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1. GENERAL
CHEMISTRY 1

2. OBJECTIVES
Determine the different
properties of matter,
Recognize that substances are
made up of smaller pieces.
Compare consumer products on
the basis of their components for
use, safety quality, and cost;

3. WHAT IS
CHEMISTRY?

4. Is the study of matter, its
composition, its structure,
its properties, the
processes that matter
undergoes, and the energy
changes that accompany
these processes.

5. MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
Matter States
Properties Classifications

6. WHAT IS
MATTER?

7. Matter is anything that
has mass and occupies
space.

8. STATES OF MATTER
Solid Liquid Gas

9. SOLID
A STATE OF MATTER, HAS
DEFINITE SHAPE AND
VOLUME. SOLIDS HAVE
PARTICLES THAT ARE
TIGHTLY PACKED, OFTEN
IN AN ORDERLY MANNER.

10. LIQUID
• ANOTHER STATE OF MATTER,
HAS A INDEFINITE SHAPE AND
DEFINITE VOLUME. LIQUIDS
UNLIKE SOLIDS, HAVE PARTICLES
THAT ARE NOT RIGIDLY HELD IN
PLACE AND ARE LESS TIGHTLY
PACKED.
• LIQUID PARTICLES ARE ABLE TO
MOVE PAST ONE ANOTHER;
HENCE LIQUIDS FLOW AND TAKE
THE SHAPE OF THE CONTAINER.

11. GAS
• ANOTHER STATE OF MATTER,
HAS INDEFINITE SHAPE AND
VOLUME. A GAS FOLLOWS
AND TAKES THE SHAPE AND
FILLS THE ENTIRE VOLUME OF
ITS CONTAINER.
• IN COMPARISON, GASES
HAVE PARTICLES THAT ARE
FAR APART FROM THE ONE
ANOTHER.

12. PHASE CHANGES OF MATTER
Melting
Condensation
Sublimation Deposition
Freezing
Boiling

13. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical Property Chemical Property

14. PHYSICAL PROPERTY
• IS A CHARACTERISTIC
THAT CAN BE
OBSERVED AND
MEASURED WITHOUT
CHANGING THE
IDENTITY AND
COMPOSITION OF THE
SUBSTANCE.

15. INTENSIVE PROPERTY EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
 Depend on the amount of
matter present.
Example:
 Mass
 Volume
 And the amount of energy in a
substance.
 Is a property that depends on
the kind of matter in a sample,
not on the amount of matter
present.
Example:
 Density
 Color
 Odor

17. CHEMICAL PROPERTY
• REFERS TO THE
ABILITY OF A
SUBSTANCE TO
UNDERGO CHANGES
TO TRANSFORM INTO
A DIFFERENT
SUBSTANCES.
• IT DESCRIBES HOW A
SUBSTANCE REACTS
WITH ANOTHER
SUBSTANCE.

18. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Pure Substance Mixtures
Element Compound
Homogenous
mixture
Heterogeneo
us mixture

19. PURE SUBSTANCE
A FORM OF MATTER THAT
HAS A DEFINITE
COMPOSITION AND
DISTINCT PROPERTIES
EXAMPLES:
WATER (H2O) AND NEON
(NE)

20. ELEMENTS
• IS A SUBSTANCE THAT
CANNOT BE SEPARATED INTO
SIMPLER SUBSTANCES BY
CHEMICAL MEANS.
• IT CAN BE FURTHER
CLASSIFIED AS METALS, NON-
METALS AND METALLOIDS.

22. COMPOUNDS
• ARE SUBSTANCES
COMPOSED OF ATOMS
OR TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS
CHEMICALLY
COMBINES IN FIXED
PROPORTIONS.
• IT CAN BE CLASSIFIED
INTO ACIDS, BASES
AND SALTS.

23. MIXTURES
• IS A COMBINATION OF TWO
OR MORE SUBSTANCES IN
WHICH THE SUBSTANCES
RETAIN THEIR DISTINCT
IDENTITIES

24. HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE
• A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE IS A
SOLID, LIQUID, OR
GASEOUS MIXTURE THAT HAS A
UNIFORM COMPOSITION. NO
MATTER WHERE YOU SAMPLE THE
MIXTURE, THE AMOUNT AND TYPE OF
COMPONENTS IS THE SAME.

25. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
• A HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE IS
DEFINED AS A MIXTURE THAT
HAS A NON-UNIFORM
COMPOSITION. IN OTHER
WORDS, ITS COMPOSITION
VARIES FROM ONE LOCATION
TO ANOTHER.

26. METHODS OF
SEPARATING
MIXTURES

27. FILTRATION
• IS A PROCESS USED TO
SEPARATE AN
INSOLUBLE SOLID
FROM A MIXTURE.

28. DISTILLATION
• IS A PROCESS WHEREBY A
LIQUID IS CONVERTED
INTO A VAPOUR BY
BOILING AND THE
VAPOUR IS CONDENSED
BACK TO LIQUID BY
COOLING.

29. CRYSTALLIZATION
• A METHOD TO
SEPARATE A SOLUBLE
SOLID FROM ITS
SOLUTION BASED FROM
THE DIFFERENT
SOLUBILITY OF SOLIDS
IN WATER AT 25°C.

30. DECANTATION
• A PROCESS OF SEPARATING
A SOLID FROM A LIQUID BY
POURING OFF THE LIQUID,
AFTER ALLOWING THE
SOLID TO SETTLE IN THE
LIQUID.

31. CHROMATOGRAPHY
• LETS THE MIXTURE FLOW
OVER A MATERIAL THAT
RETAINS SOME COMPONENTS,
MORE SO DIFFERENT
COMPONENTS FLOW OVER
THE MATERIAL AT DIFFERENT
SPEEDS.