2. DISK MANGEMENT
Disk Management is an extension of the Microsoft Management Console that
allows full management of the disk-based hardware recognized by Windows.
Disk Management is used to manage the drives installed in a computer - like hard
disk drives (internal and external), optical disk drives, and flash drives. It can be
used to partition drives, format drives, assign drive letters, and much more.
3. HOW TO OPEN DISK
MANAGEMENT
Click the Start button and access the Run option.
Type diskmgmt.msc and press Enter.
4.
5. DISK PARTITION
Disk partition or partition is a section of the hard drive that is separated from other
segments. Partitions help enable users to divide a computer hard drive into
different drives or different portions for a number of reasons. For example, allowing
multiple operating systems to run on the same device.
Types of disk partition:-
Primary
Extended
Logical
6. Primary: Up to four primary partitions can be configured on a computer running
Windows, although this drops to three if you also have an extended partition on the
disk. Any primary partition can be configured as the active (or bootable) drive, but only
one primary partition is active at any time. If you want to configure a multiboot system,
you should create a primary partition for each operating system.
Extended: extended partitions are a way of getting round the limit of four primary
partitions. They are not formatted with a file system, but act as a shell in which you can
create logical partitions.
Logical: any number of logical partitions can be created inside an extended partition,
but a logical partition cannot be set as an active partition, so they cannot generally be
used to hold operating systems and are better suited to organizing files. Logical
partitions are always visible, irrespective of the operating system running, so they are a
good way of making files available to any operating system installed on a multiboot
computer.
7. PARTITION STYLE
windows 7 partition style divided into two parts:-
Master boot record (MBR)
GUID Partition table (GPT)
Master Boot record:- A master boot record is a kind of boot sector stored on
a hard disk drive or other storage device that contains the necessary computer
code to start the boot process.
MBR < 2TB. And Further divided into two parts:- Basic ,dynamic
GUID partition table:- is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a
physical storage device used in a desktop or server PC, such as HDD or SDD
using globally unique identifiers (GUID). GUID > 2 TB ,128 bytes partition.
8. DISK FILE SYSTEM
A file system is the methods and data structures that an operating system uses to
keep track of files on a disk or partition; that is, the way the files are organized on
the disk. The word is also used to refer to a partition or disk that is used to store
the files.
Types of file system:-
FAT (File allocation table)
NTFS (New technology file system)
Ex FAT (Extended file allocation table)
9. FILE ALLOCATION TABLE
FAT is a method of keeping track of the contents of a hard drive used by early Microsoft
operating systems that was first introduced in 1977.
Different version of file allocation table :- FAT 8,FAT12,FAT16,FAT32.
FAT8:- The oldest FAT, FAT8 was used on 8-inch floppies with the 8086 processor.
FAT12 :- first widely used version of the FAT file system FAT12 was introduced in 1980,
right along with the first versions of DOS. File names under FAT12 cannot exceed the
maximum character limit of 8 characters. file attributes were first introduced in FAT12,
including hidden, read-only, system, and volume label
FAT16:- FAT utilizing a 16-bit binary system. Used with Windows 3.x to Windows 95.
FAT32:- Enhanced File Allocation Table utilizing a 28-bit binary system, first used in
Windows 95 OSR2 and Windows 98.
10. NEW TECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM
New Technology File System (NTFS) is the standard file structure for the Windows
NT operating system. It is used for retrieving and storing files on the hard disk.
NTFS is the primary file system used in Microsoft's Windows 10, Windows
8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows
NT operating systems.
11. EXTENDED FILE ALLOCATION TABLE
Ex FAT (Extended File Allocation Table) is a file system designed and patentend by
Microsoft and released in all versions of Windows, starting with Windows Server
2008. In addition Microsoft has released an update for Windows XP and Windows
Server 2003, to add support for ex FAT formatted drives.
12. HOW TO CREATE DISK PARTITION
Open the Disk Management console by typing diskmgmt.msc at an Run
command.
13. In Disk Management, right-click the volume that you want to shrink, and then click
Shrink Volume
14. in the field provided in the Shrink dialog box, enter the amount of space by which
to shrink the disk.
15.
16. Once you have unallocated space, you can use that space to create a new partition
logical drives and simple volumes.
Click on new simple volume
17. The Specify Volume Size page specifies the minimum and maximum size for the
volume in megabytes and lets you size the volume within these limits. Size the
partition in megabytes using the Simple Volume Size field and then click Next.
18. On the Assign Drive Letter Or Path page, specify whether you want to assign a
drive letter or path and then click Next. The available options are as follows: -
19. Assign The Following Drive Letter Select an available drive letter in the selection
list provided. By default, Windows 7 selects the lowest available drive letter and
excludes reserved drive letters as well as those assigned to local disks or network
drives.
Mount In The Following Empty NTFS Folder Choose this option to mount the
partition in an empty NTFS folder. You must then type the path to an existing
folder or click Browse to search for or create a folder to use.
Do Not Assign A Drive Letter Or Drive Path Choose this option if you want to
create the partition without assigning a drive letter or path. Later, if you want the
partition to be available for storage, you can assign a drive letter or path at that
time.
20. Use the Format Partition page to determine whether and how the volume should
be formatted. If you want to format the volume, choose Format This Volume With
The Following Settings, and then configure the following options:
21. Click Next, confirm your options, and then click Finish.
22. The Windows 7 Disk Management tool will now show the space configured as a
new partition.
