1. Introduction to ISO 14000
NSF International
Strategic Registrations, Ltd.

2. Pendahuluan
Pada saat ini kesadaran masyarakat akan
lingkungan yang sehat sudah semakin tinggi
termasuk juga di Negara-negara berkembang
Perlindungan terhadap lingkungan terus
dikumandangkan oleh para aktifis lingkungan.
Perlindungan lingkungan sebenarnya merupakan
implementasi sistem manajemen lingkungan (SML)
yakni meminimalkan kerusakan lingkungan melalui
operasional perusahaan yang terlaksanan dengan
baik sehingga kerusakan lingkungan dapat
dihindarkan.

3. Pendahuluan
Guna menyamakan standar dalam manajemen
lingkungan maka dibuatlah ISO 14000 yang
merupakan sistem manajemen lingkungan (SML).
Pada dasarnya ISO ini mirip dengan ISO 9000
yakni sistem manajemen mutu (SMM) untuk
mengontrol sistem produksi yang baik dari
perusahaan.
Pedoman manajemen lingkungan yang baik adalah
ISO 14001.

4. International Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
Worldwide federation of national
standards bodies from over 100
countries, one from each country.
Non-governmental organization
(NGO) established in 1947,
based in Geneva, Switzerland.
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) is US representative to ISO

5. History
1987 - World Commission on Environment &
Development (AKA The Brundtland
Commission) published “Our Common Future”.
– called for the development of effective environmental
management systems by industries
1989 - Creation of Strategic Advisory Group on
the Environment (SAGE)
– Recommended new ISO Technical Committee to
develop standards for environmental management
January 1993 - ISO creates TC 207
– (TC 176 controls ISO 9000 QMS standards)
Fall 1996 – ISO 14001 adopted

6. Sub-Committees of TC 207
SC 1: EMS - UK
SC 2: Env. Auditing - Netherlands
SC 3: Env. Labeling - Australia
SC 4: Env. Performance Evaluation -
US
SC 5: Life Cycle Assessment - France
SC 6: Terms and Definitions - Norway

7. SC 1: EMS
SC1 adalah sub komisi yang bertanggung jawab
atas standarisasi Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan
Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan adalah pengelolaan
sumber daya manusia guna mencapai sasaran
tertentu dalam batas – batas dana yang telah
ditetapkan
Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan ini menuntut adanya
komitmen perusahaan secara terus menerus
terhadap upaya penyempurnaan kinerja lingkungan,
melalui penggunaan teknologi bersih dan penerapan
prinsip – prinsip reduce, reuse, recycle, recovery dll.

8. SC 2: Env. Auditing
bertanggung jawab untuk menyusun standar
yang berkaitan dengan Audit Lingkungan
serta investigasi lingkungan
Audit lingkungan dapat merekomendasikan
dalam hal apa saja dapat dilakukan
penghematan bahan baku, efisiensi energi,
dan reduksi limbah pada umumnya.
Bentuk audit lingkungan dapat berupa
compliance audit, waste audit, energy audit,
supplier atau associate audit.

9. SC 3: Env. Labeling
menentukan standar bagi label lingkungan (ecolabel).
Ecolabel adalah tanda yang ditempelkan pada suatu produk
industri yang menerangkan bahwa produk ini telah
memenuhi berbagai kriteria yang memungkinkannya dicap
sebagai produk yang environmentally friendly.
Kriteria penilaian ini mencakup from craddle to grave, yaitu
mulai penyediaan bahan baku sampai pembuangan produk
yang habis masa pakainya.
Jadi jelas bahwa pengolahan limbah secara baik pada saat
proses produksi saja tidak cukup untuk mendapatkan eco-
label

10. SC 4: Env. Performance Evaluation
bertanggung jawab mengembangkan
standar yang dapat digunakan oleh suatu
organisasi mengukur kinerja lingkungannya.
Dua kelompok kerja di bawah Komisi Teknik
ini menetapkan evaluasi kinerja lingkungan
secara umum dan indikator kinerja khusus
bagi industri.

11. SC 5: Life Cycle Assessment
mengembangkan analisis daur hidup
Analisis daur hidup adalah prosedur
akuntansi lingkungan yang holistik yang
mengkuantifikasikan dan mengkaji seluruh
limbah yang dilepaskan ke lingkungan serta
energi dan bahan baku yang digunakan
selama daur hidup suatu produk

12. SC 6: Terms and Definitions
komisi yang bertugas untuk standarisasi
istilah dan definisi

13. ISO 14000 Standards
ISO 14000 is a series of standards, rather
than a single standard.
– 14001: Environmental Management Systems
– 14004: EMS general guidelines
– 14010: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing
– 14011: Guidelines for Auditing of an EMS
– 14012: Auditing - Qualification criteria
– Others deal with life cycle assessment, site
assessments, labeling, and other matters.

14. To whom do the standards apply?
The ISO 14000 standards can be
applied to:
– large and small business & industry;
– service sectors (hospitals, hotels, etc.);
– government organizations;
– all types of organizations, of all sizes
anywhere in the world.

15. What is an EMS?
An EMS is:
– a systematic way of managing an
organization’s environmental aspects;
– based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)
model;
– focused on continual improvement of systems;
– a way to address immediate and long-term
impact of an organization’s products, services
and activities on the environment;
– a tool to improve environmental performance.

16. An EMS:
– helps track and satisfy regulatory requirements;
– supports effective delegation of responsibilities;
– reduces disruption caused by employee
turnover;
– establishes a framework to move beyond
compliance;
– provides a vehicle for positive change, improved
employee morale, enhanced public image;
– helps identify opportunities for savings;
– consolidates existing environmental, safety, and
health programs into a cohesive system.
Internal Drivers for ISO 14001

17. Becoming ISO 14001 registered
ISO 14001 is the only certification standard.
The registration body examines EMS for
conformity to the ISO 14001 standard.
The EMS audit is not a compliance audit.
Registration does NOT mean that products are
more environmentally friendly.
Registration means the organization has a
documented EMS that is fully implemented and
meets ISO 14001 requirements.
The registration covers processes, not products.

18. Perbandingan ISO 14001 dg 9001
ISO 14001 ISO 9001
Tujuan Mengidentifikasi semua
potensi yang
mempengaruhi lingkungan
dari operasi perusahaan,
pengembangan dan
implementasi untuk
memnimalkan pengaruh
lingkungan
Mengidentifikasi semua
proses di perusahaan
yang dapat
mempengaruhi kualitas
produk dan jasa, dan
bagaimana implementasi
sistem menjamin
kepuasan
pelanggan/customer
Khalayak Sasaran Pelanggan dan
masyarakat umum
Pelanggan
Dokumentasi Dibutuhkan untuk semua
aspek SML
Dibutuhkan untuk semua
aspek sistem manajemen
mutu (SMM)
Kebutuhan legislasi sebagian tidak

19. Perbandingan ISO 14001 dg 9001
ISO 14001 ISO 9001
Penanggung Jawab
keseluruhan
Manajer Puncak Manajer Puncak
Training Semua personil yang
bekerja pada bagian yang
mempengaruhi lingkungan
harus mendapatkan
training
Semua personil yang
bekerja pada bagian yang
mempengaruhi mutu harus
mendapatkan training
Monitoring dan pengukuran Parameter-parameter kunci
harus dimonitor dan diukur
untuk menunjukkan adanya
perlindungan terhadap
lingkungan
Parameter-parameter kunci
harus dimonitor dan diukur
untuk menunjukkan adanya
perlindungan terhadap
penjaminan sistem mutu

20. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
Environmental Policy
– requires a publicly available, written statement,
which includes a commitment to prevention of
pollution, continual improvement, and compliance
with environmental laws and other applicable
environmental requirements;
Environmental Aspects
– requires procedures for identification of
environmental aspects of the organization's
activities and determination of those which have or
can have significant impacts on the environment;

21. ISO 14001 - Definitions
Environmental aspect
– element of an organization’s activities,
products or services that can interact with the
environment
• Note - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental
aspect that has or can have a significant environmental impact.
Environmental impact
– any change to the environment, whether
adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially
resulting from an organization’s activities,
products or services

22. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
Legal and Other Requirements
– requires the organization to know exactly what
environmental laws and other (i.e. non-regulatory)
requirements apply to its activities;
Objectives and Targets
– requires the organization to set measurable
environmental objectives and targets consistent
with its environmental policy statement;

23. ISO 14001 - Definitions
Environmental objective
– overall environmental goal, arising from the
environmental policy, that an organization sets
itself to achieve, and which is quantified where
practicable.
Environmental target
– detailed performance requirement, quantified
where practicable, applicable to the organization
or parts thereof, that arises from the
environmental objectives and that needs to be
set and met in order to achieve those objectives

24. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
Environmental Management Programs
– requires the organization to develop and maintain
programs to achieve its environmental objectives
and targets;
Structure and Responsibility
– requires environmental management
responsibilities to be clearly defined, documented,
and communicated;

25. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
Training, Awareness, and Competence
– requires processes to ensure that all personnel
whose work can cause significant impacts on the
environment are competent, through training,
education and experience;
Communication
– requires procedures for internal and external
communication on environmental aspects;

26. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
EMS Documentation
– requires documentation of core EMS elements;
Document Control
– requires stringent control of all documentation
relating to the EMS;

27. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
Operational Control
– requires identification of all activities with potential
or actual significant environmental impact and
procedural control of such activities to achieve
conformance with the environmental policy. This
includes environmental control of goods and
services provided by suppliers and subcontractors;
Emergency Preparedness and Response
– requires identification of potential for accidents and
emergency situations, and procedures for response
and mitigation of resulting environmental impacts;

28. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
Monitoring and Measurement
– requires documented procedures to measure
environmental aspects to check progress toward
meeting environmental objectives and targets, and
for evaluating compliance with regulatory
requirements;
Nonconformance and Corrective and
Preventive Action
– requires procedures for taking preventive and
corrective action on any EMS nonconformances
and supports continual improvement of the system;

29. ISO 14001 - 17 Key Elements
Records
– requires procedures for handling and disposition of
environmental records;
EMS Audit
– requires the organization to periodically audit itself
for conformance with the requirements of its EMS;
Management Review
– requires top management to periodically review the
EMS for effectiveness in achieving the intent of the
environmental policy and identify the need for
changes to the system.

30. For More Information
DPPEA offers free on-site EMS assistance
and training
DPPEA EMS web site
http://www.p2pays.org/iso/index.htm
Beth Graves, EMS Project Coor.
919-715-6506 or 800-763-0136
Beth.Graves@ncmail.net
Rick Gehrke at NSF-ISR, Southeast:
888-248-0433 for registration questions