How Does Photography Shape Society

How Does Photography Shape Society
Photography has shaped society in many ways. It doesn't just serve the purpose of entertainment and
enlightenment; it also makes society aware of issues and events the world faces on a daily basis. In
this case documentary photography has not just made people all over the globe aware of these
issues; it also enforces the power of persuasion upon some to make a difference in society.
Photographs create a sense of realism and truth. Words can explain and create a mental picture in the
minds of readers or listeners, but images and documentary photographs connect us better with
individuals, nationally and even internationally. These photographs have the power to show people
the similarities of the human conditions around the world.
The year 1968 in America was a year full of turmoil and political uprising. Thus it was the pivotal
year of the sixties, when all of the nation's actions and impulses towards violence, idealism,
diversity and inequality peaked to produce the greatest possible hope and at the same time the worst
despair. The rest of the world also watched USA and South Africa struggle in the war for peace and
freedom. It was a time of social and race inequality. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ossip Brink stated in what the eye does not see that "then we will see our concrete reality". This
allowed society to see more than just the picture, those signs portrayed by the two athletes also
created a sense of reality of that time, thus semiotic ally showing the world the political, racial and
social conflicts in society. In South Africa people might have read about the similarities the Black
Americans are enduring, but pictures create a sense of truth and realness, that words cannot create. It
was assured by Roland Barthes: 'Language cannot give... this certainty; it cannot authenticate itself
whereas photography is an "authentication itself". Although there is nothing better to confirm reality,
it is a contingent
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Nazi Olympics Research Paper
The vast majority of my earliest memories consist of cheering on my favorite sports teams along
with my father. The weekends were dedicated to watching games, regardless of the sport or level of
the athletes. We would gather around the old box television and cheer on Notre Dame football and
basketball, Detroit Tigers baseball, and every two years, the U.S. Olympic teams. The Olympics
always bring out patriotic sentiments in Americans, and we were no exception. From Beijing, to
Vancouver, to London, to Sochi, to Rio, I recollect watching the nightly recaps with Bob Costas, and
checking the medal count, hoping to see the United States firmly situated in first place among the
many other competing countries.
However, sports is not the only field ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They took eleven Israeli athletes and coaches hostage, but killed two almost immediately after they
put up a fight (Davis). The world watched, transfixed, as the scene played out throughout the day.
German officials attempted to negotiate with the captors by pushing back deadlines by which the
Palestinians said they were going to kill the athletes. Eventually, a settlement was reached where the
captives were to be taken to an airport and flown to Egypt where negotiations could continue. The
Germans set up an ambush on the runway in an attempt to rescue the Israelis, but tragically, it
miserably failed and each athlete was murdered by their captors (1972: Munich and

Politics in Sports
The Olympic Games are a worldwide competition that brings people of different cultures and
backgrounds into one united area where they compete in their specialized sports. These events,
however, are not purely entertainment like they should have been. Today's societies are more
dependent on politics and therefore so are sports and the athletes competing, sometimes even
without their own will. In various occasions across the world politics was the main reason for
athletes to withdraw from athletic events such as the world cup, Olympics, and any other worldwide
or region wide competitions. On the other hand politics sometimes are the reason that some teams
re–establish themselves and get back into the world scene in sports. This two sided ... Show more
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The Mexico City Olympics in 1968 was a different yet similar incident where racism, closely related
to anti–Semitism in the way society views the rights of people of all races and kinds. United States
athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos, African American males, competed in the 200 meter race
and won first and third place respectively. When they went on the podium the men didn't wear their
shoes revealing black socks, they wore black track uniforms and when were given their medals they
revealed black gloves on their hands while putting their fists in the air as an act of representing the
Black Power movement. Later on the two athletes were banned from the Olympic village because of
their unfit political statement to the apolitical athletic forum the Olympics are supposed to be. This
statement created controversy that again stirred the athletic event away from its task of
entertainment into a worldwide argument. Politics again have been a disruption to the long awaited
athletic event. The Olympic committee had done the right thing by making an example of these
athletes and the committees' long run efforts to exclude politics from worldwide events; however, it
never acted on the Nazi salutes that the Germans used in the Berlin Olympics. Some may argue that
it was their country's national salute, but we all know today that it had a political background behind
it that shouldn't have been ignored. This incident had every sign of discrimination against the
African

Jesse Owen Carlos Research Paper
Have you ever been superfluous or unwanted to play a sport when you are good at the sport? Well
back in the 1930's Africans, Latinos, Cubans, well honestly anyone with a dark skin color not a dark
tan a dark skin color were banned in 1903 to 1946 in the organized sports leagues. While African
Americans and white Americans are both human races, they were both treated differently not only
when to came to sports but also life, as a human being, this however expanded the racism. There are
three differences of Jesse Owens a trackstar and John Carlos also a trackstar. Former track and field
athlete John Carlos an African American athlete. In 1968 during the medal presentation in Mexico
CIty, John Carlos was the 200 meter dash winner. At the presentation ... Show more content on
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Senior year in high school he became NewYork Cities sprint champion. Jesse wasn invited to his
first international competition in Trinidad. However Jesse Owens was born in 1913 on September
12, Jesse was born in Oakville, Alabama but when he was nine he and his family moved to get a
better opportunity aka (The Great Migration– when 1.5 million Africans moved from the segregated
South). Jesse took different jobs as delivering groceries, loading freight cars and worked at shoe
stores these of which when he was a young boy. Throughout his life Jesse was successful in track
with the encouragement of Charles Riley his junior track coach at Fairmont Junior High School.
Since Jesse worked at a shoe repair shop after school, Coach Charles allowed him to practice before
school instead. Without young men like Jesse Owens, John Carlos and many more that helped
contribute African, Cuban, Latino's then we would have not recognized their talents or would have
had African athletes like we do know and if we did it would have been a long time after the time
period of Jesse and

Defiance in Minorities of United States
The spoils of hegemony spread through the American landscape in those ebullient years following
World War II. The perks of empire–building abroad translated into an uninterrupted period of
economic growth and labor reforms that re–calibrated the national consciousness and allowed, for
the first time, the emergence of a middle class with sufficient autonomy and self–awareness to exert
political influence and correct the power imbalance that had characterized the first decades of the
20th century. This social Renaissance, however, had been distributed unevenly along racial lines,
and no government of the time sought to redress the disparity between white economic advancement
and the stagnant conditions imposed on social minorities, ossified as they were by decades of
systematic subjugation before society and before the law. Discontent seethed beneath black
communities, who felt increasingly isolated –and persecuted– by the same social institutions who
had demanded so high a sacrifice during the second World War, a sacrifice summoned and re–visited
by the looming threat of a war with Vietnam. The landmark Brown vs. Board of Education was seen
by many as a hollow victory, given the lethargic response of the Eisenhower administration to
enforce the legislation, particularly in the Southern states where racial tensions, unaddressed by the
larger cultural zeitgeist, had metamorphosed into open hostility and palpable contempt. An
American president would not align himself with the

