4. +
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
■ Location : Eastern Asia
■ Population : 1,355,692,576
■ Ethnic groups: Han Chinese (91.6%), Zhuang (1.3%), other (the
Chinese government officially recognizes 56 ethnic groups 7.1%)
■ Languages: Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official), Putonghua
(Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei
(Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects,
minority languages
■ Government type: Communist state
■ Chief of State : President XI Jinping
5. +
Republic of China (ROC)
■ Location : Eastern China, islands bordering the East China Sea
■ Population : 23,359,928
■ Ethnic groups : Taiwanese (including Hakka 84%) , mainland Chinese (14%),
Indigenous (2%)
■ Languages : Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
■ Government type : Multiparty democracy
■ Chief of state : President MA Ying-jeou
■ Debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the
mainstream of domestic politics of Taiwan, Public opinion polls consistently
show a substantial majority of Taiwan people supports maintaining Taiwan’s
status quo for the foreseeable future
10. +
“One China” Policy
■ The “one China” Policy emphasis on the
notion that there is only one China
■ Since 1971, U.S. Presidents—both secretly
and publicly—have articulated a “one
China” policy in understandings with the
PRC
■ Not recognizing the PRC’s claim over
Taiwan or Taiwan as a sovereign state, U.S.
policy has considered Taiwan’s status as
unsettled.
■ U.S. policy focuses on the process of
resolution of the Taiwan question, not any
set outcome.
11. +
U.S-China Joint communiqués
■ 1972 Communiqué (Joint U.S.-China Communiqué Issued at Shanghai,
1972)
■ Principles of international relations
■ 1979 Communiqué (Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of
Diplomatic Relations between the United States of America and the
People’s Republic of China, January 1, 1979
■ The establishment of diplomatic relations on January 1, 1979
■ Reaffirm the principles of international relations
■ Broaden the understanding between two people: science technology,
culture, sports and journalism
■ Bilateral trade for mutual benefit
■ Stay in contact through various channels
■ 1982 communiqué (Joint U.S.-China Communiqué, August 17, 1982)
■ U.S arms sale to Taiwan
12. +
Taiwan Relation Act
■ The Taiwan Relations Act has governed U.S. policy
in the absence of a diplomatic relationship or a
defense treaty
■ Preserve and promote extensive, close, and friendly
commercial, cultural, and other relations between
US-Taiwan
■ TRA was the mandate to continue past
agreements and preserve the status quo
regarding Taiwan’s place in U.S. law
■ To declare that peace and stability in the area are in
the political, security, and economic interests of the
United States, and are matters of international
concern
■ provide the continuation of “unofficial” diplomatic
ties between the two societies.
13. +
The Sunflower Movement
■ Student movement 2014
■ protested passing of the Cross-Strait
Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA)
■ hurt Taiwan’s trading power
■ damage Taiwan’s credibility
■ proponents cite increased economic
relations
■ establishment of a law for supervising
cross-strait agreements before passing
the recent trade in services pact
■ 500,000 protesters
14. +
Between a ROC and a Hard Place
■ Taiwan military formed after WW2
■ Main goal: take back mainland China
■ Project National Glory 1965-1972
■ response to Great Leap Forward failure and
Vietnam incursion, China nuclear potential
■ Five Military Campaigns: Frontal area of the
enemy, Rear area special warfare, Surprise attack,
Take advantage of counterattack, Come to aid
against tyranny
■ 1971 - UN votes to replace ROC government with
PRC as legal representative of China
15. +
ROC Army
■ 26 large surface combatants
■ Air Force Superiority
■ air defense capabilities
■ 5.8 million personnel
■ US Sales
■ diesel submarines
■ maritime patrol
■ Black Hawk Helis
■ Apache Helis
16. +
3 Taiwan Strait Crises
1954-55: PRC seized the Yijiangshan Islands, forcing the ROC to
abandon the Tachen Islands.
■ 60,000 PRC troops in Matsu, threat of US nuclear forces
■ Formosa Resolution - Eisenhower unilateral action
1958: PRC shelled Kinmen and Matsu islands
■ US threatened nuclear response
■ PLA ran out of artillery shells, forced into stalemate
1995-96
■ Missile tests by PRC in waters surrounding Taiwan
■ Taiwanese President visited Cornell, denied a visa, then reversed
■ China upset, conducted missile tests 60 kilometers north of ROC-
held Pengjia Islet.
