2. The discovery of the element
is credited to the German
chemist Martin Heinrich
Klaproth. While he was
working in his experimental
laboratory in Berlin in 1789
3. uranium was primarily used in
small amounts for yellow
glass and pottery glazes, such
as uranium glass and in
Fiestaware 1800s
5. Marie Curie a student of
Becquerel correctly
interpreted the phenomena
of radioactivity. The discovery
of Radium by Marie Curie and
her husband is through using
the element Uranium (1898)
6. Due to its radioactivity many
scientists around the world
began to study uranium,
trying to discover its atomic
secrets. In 1939, the first
proven nuclear fission was
performed by Otto Hahn in
Germany.
7. A transuranic elemnt
Plutonium was first produced
and isolated on December 14,
1940 by Dr.
Glenn T. Seaborg , Joseph W.
Kennedy,
Edwin M. McMillan, and
Arthur C. Wahl by deuteron
bombardment of
uranium-238
8. Enrico Fermi (bottom left) and
the rest of the team that
initiated the first artificial
nuclear chain reaction (1942).
Using uranium but eventually
abandoned due to its
insuficient amount
9. using uranium-235 ,the
Manhattan Project, resulted
in the first nuclear explosion
at the Trinity test site in New
Mexico in July 1945. The
world became aware of the
enormous destructive power
of nuclear weapons
10. The mushroom cloud over
Hiroshima after the dropping
of the uranium-based atomic
bomb nicknamed 'Little Boy 'a
nuclear device enrich with
uranium and plutonium .year
1945 august.
11. Four light bulbs lit with
electricity generated from the
first artificial electricity-
producing nuclear reactor,
EBR-I (1951) which is the
mother of nuclear
pawerplants .
12. There were three separate
periods of uranium
exploration or "booms."
These were from 1956 to
1960, 1967 to 1971, and from
1976 to 1982
13. The worldwide production of
uranium in 2015 amounted to
60,496
tonnes. Kazakhstan , Canada ,
and
Australia are the top three
producers and together
account for 70% of world
uranium productio for fueling
nuclear power plants
14. So far, essentially all the transuranium elements have
been discovered at four laboratories: Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory in the United States (elements 93–
101, 106, and joint credit for 103–105), the Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia (elements 102
and 114–118, and joint credit for 103–105), the GSI
Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Germany
(elements 107–112), and RIKEN in Japan (element 113).
15.
16. And now in our times, we use uranium for
military purposes , nuclear power plants and
photographic chemicals
18. Uranium is a chemical element with
symbol U and atomic number 92. It
is a silvery-white metal in the
actinide series of the periodic table .
A uranium atom has 92 protons and
92
electrons, of which 6 are valence
electrons.named after uranus
19. Uraninite, also known as
pitchblende, is the most
common ore mined to extract
uranium.
20. Yellowcake is a concentrated
mixture of uranium oxides
that is further refined to
extract pure uranium.
21. Citrober is an
organism that has a
consentrattion of
uranium in their body
300 tines larger than
environment
22. • Effects and precautions
• Normal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart,
and other systems can be affected by uranium
exposure, because, besides being weakly
radioactive, uranium is a toxic metal.[] Uranium is
also a reproductive toxicant Radiological effects are
generally local because alpha radiation, the primary
form of 238U decay, has a very short range, and will
not penetrate skin. Alpha radiation from inhaled
uranium has been demonstrated to cause lung
cancer in exposed nuclear workers
23. Body system Human studies Animal studies In vitro
Renal
Elevated levels of protein
excretion, urinary
catalase and diuresis
Damage to proximal
convoluted tubules,
necrotic cells cast from
tubular epithelium,
glomerular changes (renal
failure)
No studies
Brain/CNS
Decreased performance
on neurocognitive tests
Acute cholinergic toxicity;
Dose-dependent
accumulation in cortex,
midbrain, and vermis;
Electrophysiological
changes in hippocampus
No studies
DNA
Increased reports of
cancers[50][113][114][115][116][1
17]
Increased mutagenicity
(in mice) and induction of
tumors
Binucleated cells with
micronuclei, Inhibition of
cell cycle kinetics and
proliferation; Sister
chromatid induction,
tumorigenic phenotype
Bone/muscle No studies
Inhibition of periodontal
bone formation; and
alveolar wound healing
No studies
24. Reproductive
Uranium miners have
more first-born female
children
Moderate to severe
focal tubular atrophy;
vacuolization of Leydig
cells
No studies
Lungs/respiratory
No adverse health
effects reported
Severe nasal
congestion and
hemorrhage, lung
lesions and fibrosis,
edema and swelling,
lung cancer
No studies
Gastrointestinal
Vomiting, diarrhea,
albuminuria
No studies No studies
Liver
No effects seen at
exposure dose
Fatty livers, focal
necrosis
No studies
Skin
No exposure
assessment data
available
Swollen vacuolated
epidermal cells,
damage to hair follicles
and sebaceous glands
No studies
Tissues surrounding
embedded DU
fragments
Elevated uranium
urine concentrations
Elevated uranium
urine concentrations,
perturbations in
biochemical and
neuropsychological
testing
No studies
25. mmune system
Chronic fatigue, rash,
ear and eye infections,
hair and weight loss,
cough. May be due to
combined chemical
exposure rather than
DU alone
No studies No studies
Eyes No studies
Conjunctivitis, irritation
inflammation, edema,
ulceration of
conjunctival sacs
No studies
Blood No studies
Decrease in RBC count
and hemoglobin
concentration
No studies
Cardiovascular
Myocarditis resulting
from the uranium
ingestion, which ended
six months after
ingestion
No effects No studies