Black Athletes In The Civil Rights Movement
Throughout the course of the civil rights movement, African Americans were making strides to
reach their goal of equality. As most movements go, there were a lot different factors that went into
this movement. Different people voicing their opinions as to what they thought equality was. Many
African Americans had something to say, but had no way of of voicing their stance. Many broke out
in protest and violence in an attempt to get their views across, but there were others that had their
own unique way of getting their point across. This paper will focus on black athletes and their fight
against discrimination, their fight for equality, how they were able to stay sane through it all, and the
reaction they gained throughout their attempt to fully integrate and to be socially accepted in sports.
There are two ways athletes were able to stand a fighting chance throughout the Civil RIghts
Movement. One way was through the aid of the government and the pressure that put on the ...
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Both Tommie Smith and John Carlos were banned for competing in the Olympic games. They were
also banned from participating with the Olympic team. Despite the amount of hatred they received,
this is an excellent example of black athletes standing up for what they believe in and making a
stance against human rights.
Insert more information about the OPRH's achievements
Insert effects Press on athletes
Insert primary sources and interviews corresponding to specific events such as oral hist.
Through people tend to remember individual action more often rather than when it's a group effort,
there were many cases where the United States government had to help push for the equality. A good
example of this can be seen in the making of the NFL. The last team to innergrade black players in
their sport was in 1962. The Washington Redskins was the last NFL team to integrate their

Media Influence On The Media
Sports have always been a leisurely activity, and a way to escape the reality of the world. But the
actions that certain athletes, teams and fans have taken, changed the potential that sports now hold.
Whether it is athletes that kneel during the national anthem, athletes that hold a fist in the air before
the beginning of the game, or fans who protest in unity; sports can be used to spread political
messages. Even so, the media has an influence on the way people perceive the message being
displayed, and in a sense, it may be up to the media whether or not they want to help spread the
messages being sent in sports across. For a long time now, there has only been a handful of athletes
that stand up for what they believe in and take action to express their thoughts to the public. This
was seen recently with the football player, Colin Kaepernick, who kneeled during the national
anthem to raise awareness with the issue of police brutality. This one action taken by the athlete
blew up out of proportion by the media, as a myriad of media sources made this event their headline.
However, in a turn of events, Kaepernick was then forced to leave on his own the NFL team, San
Francisco 49ers, because if he were not to leave on his own, the team would get rid of him instead.
The reason behind the team wanting to get rid of this player could be seen because of how the media
that may in a sense be trying to help spread the message, instead is seen as a threat by the football
team. Since

A Brief Summary Of 1968
"It is beyond any man's wisdom to judge the secret heart of another... for in it are good and evil
mixed" (Lloyd Alexander). This quotation describing the internal struggle of man is the very essence
of the year 1968. 1968 was a year of major breakthroughs in terms of technological and social
norms, but also a year where the United States was spiraling downward in political turmoil; the
nation had lost two of its most influential leaders, Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.,
leaving the country in utter despair and confusion, each citizen suspecting one another's every
motive. Tensions from the Cold War continued to exist, along with the arising foreign issues in
North Vietnam as well as North Korea. Before 1968, many American citizens ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
On September 30, 1968, America revealed the first 747 "Jumbo Jet" in Everett, Washington. The
aircraft, originally designed to haul both cargo and passengers for Pan Am Airways, was more than
twice the size of the Boeing 707. In order to assemble the flying behemoth, Boeing built the world's
largest structure by volume, enclosing 291 million cubic feet, at Paine Field in Everett ("Air and
Space"). Following the jumbo jet, on December 21, 1968, Apollo 8 was launched from Cape
Kennedy, Florida. Astronauts Col. Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders were on their
way to the moon, and by Christmas eve, these three men were able to orbit the moon ten times. The
launch of Apollo 8 became the first time photos of the Earth had been taken from deep space, and
the first time the lunar surface was broadcasted on television ("Air and Space"). These scientific
breakthroughs became a rare high note in a year filled with historically tragic events allowing for the
American people to see their country progressing and fulfilling the wishes of their lost president
John F Kennedy. In addition to innovative breakthroughs, 1968 brought forth the strong rise of
Black Power. During the national anthem of the 1968 Olympics, gold

Symbolism Of The Black Power Salute
In a world that appropriates and change every symbol until it's reduced to a sad, emojified shadow
of its former self, how will the raised fist salute face retain its intensity? Once an image of unity, has
morphed into a nebulous anything. The raised fist has become shorthand for indignation, whether
sincere or ironic, playful or deadly serious. It's easily found on soapy primetime TV, comedy shows
as on a smartphone keyboard. Once a sign of solidarity for the black civil rights movement, the
raised fist, now used by everyone from Winona Ryder to Donald Trump, has come to mean
everything and nothing at the same time. Riots, protests, demonstrations, rallies; pick the issue;
police brutality, racism, etc.; it's a sure bet a certain symbol will be ever–present. According to
special broadcasting service (SBS) article "factbox: what is the black power salute"; it states the
raised fist, also known as the black power fist is a logo generally associated with black nationalism
and sometimes socialism. Its most widely–known usage is by the Black Panther Party in the 1960s.
Amongst black rights activists, especially in the United States it has been called the black power
salute. The black power salute is known as a political gesture. At the 1968 Summer Olympics in
Mexico City, medal winners John Carlos and Tommie Smith gave the raised fist salute during the
American national anthem as a sign of black power, and as a protest on behalf of the Olympic
Project for Human Rights. Smith

Summary Of In The Land Of The Free
In the article In the 'land of the free' are you free to sit out the national anthem? Jaweed Kaleem
covers the story of San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick sitting during the national
anthem and the debate that came along with it. Kaepernick is a supporter and activist for Black
Lives Matter movement. While Kaepernick grew up with two white parents, his biological father
was African American. I support Kaepernick because many African American athletes feel like they
represent a country that does not represent them and because Kaepernick is just exercising his
freedom of speech that is written clearly in the first amendment of the Constitution.
Many African American athletes throughout the years have felt like they represent a country that
does not represent them. "In 1968 Olympic runners Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised their fists
in black power saluted while the national anthem played during a medal ceremony in Mexico City".
Then in "1972, Jackie Robinson made his own view known in an autobiography. 'I cannot stand and
sing the anthem. I cannot salute the flag. I know that I am a black man in a white world.'". Some of
the best athletes the U.S has ever had do not feel like they are represented like they ... Show more
Kaepernick explains that "' I am going to continue to stand with the people who are being
oppressed'". Kaepernick even explains that he is ready and willing to accept the consequences for
what he is doing. He is "'ready to have this conversation'" while many are not. Kaepernick is going
about expressing his beliefs in the correct way because he is not disrespecting anyone and is not
violating anyone else's rights by protesting. Right now Kaepernick is leading the movement for
African American Athletes like Eric Reid and Jeremy Lane to make a stand also. It takes one to start
a movement and many to actually make the

