Components of engine & its materials

SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
Session: Engine Components & its
Materials
11/24/2020 16MT407 - Theory of Automobile Engineering 1
MODULE 1

SESSION OBJECTIVES
 On the completion of this session, the students might
be able to understand,
 Revolution in Engine modification
 Engine Classification
 Components of Engine & Its materials.

Topics
 History of engine development
 Combustion
 Types of Engine
 Components of Engine & its material

History of Engine Development
Newcomen Atmospheric Engine :
 Invented by Thomas Newcomen in
1712
 First practical device to harness steam
to produce mechanical work.
 Britain and Europe used this engine for
pump water out from mines.
 The engine was operated by condensing
steam drawn into the cylinder.

Watt Steam
Engine : 1776
 Also called
Mathew
Boulton and
watt steam
engine.
 It was a first
type of
steam engine
to make use
of separate
condenser.

Year of engine Revolution :1769
 France inventor Nicolas Joseph
cugnot propelled first mechanical
vehicle – using steam engine
 First true automobile
 It is a Tricycle.
 Steam Engine
 4 Passenger
 2.25 miles per hour speed.

11/24/2020i 16MT407 - Theory of Automobile Engineering 7
Start of Internal Combustion Engine:
 Francois Isaac deRivaz – Inventor
of first hydrogen powered Internal
combustion engine with electric
Ignition in the year of 1808
 Jean joseph Etienne Lenoir –
Invented the Lenoir gas engine in
1859
 Fuel – Coal & Air
Francois Isaac deRivaz
Jean joseph Etienne Lenoir

Otto’s Atmospheric Engine:
 Compressed Charge Internal
combustion Engine ran on Petroleum
 Invented by Nicholas August Otto
 German Engineer
Liquid Fueled Engine - 1861 Otto’s 1876 Four cycle Engine
Nicholas August Otto

COMBUSTION
Internal Combustion Engine:
 An internal combustion engine is a
heat engine.
 Which converts the heat energy
released by combustion of fuel taking
place inside the engine into
mechanical work.

COMBUSTION
What is Combustion :
 Combustion is a high temperature
exothermic redox chemical reaction
between fuel (the reducant) and an
oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen,
that produces oxidized, often gaseous
products, in a mixture termed as
smoke
 In combustion fire produces a flame
& heat will sustained the combustion.
 Oxidation – Loss of electron
 Reduction – gain of electron
Oxidation & Reduction

Engine classification
Classification of Engine :
Oxidation & Reduction
According to the type of
Fuel used
Petrol Engine Diesel Engine Gas Engine Bi-Fuel Engine

According to the number
of strokes per cycle
4 – Stroke Engine 2 – Stroke Engine

According to the Method
of Ignition
Spark Ignition
Compression
Ignition

According to the Cycle of
Combustion
Otto Cycle Diesel Cycle Duel Combustion

According to the Number
of Cylinder
Single Cylinder Multi cylinder

According to the
arrangement of
cylinder
1. In-Line Engine
2. V – Type Engine
3. Opposite Cylinder
Engine
4. W – Engine
5. Opposite Piston
Engine
6. Radial Engine
W – Engine

According to cooling:
 Air cooled Engine
- Contains fins all around the
cylinders, Cylinder head, and exhaust
port.
- which provide increase area for
better radiation of heat.
 Water Cooled Engine
- Water jackets around the
cylinders, Combustion chambers,
Valve, Ports, etc.
- Radiator is used to cool hot water.

COMPONENTS OF IC ENGINE
PARTS OF IC ENGINE:
 Cylinder Block
 Piston
 Piston Rings
 Connecting Rod
 Crank & Crankshaft
 Valves
 Flywheel
 Crankcase

1. Cylinder Block:
 Part of the engine where fuel is
burn and power is developed
 Inside diameter is called as Bore
diameter
 Sleeve is fitted tightly in cylinder
to prevent wearing of the block.
 Cylinder block made up of Grey
cast iron or aluminum with steel
sleeves.

2. Cylinder Head:
 Cylinder head is bolted at
the top of the cylinder
block.
 It houses the inlet &
Exhaust valve.
 It also contains spark plug
hole or injector hole and
cooling water jacket.
 The material used for
cylinder heads are cast
iron, aluminum alloy etc.

