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August 2008 Theoretical approaches and  empirical results from elder care nursing Martin Gartmeier University of Regensburg Institute of Educational Science Research Project “Workplace Learning” Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Prof. Dr. Hans Gruber und Prof. em. Dr. Helmut Heid   Negative knowledge at work
Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is negative knowledge? An example from a medical context  (Oser & Spychiger, 2005) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Theoretical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Theoretical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Theoretical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implications for the context of workplace learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative knowledge in elder care: The study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative knowledge in elder care: Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative knowledge in elder care: Results ,[object Object],Negative declarative knowledge: To know how something is not “ We sometimes see that as social isolation, but for the people themselves, it may be different. Maybe they enjoy being by themselves and need a larger degree of solitude.” Error:  To interpret a phenomenon in a wrong way (and react inappropriately).
Negative knowledge in elder care: Results ,[object Object],Negative procedural knowledge: To know what not to do “ Don’t administer the nutriment too fast, otherwise the person will have to throw up”. To know what must not be tolerated “ Don’t let the feeding tube become constipated or blocked in any way” Errors:  To act in a wrong way. To omit a  necessary  action .
Negative knowledge in elder care: Results ,[object Object],Negative vicarious knowledge: To know how somebody is not “ Some residents just don’t want to realize their situation, they want to keep up their image of being, e.g. a mayor”   Error:  To not respecting the individuality of a resident.
Negative knowledge in elder care: Results ,[object Object],Negative self-reflective knowledge: Knowledge about limitations of own competence and responsibility “ As a nurse, you don’t need to calculate the flux rate (the company supplying the nutrition calculates the rate)” .   Error:  Exceed limitations of one’s professional role (consequences: get stressed out; get into legal problems)
Negative knowledge in elder care: Conclusion Negative declarative  knowledge Negative vicarious knowledge Negative-procedural knowledge Negative self-reflective knowledge Taken together, negative knowledge is part of employees  error-knowledge  which comprises knowledge about possible and frequent workplace errors and about their enabling conditions.  It contains  situation specific  as well as more  general  components.  The results show that negative knowledge is a possibility to explain the capacity of professionals to  anticipate errors  and to act accordingly:  “ Forewarned is forearned” “ Danger pin-pointed, danger averted”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Negative knowledge in elder care: Discussion and Outlook
If you found the presentation interesting, you might like this paper: Gartmeier, M., Bauer, J., Gruber, H., & Heid, H. (2008). Negative  knowledge: Understanding professional learning and expertise.  Vocations and Learning, 1 (2), 87-103. Please ask me for free copies! Thanks for your attention!

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Negative Knowledge At Work

  • 1. August 2008 Theoretical approaches and empirical results from elder care nursing Martin Gartmeier University of Regensburg Institute of Educational Science Research Project “Workplace Learning” Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Prof. Dr. Hans Gruber und Prof. em. Dr. Helmut Heid Negative knowledge at work
  • 2.
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  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Negative knowledge in elder care: Conclusion Negative declarative knowledge Negative vicarious knowledge Negative-procedural knowledge Negative self-reflective knowledge Taken together, negative knowledge is part of employees error-knowledge which comprises knowledge about possible and frequent workplace errors and about their enabling conditions. It contains situation specific as well as more general components. The results show that negative knowledge is a possibility to explain the capacity of professionals to anticipate errors and to act accordingly: “ Forewarned is forearned” “ Danger pin-pointed, danger averted”
  • 15.
  • 16. If you found the presentation interesting, you might like this paper: Gartmeier, M., Bauer, J., Gruber, H., & Heid, H. (2008). Negative knowledge: Understanding professional learning and expertise. Vocations and Learning, 1 (2), 87-103. Please ask me for free copies! Thanks for your attention!

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