Smith And Carlos Death Threats
Based off information from a 1968 Olympics Black Power Salute, we learn that Smith and Carlos
were criticized and their families started receiving death threats. Smith and Carlos ended their
Olympic careers but they both played in the NFL for a short period of time. Smith became a coach
and is now a public speaker. Carlos stopped sports due to a bad knee injury which prevented him
from continuing. He hit hard times when his ex–wife committed suicide and he went into a state of
depression. He became a school counselor in 2012. Norman raced a few more times but then called
it quits and when he passed away in 2006, Smith and Carlos were pallbearers at his funeral. (1968
Olympics) Two documentary films were produced about the 1969 protest ... Show more content on
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Smith and Carlos showed how sometimes you have to sacrifice yourself for the betterment of
society. This protest also reminds us that if only the groups that want change make a stand, it will
take a lot longer for change to happen. Since Norman gave them the one glove idea and wore a
patch supporting human rights, he was the symbol for all others that need to help minority groups
get justice. He was a white Australian and risked his athletic career to help Smith and Carlos. We
can't expect minority groups to make all the sacrifices to make America to give all Americans equal
rights. Protests need to be a group effort by everyone if we want to make a difference. Even though
the were hated at first, there are sculptures and murals all around the world of this protest. People
are starting to see the impact that Smith and Carlos had on the world. They became an icon for
social movements and protests. Colin Kaepernick is the new Smith and Carlos. He noticed change
needed to happen so he risked his athletic career and image for the sake of is black brothers and
sisters who are being treated

The Legacy Of The Olympic Games
Kyle Walsh
History 261
Adam Johnson
3 April 2015
The Salute Seen Around the World For nearly as long as humans have been around, some form of
athletic competition has also existed. Dating back to the ancient Romans, people would travel from
all around to see their men compete. Since 1894, the International Olympic Committee has
organized the worldwide event we know as the modern Olympic Games. The games have for a long
time been a center point of many protests, revolving around the current events and arguments of the
time. American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos created one of the most iconic and socially
important Olympic protests at the 1968 Summer Games, when they raised their fists up while giving
the Black Panther salute on the podium. A gesture that has been celebrated, criticized, and discussed
to this day.
The Olympic Games are one of the most followed events in the world. As the games grew in
popularity and viewership, thanks to the improvements of technology throughout the 20th Century,
these protests became more recognizable. The Olympics create an international platform with one of
the largest viewing audiences of any TV event, making it very easy to send ones message to many
nations. Not only that, but the messages that the athletes would display were viewed at under a
closer scope, as they represent their countries. The protests and complaints made were looked at as
national headlines and other governments would often scrutinize the countries of the

1968 Dbq
During the 1960s our nation was going through many important and crucial events. From the
Vietnam War, to national politics, and even civil rights, our country was changing a lot. In particular
the year 1968 was a year that was filled with change, conflict, and turmoil. With events such as the
assassinations of prominent political and social leaders within the United States such as Dr. Martin
Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy to the Tet Offensive in Vietnam, and everything else in
between, 1968 proved to be a very challenging year for America. The events of 1968 didn't only
impact the period of time that they occurred in but they continue to influence society today.
Specifically, the topic of drug use today continues to be very controversial ... Show more content on
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Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't the only prominent societal figure who was assassinated as Robert F.
Kennedy suffered the same fate as King did. After Robert Kennedy's death his brother Edward paid
tribute to him and proceeded to speak fondly of his brother. Edward Kennedy described what must
be done in order to preserve the ideals of American society. Edward Kennedy preached his brothers
beliefs by saying that society is in control of the future and can mold it in whatever way they please.
However, hard work and reason would be required in order to shape our destiny(doc. 4). The
purpose for this was that Edward Kennedy wanted to try to preserve and keep alive his brothers
ideals as they had potential to change America for the better whether it be socially, economically, or
politically. Kennedy's death was a political turning point due to the fact that the country would end
up being ran by someone else other than Kennedy. This meant that America's focuses shifted and it
wa on route to a different future. A future that was quite different than what Kennedy would have
imagined and might likely would have occurred because he was tipped to win the election. So in
order to commemorate his brother and keep his ideals and values alive Edward Kennedy wanted to
give a last gasp public tribute to his brother. Assassinations aside, there were still some other
problems plaguing the country, one of those being drug use. In document 9 Arlene Sklar–Wein puts
her hallucinogenic

David Zirin: Video Analysis
In the videos sports journalist David Zirin spoke about a common myth that sports and politics don't
mix. Zirin likes to point out that sports and politics are so imbedded into each other that we as fans
don't even notice. Sports seem to contradict themselves when there are constant militarism and
patriotic acts being taken place at sporting events. Zirin pointed out military appreciation games
where those in attendance had the chance to enlist at the game as a place where sports and politics
mix. Zirin also speaks about how taking part in the game is often compared to war. The video had a
football player speaking about the game he had just played saying it was a war and the other players
were out to kill him and he was a soldier. By using these terms in a sports world, fans are exposed to
a glamorized war and political terms. This becomes a form of ... Show more content on
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Muhammed Ali was one athlete that Zirin discussed in depth about his opposition towards the
Vietnam War. Ali was so influential that Martin Luther King would quote Ali in his speeches. Also
many activists thought that Ali's comments were at times so controversial that it would cause these
movements to loose support in the white house. Zirin also spoke about athletes and the abilities to
protest. At the time of the interview the topic of protest was the Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.
Russia had enacted laws that would put anyone participating in gay propaganda in jail. When Zirin
was asked if athletes should protest these games, he said that athletes should use this as a platform
for LGBT rights. Zirin spoke about John Carlos who performed the black power salute at the 1968
Summer Olympics, who said if he had stayed home then no one would know his name or story.
Carlos will forever be remembered for the role he played in both sports and politics. These two
terms will never be separated from John Carlos'