3. Cylinder Linear:
 Linear material should
withstand abrasive wear &
Corrosive wear.
 Chromium plated mild
steel tubes are used as
linear

4. Oil sump or oil pair:
 Oil sump is fitted at the
bottom of crankcase by
using gasket. It contains
lubricating oil
 A drain plug is provided to
the oil sump to drain out
the oil. It made of
pressesd steel sheet.

5. Piston:
 It is a cylindrical shaped mass
that reciprocates inside the
cylinder.
 Purposes :
 It acts as a movable gas
tight seal to keep the
gasses inside the cylinder.
 It transmits the force of
explosion in the cylinder to
the crankshaft through
connecting rod.

6. Piston:
 Cast Iron, Aluminum alloy, Chrome-
Nickel alloy, Nickel iron alloy, and
cast steel are used to fabricate
piston using Casting or forging
method
Crown
Skirt
Lands
Oil ring
groove

7. Piston rings:
 Metallic Rings inserted into
groves provided at the top end
of the piston
 Function : It maintains a gas –
Tight joint between the piston
and the cylinder.
 The material used for piston
rings are cast iron, alloy cast
iron containing silicon and
manganese, alloy steel, etc.
 Piston ring are generally coated
with chromium or cadmium

7. Piston rings:
i. Compression rings:
 These rings provide
an effective seal for
the high pressure
gasses inside the
cylinder.
 Each piston
provided with at
least two
compression rings
1st Ring: Maintains the seal and
prevents the escape of burned
gases and loss of pressure in the
combustion chamber
2nd Ring: Compression ring aids
the top ring in sealing & Cooling

7. Piston rings:
i. Oil rings:
 These rings wipe off
the excess oil form
the cylinder walls
 It also returns this
excess oil to the oil
sump through slots
provided in the
rings
Oil
Went

8. Connecting Rod:
 Link that connects the
piston and crank shaft by
means of pin joint.
 Function: It converts the
rectilinear motion of the
piston into rotary motion
of the crankshaft.
 Connecting rod must
withstand heavy thrust.
 Carbon steel, Aluminum
alloy, and Nickel alloy
steel provide great
strength & Rigidity

9. Crankshaft:
 It is the main shaft of
the engine
 It used to convert
reciprocating motion of
the piston into rotary
motion.
 At crank pins, the
connecting rod attached
and revolved around it.

9. Crankshaft:
 All the power from the piston is transmitted to the crankshaft which further
passes it onto the fly wheel.

9. Crankshaft:
 The material of the crank shaft should be strong enough to resist the heavy
impact force of the piston
 They are made of hot billet steel, Carbon steel, Nickel – chromium and
other heat treated alloy steels.

10. Camshaft:
 The camshaft controls the opening & closing of the inlet & Exhaust valves
 The timing of the camshaft working is very important for efficient working
of the engine.
 The profile of the camlobes decides the opening duration of the valve.

11. Flywheel:
 Mounted on crankshaft to
maintain uniform rotation
of crankshaft.
 It store the energy during
power stroke & Release
during other stroke.
 It is made up of cast iron
or cast steel.

11. Sparkplug:
 The function of the
sparkplug is to ignite the
air fuel mixture after
completing the
compression stroke in the
petrol engine.
 It is usually mounted in
the cylinder head.
 It is only used in petrol
engine
Side
Electrode
Terminal
Junction
Center
Electrode

12. Engine Valves:
 Valves are used for closing
& opening the passage of
the cylinder
 There are two valves in an
engine cylinder namely
inlet valve & Exhaust
valve.
 Valves are operated by
cam & Rocker arm
mechanisms.

12. Engine Valves:
Valve mechanisms :
1. Side valve
Mechanism
2. Overhead valve
Mechanism
3. Overhead inlet &
Side exhaust valve
mechanism.

12. Engine Valves:
Valve mechanisms :
1. Side valve
Mechanism

12. Engine Valves:
Valve mechanisms :
2. Overhead valve
Mechanism.

END

Components of engine & its materials

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