANS (Indo-Asia News service) report of 18 August 2010.

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ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW