Staunch

1. Topic :
Federally Administrated Tribal
Areas (FATA)
Group Members:
Zeeshan Ahmad
Dildar Hussain
Zakir Ullah
Salman Mehmood

2. Introduction:
• a semi-autonomous tribal region in northwestern
Pakistan that existed from 1947
• merged with neighboring province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
in 2018.
Administrative control:
I. Bajaur Agency
II. Mohmand Agency
III. Khyber Agency
IV. Orakzai Agency
V. Kurram Agency
VI. North Waziristan Agency
VII. South Waziristan Agency

4. Conflicts in FATA
• Fata before 9/11;
FATA was perfectly at peace with
itself and its neighbors prior to 9/11.
• The ongoing insurgency is not a local phenomenon;
rather things have spilled over into Pakistan from across
its Western borders where American and Allied Forces
have drastically failed in achieving any of their stated
targets.

7. Situation in FATA in last 10
years
• In December 2001, the Allied Forces launched an
operation in Tora Bora.
• It lies just opposite to Kurram agency.
• . These are the low hills of Koh-e-Sufaid (White
Mountain) on the Afghanistan side.
• Pakistan and its military came to know about it through
media.

8. Series of military operations:
Operation Al-Mizan (2002-2006)
• First major operation of Pakistan Army against the
militant groups .
• At that time the Army Chief was General Pervez
Musharraf.
• General Pervez Musharraf deployed forces in FATA
of around 70,000-80,000.

10. Operation Sher-e-Dil ( September 2008)
• The Pakistan Army launched Operation Sher-e-Dil on
September 9, 2008 in Bajaur Agency .
• The aim was to target the militant groups that
threatened the security of Pakistan.
• By early December over 1000 militants and 63 security
personnel had been killed

12. Operation Zalzala (2008-2009)
• This operation was launched in South Waziristan
Agency in January 2008.
• Baitullah Mehsud and his supporters were the main
targets of this operation.
• it cleared most of SWA.
• Around 200,000 locals are estimated to have been
displaced.
• Security forces destroyed over 40,000 houses.

14. Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem (2008)
• It was halted by the Army on July 9, 2008 in Bara Tehsil,
Khyber Agency.
• PM Yousuf Raza Gillani’s government ordered the Army
against the Taliban forces in Khyber Agency.
• The immediate trigger for the operation was two
kidnappings in Peshawar of six women and a group of
16 Christians by the Islamic group Lashkar-e-Islam.

16. Operation Rah-e-Nijaat ( October 2009)
• The army launched a combat against militants in South
Waziristan with the help of gunship helicopters and
aircraft.
• The major objective of this operation was to destroy the
militant stronghold in the region

18. Operation Koh-e-Sufaid (July 2011)
• Millitary targeted militants in Kurram agency .
• Soul objective was securing and re-opening Thall
Parachinar road
• it had been repeatedly under attack by Sunni Militants.

20. Operation Zarb-e-Azb (2013)
• General Raheel Sharif gave the final order and by June
2014 the operation was underway.
• Main targets were Tehrik-i-Pakistan (TTP),
I. Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan,
II. East Turkestan Islamic Movement,
III. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Al-Qaeda,
IV. Jundallah
V. and the Haqqani Network.
• The military strategy used for this was SEEK-
DESTROY-CLEAR-HOLD.

22. Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (2018)
• A moment led by Manzoor Ahmad pashteen,
Muhsin dawar and Ali Wazir fighting.
• It is for the basic rights of Pashtuns.

24. Present situation in FATA
• The present situation in fata is still not stable and
peaceful.
• Its peoples are deprived of their basic social, political
rights and needs.
• FATA is still in the state of civil war which needs serious
attention.

25. The Belligerent Actors in FATA
Conflict:
• There are mainly five actors involved in this conflict.
• Four of them are States and the others are non
State actors.
They are as follows:
1) United States of America
2) Pakistan
3) TTP and Afghan Taliban
4) India
5) Afghanistan

26. Interests of the Belligerent Actors:
• United States of America:
• Following the 9/11 attacks in 2001, the US and its
Allies attacked the Taliban government in
Afghanistan.
•
• The Taliban government was overthrown because it
had hosted the Al Qaeda leaders who were wanted
by the US.
• Al Qaeda was the organizer of the 9/11 attacks.
• The leaders of Taliban and Al Qaeda tactically
retreated into the nearly bordered areas, namely
FATA..

27. • Following are the interests of USA in keeping the
conflict going:
• The US created a demand for militant activities in
Pakistan. This will divert the attention of Pakistan from
Afghanistan and Kashmir.
• Once the FATA became a center of militancy, the
Afghan Taliban could be pushed towards FATA which
will decrease pressure on NATO allies in Afghanistan.
• The rise of militancy and attacks on security forces and
civilians would decrease public support for such
Islamist jihadists in the future.
• To lead the West against Pakistan nuclear program.
• To stop China from investing in Pakistan.

28. Pakistan:
• In 2001 Pakistan became an ally of the US in
the famous “War on Terror”.
• As an ally Pakistan had to help the US and the NATO
allies to fight against the militants and eradicate
terrorism.
• For the first time Pakistan Army entered FATA after its
independence in 1947.
• As an ally, the US has provided Pakistan with a huge
amount of aid for security and other purposes.
• This amount is worth $33 billion.

29. Interests of Pakistan in the conflict:
• Pakistan is apparent to have kept the conflict going on in
order to receive US aid.
• increase in the annual army defense budget.
TTP and Afghan Taliban:
• In the war against Soviet Union, Pakistan supported the
Afghan Taliban
• US turned against Taliban government and asked
Pakistan to join them,
• Pakistan allied with the US.
• For Taliban Pakistan became an ally of Kafirs and hence
it was permissible for them to fight Pakistan.

30. Interests of Taliban in FATA Conflict :
• Attacking the US and her NATO allies in Afghanistan
until they leave the country.
• Attacking the State of Pakistan because it became
partner with kuffar.
• To establish themselves on these lands and then
implement Shariah on these lands.

31. India:
• India is the arch rival of Pakistan.
• 1) To keep Pakistan busy in FATA which will divert its
attention from Kashmir.
• 2) India has a presence in Afghanistan,and the conflict
will increase security issues for Pakistan.
• Pakistan is encircled by India, therefore she has to
defend both her border i.e. the Eastern and Western
borders.

32. Afghanistan:
• The interest of Afghanistan is her revenge from
Pakistan.
• Pakistan helped the Afghan Taliban and the US in
the conflict in Afghanistan,
• Afghanistan is helping the Taliban in Pakistan.
• India and Afghanistan are helping Taliban to fight
against Islamabad4.

33. Benefits to different parties from FATA conflict:
• Since 2001 the United States has provided more
than $10 billion.
• $7 billion has been in the form of Coalition Support
Funds.
• lack of a uniform vision on the part of both the
United States and Pakistan on what constitutes
adequate counter-insurgency measures has been
the source of some discord.

34. Belligerent
Actors
Military
Militant
Groups
U. S. A
India

35. 1) Military
• Due to conflict in fata Pakistan military got following
advantages.
• Increase in budget
• Billion of dollars from NATO
• Advance technology and war weapons
• Military got power and strong position in state affairs
•
• Military to military relations with NATO allies
• Greater influence in this region

37. Rupeesinbillions
Years 920.2bn
920.2bn

38. 2) Militant groups:
• Militant groups got great funding from
enemies like India Israel etc.
• Using the region to regroup, reorganize and
rearm, they are launching increasingly
severe Cross-border attacks on Afghan and
international military personnel.
• They also gain strong position in this region
and peoples were afraid of them.

40. 3) U. S. A:
• This conflict accelerates the influence of America
in this region by turning this region into war and
pushing china back from investment.
•
• Blamed FATA and Pakistan as a center of Al
Qaeda, Afghan Taliban and other militant
groups.

41. 4) India
• Indian interests are the following
• To destabilize Pakistan
• To turn Afghanistan and Pakistan against
each other
• To convert focus of international community
and Pakistan from Kashmir issue
• To launch separatist movement in Pakistan

42. War in FATA and its Affects on different
parties
IDPs;
• The Military Operations in 2005 displaced about 80,000
• ‘Operation Zalzala’ displaced 150, 000 people,
• 23,000 inhabitants were put out of place from
Mohmand Agency in 2007,
• In 2008, 350,000 were displaced from Bajaur.
• 58,000 Natives moved out of Kurram Agency after
‘Operation Koh-e-Sufaid’ in 2007,
• In Khyber Agency various operations have displaced
75,000 residents.

44. Bajaur IDPS Camps in Mohmand agency

45. Lose of human lives;
• Hundred and thousand innocents of peoples lost
their lives.
• Suicides blasts and drone attacks killed hundreds
in kpk.
Economic lose;
• Local peoples lost their business and cattle of billion
of worth.
Effect on children’s;
• Thousands of children were forced to leave their
schools and were unable to get education.

46. Effect on culture;
• During this war Kalashnikov culture replaced the local
culture of Pashtuns based on peace and brotherhood.
Effect on Pakistan;
• Thousand of human lives loss,
• Billion dollars of lose in (infrastructure, money spend on
war) .
• Pakistan lost its trust in international community and is
recognized as a safe heaven for militants.
Effects on Military;
• Pakistani military lost thousand of skilled soldiers and
modern weapons in this war.

47. Efforts to bring peace in FATA
• Due to the collection of efforts the peace gradually
comes to the FATA by international, regional and
national actors.
.1 Regional Actors:
• In FATA peace building the main role play by its
regional actors.
• After the harsh situation, different steps had been
taken by its people for peace building.
•
A. peace committee (Amman committee)
• On regional level the first step which is organized by
people in name of peace committee.
• In this committee the elders also the part of
committee.

48. • They supported the Army in any place.
• Taliban escaped and the Army controlled the
area .
• The following committee helped in peace
keeping in FATA.
a.Salarzai Amman committee
b.pakistan zindabad committee

49. Salarzai Amman committee

50. Pakistan zindabad rally

51. pakistan zindabad committee

52. B..Youth students organizations:
• Different organizations of student's awarded
the people from the damage of war.
• They spread the slogan of peace .

54. 2. National Actors:
• When talibanization started in fata due to
Afghanistan war and also Taliban wanted sharia law
in fata.
• The government and Army decided to launch
oppression and to overtake the situation and
finished the terror era and established peace in fata.
• A successful oppression launched and due to this
the area became clear from terrorists.
• The following oppression lunched by Army. .
a) Radul passad
b) Zarb-e-Azab , etc.

55. • Different political parties also played role in normalizin
the situation in fata .
• For this purpose they reconciled the problem between
Army and Taliban.
• The government also support the Amman committee to
re-establish the peace in affected areas.
• They also support different organizations to work for this
purpose to support the effected people financially to re-
establish its houses, village and roads.

56. 3. International Actors:
• International actors also played important role in
peace building in fata.
• International actors supported the Pakistan
government financially .
• The Muslims countries also helped with government
in this harsh condition .

57. • China , Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey not in favour
of involvement of army in FATA because they
wanted that only path for this situation is peace.
• Different NGO’s works in fata for FATA development.
• The following NGO s work in FATA.
a) RLCIP
b) ACTED
c) UN development funds for FATA