■ ammunition and amphibious assault exercises
■ US order increased naval presence in the region
17. +
People’s Liberation Army
■ 2.3 million personnel
■ Liaoning
■ Formed as Red Army of Workers and Peasants to fight ROC forces
■ 150 tanks; 6,600 armored vehicles, 1,200 self-propelled howitzer,
10,000 mortar, 4,000 multibarrel rocket launchers, 6,246 towed
howitzers, 1,531 antiaircraft artillery，8,000 anti-tank warfare and 453
helicopters
18. +
Exceeding the need for self-defense
■ Stationed over 1,400 tactical ballistic and cruise missiles
along southeastern coastline
■ ability to launch multiple salvos of precision strikes
■ Reconnaissance satellites, maritime patrol aircraft, and over-
the-horizon radar (OTHR)
■ Over 60 satellites in orbit for military navigation and
positioning, scientific research, meteorological purposes, and
reconnaissance and communications
■ Overt surveillance from shoreline provinces
■ Shore-based long-range anti-ship and surface-to-air missiles
to blockade Taiwan
■ Acquisition of large landing ships and hovercraft to occupy
outlying islands and invade if necessary
20. +
International Security
■ US counterterrorism ags. at ports through Taiwan’s
agreements ‘06 to participate in the Container Security
Initiative (CSI)
■ Megaports Initiative - detection of nuclear and radioactive
materials in cargo
■ Taiwan’s cooperation in nuclear and missile nonproliferation
efforts especially concerning Iran and North Korea
■ asked a Taiwan shipping company not to allow its ship
to transfer suspected weapons related cargo in Malaysia
that North Korea shipped via China bound for Burma
(Myanmar). Japan then seized the cargo
■ 2013, Taiwan increased the volume of crude oil imported
from Iran by 8.9%,
■ East China Sea Peace Initiative - Taipei-Tokyo, Taipei-
Beijing, and Beijing-Tokyo
21. +
De Jure
■ US does not support de jure Taiwan independence
■ supports its participation in international orgs.
■ World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) forum, and the Asian Development
Bank,
■ Taipei willing to host national missile defense radars to be
tied into the American system - not paying
22. +
China’s Economic system
■ The world's 2nd largest economy.
■ The most dominant sector of China’s economy :
manufacturing and industries
■ The world’s largest producer of agricultural products.
■ The world’s 2nd largest trading nation.
■ China’s economy is growing into multiple new sectors.
23. +
Taiwan’s economic system
■ The world's 18th largest economy.
■ Main Industry : Computer hardware, software, telecommunications and other
knowledge-based industries.
■ The world's second-largest producers of ICT(information Communication
Technology) goods.
The top 10 exports
24. Taiwan’s economic system
○ Taiwan's economy is highly dependent on trade.
○ The United States remains Taiwan's single most important trade partner. Also, trade
with mainland China expanded rapidly.
○ Taiwan has tried to expand trade, amid concern about the proliferation of regional
and bilateral FTAs that exclude.
Annual Change in Taiwan’s Real
GDP
and Real Exports of Goods and
Services: 2005-2013
25. +
Cross-Strait Economic Ties
■ In order to take advantage of economic growth and to improve the
chances of Taiwan entering into FTAs with other countries, the Ma
administration has sought to liberalize cross-strait trade and investment
barriers.
■ In 2010, the two sides signed the ECFA(Economic Cooperation
Framework Agreement) that seeks to significantly liberalize trade and
investment barriers over time.
■ The China as a trading partner for Taiwan is significant and has been
growing rapidly.
■ China is central to the supply chains of Taiwanese manufacturers, and 80
percent of Taiwanese foreign direct investment goes to China.
■ Taiwanese businesses have invested an estimated $150 billion in the
mainland since 1988. In 2009, Taiwan opened up one hundred of its
industries to mainland investments.
26. +
Cross-Strait Economic Ties
■ Taiwan's efforts to negotiate FTAs with its major trading partners
have proven unsuccessful, because of political opposition by China.
■ Growing economic integration with the PRC has raised concerns.
27. + Discussion Questions!
● Does America have an obligation to defend Taiwan if it's
attacked?
● What ways can the Taiwanese government further protect itself
from PLA incursion?
● Should the Chinese be subject to international sanctions if
military exercises within the Strait?
● Do you see an imbalance of military capability between the
world’s top superpowers and other countries shifting to an
eventual global conflict?
● How responsible is China to be globally transparent about its
military growth?