African Americans From The Civil Rights Era Essay
Delana C. Henry Prof. Kim L. Dulaney Cultural Diversity 1020.51 2 October 2015 African
Americans 1968–Present Introduction "We 're not Americans, we 're Africans who happen to be in
America. We were kidnapped and brought here against our will from Africa. We didn 't land on
Plymouth Rock – that rock landed on us" (Malcolm X). This quotation symbolizes the sentiments of
many African Americans past and present who were involuntarily brought to the shores of the
United States of America. Since arriving here, African Americans have been mistreated,
misinformed, misguided, misplaced, and misunderstood more than any other ethnic group that has
set foot on these soils. In this paper, I will attempt to provide a brief history and describe the
timeline of African Americans from the Civil Rights Era until the present day. Coming to America
History.com explains that Africans first came to America in the year 1619 as indentured servants in
Jamestown, Virginia. These indentured servants voluntarily contracted to work for a set amount of
time in exchange for their freedom. To provide a cheaper form of labor, in beginning of the 17th
century, the European settlers opted to capture slaves from the western shores of Africa to work for a
small fraction of the cost they were paying indentured slaves. The numbers of slaves that were
brought here was estimated to be between 6 and 7 million in the 18th century. Slaves were used for
many types of work such as, picking cotton, harvesting

National Anthem Protests
Faraz Ahmed
John Wietting
English 6297
15 October 2017
Are National Anthem Protests Good for Democracy? Many people especially media pundits
chastised Colin Kaepernick after refusing to honor the national anthem. The incident raised
discussions about class, races, and violence in the country. Surprisingly enough, other athletes
supported Kaepernick for his actions however they continued to stand for the national anthem
claiming it as his democratic right since he is a citizen of the country. World's best sportsmen have
led by example, for instance, tommie smith and John Carlos in their black power salutes stood
against Vietnam war.
Although many sports stars faced criticism for their public stand, it is in their position that they were
able to fight racism that was very rampant, especially after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther
King Jr. besides, dishonoring the national anthem affects sports and insults many fans. During the
playing of the national anthem, Smith and Carlos held black–gloved fists up. Although this was
meant to reject the tragedies in the country, it worked against them as they got expulsion from
sports. However, much of these people trying to fight for the betterment of the country should avoid
disrespecting the national anthem. This is because it causes a negative impact on their side, for
example, Kaepernick was rated the most hated player in NFL after his public protest. They can make
a more significant and meaningful difference without dissing the

American Patriotism : The Ideas Of American Patriotism
American identity can be identified as the ideas you believe in, the culture you follow, or the land
you live in. It is essential in order to be a part of a cultural group, but is not always good, especially
when referring to the racism often linked to the American identity as a whole. Many Americans are
seen as racist towards different ethnic groups ever since the 1400's when Europeans discovered the
Americas and colonization started. Since then, there has been slavery and other discriminatory ideas
dividing the country, although it may not always be so apparent. It is because of the inequalities in
this country that patriotism has arisen as a problem for many people. Patriotism has the potential to
be a good thing, but when taken to the extent that some people take it, it turns into something bad.
Americans always like to see themselves as sensible and pragmatic when dealing with the country's
issues, however, this doesn't always come through to others who feel that the treatment of many of
the Americans from different ethnicities is unequal to that of the white Americans. As human beings,
being able to belong to a group is very important, therefore, we have made the term American
citizen pretty broad. However, despite being coined a melting pot of cultures, America could be
argued as more of a salad bowl. We are all together, but also kept apart at the same time. From the
very beginning, America has been built on the idea that white Europeans are superior to any other

Racism In Sports
It is in our past, our present, and possibly the future. Racism is prevalent in all aspects of our
society, but specifically in our sports. Racism in sport has evolved and had many significant
breakthroughs since the nineteenth century to the present day. However, it continues to change in a
way that we have not quite overcome the discrimination and prejudice ways. Sports are a reflection
of how our society is developing and the progression of racism in sports is one major reflection on
our society's changes.
19th Century
This time period was known for slavery, the African Americans did not have any legal rights, and
were not thought of as equal in society. Once slavery ended in 1865(1), there was many restrictions
for black athletes. Many had to play in substandard environments, minor leagues, but most were
restricted to participate at all (2). Many african americans settled to sit on the minor league teams
roster, while tolerating an excessive amount of harassment. In the 1890s African Americans got
banned from all major and minor sports. Many of the most successful athletes refused to compete
against those of colour. John Sullivan was a competitive, successful boxer and his top opponent was
an Australian black man, Peter Jackson, who Sullivan refused to fight. As well the best cyclist in the
1890's was Marshall W. Taylor, whom went on to be banned in all major sports despite all of his
winnings(3). The formation of the "Negro League" was introduced because they were

History Of The 1968 Olympics In Mexico City
The 1968 Olympics in Mexico City black power salute was an act of protest by the African
American athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal ceremony. Tommie Smith and
John Carlos were both students at San Jose State University. What Smith and Carlos had done was
one of the most memorable moments in the American Civil Rights Movement. Carlos recalls, "What
was truly special was not the statue, but how it came about. Students on campus organized a
movement that made the statue happen."
On October 2005, San Jose State University had unveiled a 22–foot statue in honor of the former
students, Tommie Smith and John Carlos. The statue showed Smith and Carlos frozen, fists aloft,
exactly as they had stood 40 years earlier on the Olympic Podium in Mexico City. The second place
podium (where Peter Norman would have stood) is blank because he had requested that his space
was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smith and Carlos wore gloves to represent black America, and they had removed their shoes and
wore black socks to symbolize the poverty that was going on in the black American community.
Smith wore a scarf and Carlos a bead necklace representing lynching. When the national anthem
started playing, Smith and Carlos had bowed their heads and raised their black– gloved fists, which
according to Smith "stood for the power in black America." Because they had courage and they were
unafraid to express and protest the poor treatment African American people in the states were going
through, they had suffered consequences. Millions of their fellow Americans were outraged which
resulted them in getting suspended from the U.S team. When they were getting off the podium they
were booed by the crowd, and Smith had said, "If I win, I am American, not a black American. But
if I did something bad, then they would say I am a Negro. We are black and we are proud of being
black. Black America will understand what we did

African American Civil Rights Movement Analysis
In the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, three men took a stand in hopes to unite as a group of people.
To ensure that there was justice for all, this stand was taken of black people firming their dignity, not
just black power. When the salute happened, all three men received a lot of hate and wrath of this
courageous stand, but they brought awareness globally to this topic which helped during this time of
the Civil Rights Movement. People in the 1960s, especially African Americans were not treated
fairly and there was a lot of segregation. Also during this time, African Americans were on the rise
of being involved in sports at all levels. This however didn't grant them more equality or respect for
being an athlete. "African American athletes remained second–class ... Show more content on
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These signified power within black America, black unity, blackness, and poverty of those growing
up like the two men did. They are taking their stand, not only for civil rights, but for human rights
more specifically. This stand was the Olympic Project for HUMAN rights. The actual race itself
took less work than preparing mentally to take this stand. The men knew that it could easily end
their lives, and it would change everything from this point on. Peter Norman also was a part of
taking this stand. The second place runner in this race wanted to be involved as well. Standing in the
tunnel waiting for the ceremony to start, the three men were talking and Peter wanted to be a part of
something this great. He, although didn't put his fist in the air or wear black socks without shoes,
was a part. He wore a patch on his jacket supporting the OPHR (Olympic Project for Human Rights)
which was noticed by many. Noticed so much by people in his hometown in Australia, he also
received death threats and had to take on major life changes after this

