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MEDIDAS DE TENDENCIA CENTRAL
UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES
NÚCLEO UNIVERSITARIO DR. PEDRO RINCÓN GUTIÉRREZ
FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN
DEPARTAMENTO DE PEDAGOGÍA
SAN CRISTÓBAL ESTADO TÁCHIRA
Profesor: Wilmer Sánchez
Área: Investigación y Estadística
MEDIDAS DE TENDENCIA CENTRAL
La medida de tendencia central o medida de
centralización, es un número ubicado hacia el centro de la
distribución de los valores de una serie en la que se encuentra
ubicado el conjunto de los datos. Las medidas de tendencia
central más utilizadas son: media, mediana y moda. También
existen otras medidas de tendencia central, igualmente cuando se
hace referencia únicamente a la posición de estos parámetros
dentro de la distribución, independientemente de que esté más o
menos centrada, se habla de estas medidas como medidas de
posición. En este caso veremos sólo la media, mediana y moda.
La Media (x): es el valor que se obtiene al sumar todos los datos
y dividir el resultado entre la cantidad de datos. x = 𝒊=𝟏
𝑵
𝒙𝒊
𝑵
La Mediana (Me): es el valor que ocupa la posición central,
cuando todos los datos están ordenados. Si “N” es impar se toma
el valor del dato central de la serie, y si es par, es el promedio de
los dos datos centrales.
La Moda (Mo): es valor con mayor frecuencia absoluta. Dicho
de otra manera, es el dato que más se repite en la serie de
números.
EJEMPLO MEDIA, MEDIANAY MODA
“Para Datos Sin Agrupar”
Las edades de los estudiantes de la clase de estadística de la
ULA. Son: 22, 19, 18, 21, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22.
Hallar: la media, la mediana y la moda.
La Media (x) = 𝒊=𝟏
𝑵
𝒙𝒊
𝑵
x =
22+19+18+21+18+19+20+24+25+19+19+20+21+22
14
=
287
14
x = 20,5
La Mediana (Me):
Se ordenan los datos
18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 24, 25
Se escoge el valor central de la serie si es impar, (en este caso el
número de datos es par), por lo tanto se suman el valor de los
datos centrales de la serie y se promedian.
Me =
20+20
2
Me = 20.
La Moda (Mo): Es el valor que más se repite en la serie de
datos.
18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 24, 25
Mo = 19.
su
atención
por
Gracias

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Medidas de Tendencia Central

  • 1. MEDIDAS DE TENDENCIA CENTRAL UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES NÚCLEO UNIVERSITARIO DR. PEDRO RINCÓN GUTIÉRREZ FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE PEDAGOGÍA SAN CRISTÓBAL ESTADO TÁCHIRA Profesor: Wilmer Sánchez Área: Investigación y Estadística
  • 2. MEDIDAS DE TENDENCIA CENTRAL La medida de tendencia central o medida de centralización, es un número ubicado hacia el centro de la distribución de los valores de una serie en la que se encuentra ubicado el conjunto de los datos. Las medidas de tendencia central más utilizadas son: media, mediana y moda. También existen otras medidas de tendencia central, igualmente cuando se hace referencia únicamente a la posición de estos parámetros dentro de la distribución, independientemente de que esté más o menos centrada, se habla de estas medidas como medidas de posición. En este caso veremos sólo la media, mediana y moda.
  • 3. La Media (x): es el valor que se obtiene al sumar todos los datos y dividir el resultado entre la cantidad de datos. x = 𝒊=𝟏 𝑵 𝒙𝒊 𝑵 La Mediana (Me): es el valor que ocupa la posición central, cuando todos los datos están ordenados. Si “N” es impar se toma el valor del dato central de la serie, y si es par, es el promedio de los dos datos centrales. La Moda (Mo): es valor con mayor frecuencia absoluta. Dicho de otra manera, es el dato que más se repite en la serie de números.
  • 4. EJEMPLO MEDIA, MEDIANAY MODA “Para Datos Sin Agrupar” Las edades de los estudiantes de la clase de estadística de la ULA. Son: 22, 19, 18, 21, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22. Hallar: la media, la mediana y la moda. La Media (x) = 𝒊=𝟏 𝑵 𝒙𝒊 𝑵 x = 22+19+18+21+18+19+20+24+25+19+19+20+21+22 14 = 287 14 x = 20,5
  • 5. La Mediana (Me): Se ordenan los datos 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 24, 25 Se escoge el valor central de la serie si es impar, (en este caso el número de datos es par), por lo tanto se suman el valor de los datos centrales de la serie y se promedian. Me = 20+20 2 Me = 20. La Moda (Mo): Es el valor que más se repite en la serie de datos. 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 24, 25 Mo = 19.