Peaceful Protest In The United States
In recent years, the issue of peaceful and violent protests has arisen in the United States of America,
and from these protests, a question has arisen: how do these peaceful protest affect our free society?
The answer to this controversial question lies in the meaning of peaceful protest and application of
this definition. Civil disobedience, or a peaceful protest, is the orderly and nonviolent purposeful
violation of laws in order to change a law or governing system. This practice has been used to
change the opinion of the citizens or the government. The repeated use of civil disobedience has led
to our society's improvement as a whole and has impacted the USA positively; these impacts are
seen in the acts of the 1968 Olympic Medalists, Tommie ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Both football players show disobedience not to a law but to set precedents in an effort to give
support to a very important issue in today's society and give light to a topic which is often covered
up or ignored; there is no way for these actions, with these intents and outcomes, to damage or
discredit a free society, for they are used to defend this society. Peters, Kaepernick, Carlos, and
Smith all shared one rebellion: fighting for their rights through their actions. This rebellion left a
positive impact on how the government and the people perceived their cause; without these
rebellions, debates and discussions would not occur, and change would not take place. It is through
change that society advances however change is not always welcome, but it must occur, so when
necessary change is not in favor of the governing body's interest, people must speak out to spark
change. If that fails, civil disobedience is the solution. This act is a step toward maintaining a free
society and is the only way to properly do so in drastic

White People In To Kill A Mockingbird
In today's day and age, the United States of America is seen of as the land where every human being
is treated fairly. However, it was not always like this and America was considered to be one of the
most racist countries in the world up until the 1980's. From 1885 to 1968, when the Jim Crow laws
were in place, black people were segregated from whites and were treated like second class citizens.
However, black people fought for equality all throughout the Jim Crow era and finally succeeded
after the civil rights movement in the 1960's. Blacks in the American South sought to improve their
lives by supporting and helping white people that had helped them before, by joining the American
military, and by protesting against segregation and their rights. One way that the blacks could
improve their lives is by supporting white people, especially white politicians that acknowledge who
they are and try to do something to help them. In the book "To Kill a Mockingbird", Atticus Finch is
well respected by the black community after he attempts to defend Tom Robinson, a black man
accused of murder. It says in the text, "I looked around. They were standing. All around us and in
the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet" (Page 215). That quote tells
the reader how desperately the black community in Maycomb is to create a name for themselves by
respecting well known white members of the community. Respecting white people was the first step
that the blacks

African Americans And The Civil Rights Movement
Mitchell Thomas
Ms. Conley
English 12
3 March 2015
Research paper Many Americans try to pretend that just because slavery has come to an end and the
Civil Rights movement occurred that racism has just suddenly vanished, but that 's not the case. A
person is not born racist, it is taught while growing up in a racist environment. It is a learned
behavior of hate towards someone not you. Racism is very evident in men 's professional sports
today but also had an even greater effect in the past. There was a point in time where African
American males were not allowed to participate in professional sports and they were shunned and
labeled as outcasts who did not have the decency to step on the same field, court, or ring. Now that
they are allowed to participate in professional sports African Americans have to deal with a great
deal of racism in today 's society which brings about many controversies such as riots, banning of
athletes, team fines, and the sale of teams. In today 's society sports has great influence, effect and
power which can serve as a bridge for the gap between racism and discrimination. Racism will
never fully go away, but as a society work can be done to lessen the problem and come to a point
where it is so minuscule it wouldn 't even be a thought. People can 't change the world unless they
change themselves. It starts with the people first. Racism comes from the thought and teachings that
people are less than human. It is a thought that plagues minds

The Importance Of Free Speech
The foundation of the United States of America can be boiled down to 3 historical documents. Those
3 documents are the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. The
Bill of Rights serves to protect the rights of the individual. From the freedom of the press to the
freedom to bear arms. One of the most debated rights or freedoms was the right to free speech.
Americans have debated what exactly the right to free speech entails since the bill of rights was
written in 1792 by James Madison. Strictly speaking, freedom of speech is protected by the First
Amendment which states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech . . ." (U.S. Constitution).
What exactly free speech protects or doesn't protect has evolved over the course of America's
history. Free speech is one of the most important individual rights and therefore when free speech is
possibly threatened or infringed upon it is a big deal especially when the person in Question who
could possibly be impinged on Free Speech is the President of the United States. The situation in
question surrounds the NFL players protesting the National Anthem through various actions. Many
people felt that the players were disrespecting the flag, the country, and the soldiers who fight to
protest the country. President Trump responded to this situation during a September 22nd rally in
Alabama stating that

Black Power Salute Essay
The Olympics are held every four years and are used as a global stage for many thousands of
sportsmen and women who come from many different countries around the world to demonstrate
their abilities ranging from running to rowing. In theory, the Olympic Games are supposed to be free
from any politics and be purely about the athlete's competition and celebrations. It is supposed to be
non–gender, non–religion and non–race biased to show the accomplishment of the athletes that
compete. Sporting officials are also supposed to be un–biased offering equal opportunities to all
athletes.
In the 1968 Olympic Games held in Mexico City, this was not the case as two black American
athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos made a silent political ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It was written for white people." These two men had been condemned, insulted and both received
death threats. A few hours after they were verbally attacked by the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) that had been reported saying "It was a deliberate and violent breach of the fundamental
principles of the Olympic spirit."
The quote "Black America will understand what we did tonight" by Tommie Smith was said before
their return to the United States. They did not expect a backlash from black Americans. But they
were sadly mistaken because there were a wide variety of mixed views among blacks because of
what they did. True, many received them as heroes but some also felt that they had infringed the
Olympic spirit by bringing politics into it. Yet many supported that they were against racial
discrimination but thought that the Olympics was neither the time nor the place for a silent protest
like this. They were being treated as outcasts and struggled to earn a living. Both their marriages
broke up and Carlos's wife committed suicide. This protest by the two athletes has been interpreted
as an "act of disloyalty." Smith describes this act, not out of disloyalty but as a "need to bring
attention to the inequality in our country. I don't like the idea of people looking at it as negative.
There was nothing but a raised fist in the air and a bowed head, acknowledging the American flag –
not symbolizing a hatred for it."
He also

Analyzing Kaepernick's Violation Of Racism
Everyone have the right to do things that they want as long as they think is the right thing to do for
them and we all have freedom and freedom of speech. The reason that he is doing this because was
adapted by white people and he lived in the white neighborhood What Kaepernick is telling people
that he does not care about the national anthem.The NFL Football player refused to stand of the
national anthem because there is a racial inequality. And he decide to hot stand for the national
anthem.
Kaepernick have a white mother and a black father, he was adopted by a white couple. He has been
struggle about race with other people, because he was in the white neighborhood.That is what made
Kaepernick thinks that there is still racism going on."Kaepernick

The Movie ' The Star Spangled Banner '
Since the early 1900s, the playing of "The Star–Spangled Banner" is an opportunity for citizens to
honor their country and reflect on the great liberties that they are afforded. It sounds simple but the
anthem has become complicated. This is America 2016, a time where police officers are getting
away with murder and a businessman is elected as our president. When the quarterback of the San
Francisco 49ers Colin Kaepernick decided to not stand for the playing of the national anthem in the
pre–season game of the NFL, he was the first athlete to vividly illustrate his outrage over the police
brutality stirring within the American population. His actions have led to a wave of athlete protests
who are joining to exercise their constitutional rights and help fight against an issue bigger than
sports. However, there are many citizens attacking the silent protests with violent threats and are
calling the participants disrespectful. While the controversy has centered on the playing of "The
Star–Spangled Banner," it has been overlooked that the problem is really with the entire country and
the cultural divisions that exist in today's society. Although many patriotic fans are criticizing and
denouncing his actions, Kaepernick and many other protesters are making a difference by standing
against the oppression of minorities and social injustices that are gripping our nation. After
Kaepernick protested against the national anthem, it inspired many athletes to join his silent actions.

As a son of a sharecropper and grandson of a slave, Jesse...
As a son of a sharecropper and grandson of a slave, Jesse Owens created History in 1936 when he
achieved what no athlete had done before: four Olympic Gold Medals. (jesseowens.com). During
this era, the United States had limited civil rights and was approaching a World War with Hitler
rising into power in Germany. Although Owens was victorious on the track, because of the color of
his skin, He was looked down upon and unrecognized by even his own country. Through the
excessive racism, one may ask how Owens moved forward and dealt with such negativity in a
situation that should have been celebrated.
Henry and Emma Alexander Owens gave birth to James Cleveland Owens on September 12, 1913 in
Alabama (www.jesseowens.com). At the age of nine, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite such success, Owens did not have the privilege to the luxuries of his fellow white
teammates. Owens had to stay in "black–only" hotels and restaurants. And although he deserved it,
he was not offered any scholarships because he was Black and therefore was forced to work part
time in order to pay for his education.
On May 25th, 1935 Jesse Owens set three world records in a span of forty–five minutes at the Big
Ten Championships in Ann Arbor(www.jesseowens.com). Despite his sore back that day, he
achieved a 9.4 second victory in the 100–meter dash, long jumped 26 ft. 8 ¼ inches, sprinted at 20.3
seconds on the 220–meter sprint, and succeeded in the 220–yard low hurdles at 22.6 seconds.
Owens's achievement stands as perhaps the best single–day accomplishment of any track–and–field
athlete history. Because of such great success, Owens entered the 1936 Olympics that were to be
held in Berlin, Germany.
Hitler was rising into power in Germany and it is said that he tried to use the Olympics in order to
show the world a resurgent Germany (www.jesse–owens.org). Nazi propaganda promoted concepts
of "Aryan racial superiority" and depicted Africans as inferior. Hitler wanted the entire world to
believe that the Aryan people were a dominant race. Owens had different plans, as he achieved four
victories during the Track and field Olympics. On August 3rd Owens won the 100–meter dash at
10.35 seconds against Ralph

The 1968 Black Power Rebellion
This year's topic for NHD was Leadership and Legacy, and the topic I chose was the 1968 Black
Power Salute. The Black Power Rebellion has had an impact on other athletes and their civil
disobedience actions. My NHD topic relates to Leadership and Legacy because the black power
rebellion gave hope to all of the African–Americans that one day they could all be equal. The
"Legacy" part of the topic comes from their mark that they left from holding up the black power
sign during the 1968 National Anthem. The three superstar athlete's motive for doing such an action
was they wanted to show that no matter your race you are able to have equal rights. The glove they
wore on their hand was black, this also known as The Black Power Sign. Peter Norman

Outline Of A Speech On Civil Rights
Kaija Scheuerman
COMM 105–BO2
Informative Speech Outline
I. Introduction
A. In 2016, there were almost 1,400 recorded arrest related deaths, and in arrest African American
people are three times more likely to be killed than white people (Banks, 2016).
B. Racism is an age–old issue that was named during the Civil War, fought during the 1960s, and is
still lingering in modern society.
C. I'm not African American, but I am an ally; I have friends and loved ones who are African
American, and I cannot stand by and watch people die.
D. This speech is about civil inequality in the 1960s, the importance of standing up against it, and
how discrimination is still very much woven into the fabric of our society today.
II. Body of Presentation
A. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
d. The gesture was seen as a "Nazi–like salute", an expression of anger, a symbol of black power, or
just bad manners (Hoffer, 162).
e. Carlos and Smith were kicked out of the Olympic Village and blacklisted for the rest of their
careers (Carlos, 124).
B. This photo emphasizes the importance of silent protest and the power of gesture, political
climates experience incredible shifts with movements such as these.
1. It was the start of decades of political protests and civil inequality.
2. Recently, another form of silent protest has been occurring called the "Take a Knee" Movement in
2017 (Smith, 2017).
3. It started with the NFL player Colin Kaepernick and when he decided to kneel during the national
anthem.
4. The purpose of this silent movement was to protest police brutality (Smith, 2017).
5. Currently, athletes everywhere are kneeling during the national anthem.
C. This photo called attention to the issues in civil equality that are still prevalent today, it was the
start of a very long fight for equality.
1. This photo is important especially within the context of the Black Lives Matter and Take a Knee
movements that are occurring.
2. Like the 1968 Olympic Games, millions of Americans are ostracizing these athletes for
disrespecting the flag and the overall country (Brown, 2017).

3. This photo and the subsequent Take a Knee movement show how powerful gesture and silent
protest is.
a. A raised fist was nothing more

Civil Rights Movement In The 60's
The first amendment gives Americans the right to freedom of speech whether that means verbally or
nonverbally. Before learning about the different types and ways to protest, I always thought it was
just giant groups of people that walked around chanting and holding signs. I had the privilege of
learning that being silent as well as non verbal gestures count as protesting too. During the 1960s,
there were many movements taking place such as: The Civil Rights Movement, Anti–Vietnam War
movement, Women's Movements, and Gay Rights movement. All of these movements changed
government policies and helped shaped the way Americans live today. Americans started to realize
that relying on Government officials to make the decisions for everyone wasn't ... Show more
When Carlos realised he had forgotten his black gloves, Norman suggested the two share Smith's
pair. He then asked what he could do to support them, and Carlos managed to get an additional
badge, which Norman attached to his track suit, over his heart. After the ceremony, Norman
explained himself simply: "I believe that every man is born equal and should be treated that way
(Carlson). What people often forget about is the fact that Smith pulled a muscle in the semi–final
two hours before the final but managed to push through the pain and still beat the world record by
two tenths of a second according to the Chicago Tribune article Smith and Seagreen Win Gold
Medals. (Strickler) A legacy written about both Smith and Carlos goes in great detail about what
each part of their protest represented. It says, "Tommie Smith raised black gloved fist presented
black power, the knotted black scarf around his neck represented pride and the box in his left hand
contained an olive tree sapling which stood as an emblem of peace. John Carlos's raised left black
gloved fist represented unity in black America, and the beads around his neck signified lynching
suffered by blacks. Both men wore black socks but were shoeless during the ceremony to represent
the black poverty

How The Olympic Games Have A Better Place By Encouraging...
Olympic Games
This paper is going to evaluate the extent on how the Olympic Games have lived up to the ideas and
goals of olympisim. The paper will also evaluate key factors that have affected the Olympic Games
and how it has affected the games. The paper will include on how racism have affected the Olympic
Games.
Olympisim
The idea of Olympism was set up more than 120 years ago by Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the
modern Olympic Movement. He did this because he wanted to make the world a better place. He
believed that this can be done though sport. He believed sport could help bring communities
together, stop wars and promote healthy competition free from cheating and discrimination.
Ultimately Coubertin wanted to show how sport can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Olympism tells us that sport is a universal human right and we all should be free to practice it.
Olympism is a great way to show how everyone in the world can better themselves. Pierre de
Coubertin said; "Olympism is not a system it is a state of mind. It can permeate a wide variety of
modes of expression and no single race or era can claim to have the monopoly of it".
(http://olympians.org/woa/olympism/ )
Olympism was formalised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC. The IOC established on
23rd June 1894 and it continues to promote Olympism around the world.
(http://olympians.org/woa/olympism/). The WOA, honours the Olympic spirit by helping the 142
NOAs around the world run projects and events that support Olympians and that promote Olympism
in the community.
Olympic ideas and goals
Goals of the Olympics is to break down barriers that could raise from, political, gender, race, or
social background though sport. This allows everyone to be able to live together happy and to make
a more free world for everyone. They will do this by educating youth through sport without
discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires an mutual understanding with
the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.
Idea that they Olympics have wanted to achieve, was that men and woman are equal and are able to
compete. This was finally achieved in London 2012. Where the same number of men and woman
competing, first time that this has happened been mainly

Before The Eyes Of The World : Mexico And 1968 Olympic Games
Before the 1968 Olympics, the world was in chaos. Countries had internal and external problems
that were carried on to the Olympic stage. Issues like the Cold War, South Africa apartheid, and the
Civil Rights movement took part in forming the games and taking the stage. However, the host of
the Olympics, Mexico, was in for a rude awakening. First, they had to prove to the world that they
were capable of hosting the games. Second, they had to handle the worlds issues and their own too.
Mexico's problems consisted of the effect of high altitude on athlete's performance and student
protests. These concerns are all discussed in Kevin Witherspoon's book, Before the Eyes of the
World: Mexico and the 1968 Olympic Games. Witherspoon argues how global and internal disputes
were able to impact Mexico in how they handled the most watched event. Witherspoon organized
his book into six chapters. Within the chapters, he provides different subtitles that correlate with the
main subject of the chapter. Chapters one through four are significant topics that are controversial to
the Olympics; Civil Rights movement, Tlatlolco, and the South Africa apartheid dispute. It is not
until chapter five where readers are able to see the triumphant outcome of the '68 Olympics. The last
chapter focuses on the many accomplishments of the first Latin America country to host the
Olympics, while demonstrating the internal and external obstacles it faced in order to proceed to
host the extravagant Olympic

Protesting Against Racism at the 1968 Olympics Essay
Protesting Against Racism at the 1968 Olympics
Demonstrators and protesters vary from religious, environmental, social, civil, and political rights
groups. They use the Olympic games to get their message or beliefs across to a larger viewing
public. Some demonstrations and protests are quite peaceful, while others, are chaotic and often lead
to violence. These individuals can be seen as early as the opening ceremonies and as late as the
closing ceremonies of the Olympics. Many athletes also have demonstrated their support to some of
these groups. Tommie Smith, John Carlos, Cathy Freeman, and Naim Suleymanoglu, just to name a
few, are among the individuals who have exercised their beliefs in social, civil, and political rights
of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smith and Carlos, who finished first and third in the 200–meter run, bowed their heads, wearing
black socks and black leather gloves, raised their fist in the Black power salute as the Star Spangled
Banner played and the American flag was raised. Their actions were a protest against racism in the
U.S. Later, Smith concluded that their actions were not of a Black power salute, but an Olympic
project for human rights. He also stated that the Black–gloved fists represented African–American
pride, and their black socks were a testament to poverty encountered by African–Americans during
those times (Boogard, 2000,p. D1). The U.S. organizing committee immediately removed Smith and
Carlos from the track and field team as a result of their protest. Smith and Carlos however took
advantage of their day in the spotlight and made news around the world. They stood for something
that is needed to be corrected, which was racism, and took a stand. Over the years, the tensions of
racism slowly decreased in the U.S., as a result of one of the biggest nationwide protest ever seen.
Naim Suleymanoglu, also known as "Pocket Hercules," is another athlete who used the Olympic
games to represent oppression among his countrymen. Naim grew up as part of the Turkish minority
in Bulgaria, where he trained to be the most dominant weightlifter in his weight class for many
years. He would have been a sure gold

Research Paper On 1968 Olympics
Secondary Source Cosgrove, Ben. The black power salute that rocked the 1968 olympics. Time, 27
September 2014. Web. 28 August, 2016. This article is the black power salute that Smith, Carlos,
and Norman that the 1968 olympics. "We were just human beings who saw a need to bring attention
to the inequality in our country," Smith said years later." This quote gives us more information about
why those three athletes did the stand. Crumpacker, By John. "OLYMPIC PROTEST: Smith and
Carlos / Statue Captures Sprinters' Moment / San Jose State Honors Protest of Oppression." SFGate.
N.p., 18 Oct. 2005. Web. 13 Sept. 2016. In this article the a statue of some of the first African
American olympians Smith and Carlos. San Jose state welcomed this statue due to the fact that it
was the very first real sign of oppression against racism. This statue also represents how the city of
San Jose accepted John Carlos oppression to racism in 1936. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Dr. John Carlos Raises His Fist With Occupy Wall Street." The Nation. The Nation, 11 Oct. 2015.
Web. 13 Sept. 2016. In this article it gives us a perspective on how people react when they meet
such a public and older idol is still pretty important in 2011. This gives us a view on how people
react to meeting such a public figure. "Olympic Athletes Who Took a Stand." Smithsonian
Magazine. Smithsonian, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016. This article basically gave Carlos's and Smith's
whole position on what they were doing up there on the podium. This article allows me to see what
happend to go through their heads upon the

Not Just A Game: Power, Politics And American Sports
Sports have always been my passion throughout my life. Because of this, Not Just A Game: Power,
Politics & American Sports, had the biggest impact on me. Throughout the film, they discuss a
number of important topics that include race, deviance, media, gender, history, violence, and
militarism. The movie captured the complexity of sports, in so doing it; the film discusses the
negotiation, the compromise, and the power game that is in American sports. According to Jessie
Owens, "Politics has no part to play on the field of strife of competition"(1). Jessie Owens was
wrong because every time a professional team wins their championship the team goes and pays a
visit to the president in the White House. The president even throws out the first ... Show more
Before this class I knew who Tommie Smith and John Carlos were but not what they stood up for.
Everyone knows that iconic photo of John Carlos and Tommie Smith on the podium accepting their
medals during the 1968 Olympics, but not many know the significance of what they were doing.
Both athletes took their shoes off, but kept on black socks to represent black poverty. Tommie Smith
wore a black scarf to show black pride and John Carlos unzipped his tracksuit to represent solidarity,
and he even wore beads around his neck to represent all of the people that were lynched, or killed.
Both men wore a black glove and when The Star–Spangled Banner played, gave the black power
salute with their heads down. According to Tommie Smith, "We were just human beings who saw a
need to bring attention to the inequality in our country"(1). Smith and Carlos both saw a problem
that was not talked about a lot in the U.S. and saw an opportunity to show the world what was really
going on. The International Olympic Committee or IOC for short made the two men leave
immediately and banned them for life. Other athletes who fought for civil justices and are not talked
about a lot are Jackie Robinson and Muhammad Ali. Everyone knows Jackie Robinson and how he
was the first person to break the MLB color barrier but not many talk about what he had to go
through to

The Olympics 's Impact On The Olympic Arena
Ever since its inception in 1896, the Modern Olympics has hosted an invisible sport: politics. The
Olympics calls for "a halt to all conflicts ... [and to] strive towards a more peaceful world," but
politics soon spoiled its biennial message. "As the Olympics continue to dissolve into ... a political
competition ... they no longer ... justify the time and trouble," Dave Anderson, Pulitzer Prize winner
for his sports column, wrote in the New York Times in 1984. The Olympic spirit has routinely been
used as an outlet for political agendas. With political and Olympic ambitions intersected, the great
international sports festivity negatively affects all nations involved. World leaders frequently use the
Olympic arena as a stage for international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boycotting has been used throughout history as an instrument for foreign policy. "For any Olympics
to be a true Olympics, all the world's nations should be represented," said Anderson. "Not ... those ...
on one side or the other of political barbed wire." As a result of boycott, the essence of the games–
competition–diminished. At the 1980 Olympics where the United States decided to stay home, the
Soviet Union swept 195 medals–the largest won in history–followed by the United States in 1984
with 174 medals, when, by no surprise, the Soviets decided to miss. Ironically, the spirit of the
Olympics turned cold alongside the Cold War. "[The domination as a result of boycott] diminished
any accomplishments in working hard," said Al Oerter, a four–time Olympic gold–medal winner.
The Olympic Games quickly turned into a game for politicians, not the athletes. James Montague,
the 2009 Best New Writer, wrote in CNN that Carter's idea of a "good, non–military way of
protesting the invasion" was not effective, with the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan lasting another
eight years. The 1976 boycott was not effective either; the South African apartheid regime survived
another eighteen years. Boycotting did more damage at home than it did away: it proved horrible for
the Olympic movement and for athletes like Don Paige, a renowned track runner, who was left to
watch the race he knew he could win. The Olympics also experiences political terrorism, which

Racism And Racism
Let's get one thing crystal clear: black people are not, nor have ever been, treated fairly in the United
States. When they were forcibly removed from Africa and enslaved by white Americans, whites
degraded them to property status. The degradation endured following the passage of the 13th
amendment in 1865, which abolished slavery, as the Jim Crow color line divided America. Although
the government had granted blacks equality from a legal standpoint, it quickly became evident that
racism was so entrenched in American society that if blacks didn't directly protest injustice, nothing
would change, for "taught the same economics, history, philosophy, literature and religion which
have established the present code of morals, the Negro's mind has been brought under the control of
his oppressor" (Woodson 10). Whites were unwavering, for they enjoyed the elevated social status
and the plethora of accompanying benefits of whiteness, so they exploited legal, illegal, and
extralegal tactics to quell black protests. Nevertheless, blacks remained resilient throughout the
years, trudging forward and striving for what United States citizenship guaranteed them.
Importantly, though, is the fact that words alone weren't sufficient; without collective and sustained
action, nothing changed. Consequently, this traditional focus on the social constructs of whiteness
and blackness, rather than on shared human condition, has perpetuated a vicious cycle of racism and
bigotry that plagues our

The Symbolism Of The Civil Rights Movement In The Black...
From Colin Kaepernick standing his ground to peaceful protests and marches in Ferguson, the
'Black Lives Matter' group is united and the movement is alive. A closed fist held in the air
symbolizes black power, equality for African Americans, and justice for cops killing unprovoked.
"The salute dates back to ancient Assyria as a symbol of resistance in the face of violence."
(Factbox). The early 1960's was when the first call for 'Black Power' was raised. This was the time
where new civil rights laws were passed and there was an urge for racial justice. In today's society
black america is still calling for some kind of power or equality. In the 1960s–70s the raised fist was
used by black nationalists to raise support and awareness for black america. Awareness for the unity
of blacks. Two men in the 1968 Olympics said "They were for those individuals that were lynched,
or killed that no one said a prayer for, that were hung and tarred. It was for those thrown off the side
of the boats in the middle passage." (Factbox) after raising a fist during the national anthem. As a
sign of sympathy and unity the iconic symbol is still used around the world today. African
Americans struggle everyday for equality. Urging for justice and fair trials, they peacefully protest
and march to stand up for their rights. "Most Americans say, as a country, we have yet to achieve
racial equality. "Roughly six–in–ten (61%) say that our country needs to continue making changes
for blacks to have

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