Electric Cars Speech

Electric Cars Speech
Just about everyone wants a car but no one Wants to pay for gas well now thanks to technology we
don't have to yes thanks to the discovery of the electronic car people can travel solely on the power
of electricity but most people say that Unless some new type of battery is invented these electronic
Car are nothing more than a dream but these are far more than a dream and very much so a part of
reality But what does the future hold for these cars
Well electricity is already a large part of our lives so to start using electricity powered cars would
not be so much of a change from our normal routine as people may seem to think And they're
already many people using these electrical cars one man mentioned That he uses The Corbin
Sparrow (a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The three–cylinder diesel weighs just 250 pounds (113kg) and the air–colored electric motor just 76
pounds (33kg).
DaimlerChrysler says that the ESX3 meets all the emissions targets originally set in 1993. However,
it acknowledges that there is still much to be done to meet future emissions standards including
further work on low sulfur and synthetic fuels, new exhaust aftertreatment technologies and cleaner
combustion processes.
OMAHA, Nebraska –– April 19, 1998. Sport utility vehicles are hot! Sales of the truck–like vehicles
are booming in the USA. Once the purview of Jeep, Ford and Jimmy, now virtually every car maker
has entered the fray including Mercedes and Lexus.
And the folks buying these behemoths don't seem deterred by their hefty sticker prices and the 70's
era gas mileage that comes with them, not to mention a truck–like ride. While questions are now
being raised about both their environmental impact and safety, sales continue to soar. The plain fact
is, Ute's are "in."
After two years and 300,000 total driving miles in Japan and the US, late last year Toyota began
leasing a sensible sport utility vehicle that offers many of the perceived benefits of the standard Ute,
but with zero tailpipe emissions.
While the RAV4–EV shares many features, including body styling and interior appointments, with
its IC–engine sibling, the similarities end there. As Mark Amstock, Toyota's manager of
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Consumer Reports : A New Fuel Efficiency Champion
Consumer Reports announces a new fuel efficiency champion. When it comes to fuel efficiency, no
gasoline or diesel model ever built outperforms the all–new 2016 Toyota Prius. Such were the
findings of Consumer Reports following the non–profit consumer organization's internal testing of
the hybrid, which achieved 52 mpg overall, besting the previous record–holding 2000 Honda Insight
by 1 mpg. The results are even more noteworthy when you consider the Prius seats five and is some
1,200 pounds heavier than the two–passenger Insight. Credit constant improvements in Toyota
engineering and technology for giving us the most efficient and safest Prius yet. Consumer Reports:
Internal, Independent Testing Consumer Reports routinely tests new cars by using a fuel meter to
measure every drop of fuel consumed. Each vehicle is put through the same paces on a private track
located within its 327–acre Auto Test Center compound located in rural Connecticut. Cars are also
tested on nearby roads, gauging both city and highway fuel economy. On CR's city course, the 2016
Prius achieved 43 mpg for a whopping 11 mpg improvement over the previous–generation model.
On the highway and at cruising speeds of 65 mph, researchers measured 59 mpg. CR's measuring
criteria is far different from how the EPA measures fuel economy. Per EPA guidelines, car
manufacturers test their own vehicles under controlled conditions in a laboratory, following
prescribed federal procedures. The EPA also tests a

electric cars speech Essay
Just about everyone wants a car but no one Wants to pay for gas well now thanks to technology we
don't have to yes thanks to the discovery of the electronic car people can travel solely on the power
of electricity but most people say that Unless some new type of battery is invented these electronic
Car are nothing more than a dream but these are far more than a dream and very much so a part of
reality But what does the future hold for these cars
Well electricity is already a large part of our lives so to start using electricity powered cars would
not be so much of a change from our normal routine as people may seem to think And they're
already many people using these electrical cars one man mentioned That he uses The Corbin
Sparrow (a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Last week the company showed the ESX3 to the press in Washington, D.C., an event which marks
the achievement of the first official milestone of the 10 year–long USPartnership for a New
Generation Vehicle program in which all three US car makers have now developed fuel–efficient,
high mileage vehicles.
From the outset of the ESX program, DaimlerChrysler engineers have sought ways to not only
achieve the performance goals of PNGV but have striven to reduce the cost premium associated
with hybrid electric technology. In the ESX3 they have cut the cost in half from the $15,000 of the
ESX2 to just $7,500 in two years time.
The five passenger ESX3 achieves 72 mpg, up two miles from the more aerodynamic ESX2. It's
"mild–hybrid" or mybrid drive train takes a similar approach to that of both Ford and
GM PNGV cars, mating a 1.5 liter, all aluminum direct–injection diesel engine to a 15 kilowatt
electric motor. Like the Toyota Prius, the 106 pound lithium ion battery pack is wedged between the
rear passenger seat and trunk which provides 16 cubic fee (450 liters) of cargo space.
An important component in of the ESX Mybrid system is its EMAT transmission system which
utilizes two computer–controlled clutches. The EMAT system combines the smoothness of an
automatic transmission with the added fuel efficiency of a manual. The driver sees the normal
selection of park, drive,

Negative Impact On Smartphones
SMARTPHONES: Analysis of Impact Draft Smartphones have changed our world completely and
is now commonly being used by many users such as students, businesses, employees, and other
people in different ages worldwide. It became one of the most essential and powerful tools
nowadays because it makes our work a lot easier which helps us work efficiently and in the most
convenient way. Smartphones and other mobile devices have become really handy and turned out to
be one of the most needed gadget to have these days. There are plenty of reasons why mobile
phones are powerful tool. First, it provides users with various types of information at anytime in any
part of the world or wherever they are. Second, it enables its user to access different content on the
web via internet using social network services and let them communicate through live stream video
via Skype and other video enabled applications. Third, you can work over the phone using Google
Suites and Microsoft office applications. It makes people's job a lot easier by completing their work
over the phone using Words, Powerpoint, Microsoft Access, and many others. Fourth, they installed
alternative technologies on the smartphone that enables people access other content such as
geographic positioning system or GPS maps, play music using bluetooth enabled device, take
pictures, watch movies, play thier favorite games and much more. However, due to the multi–
purpose and advancement of all these technological devices,

The Nickel Electrode Batteries Are Vulnerable
The nickel electrode batteries are vulnerable to both reversible and irreversible degradation. The
reversible degradation forms can be rectified by fully discharging the cell and then recharging it.
The irreversible forms of degradation vary depending on the types of electrodes and the application
of the battery. However, the irreversible forms of degradation are majorly linked to the number and
depth of the discharge/recharge cycles and the operation temperatures. The primary causes of
irreversible degradation include the decomposition of the organic material into the electrolyte,
corrosion of the nickel electrode, dendrite formation on the surface of the negative electrolyte,
electrode poisoning, and the failure of the gas barrier. Additionally, the nickel electrode batteries are
vulnerable to "thermal runaway," which can be described as a vicious cycle caused by heating and
augmented discharge and voltage. The batteries are also susceptible to gassing, which can lead to the
buildup of pressure in the cell that may lead to permanent battery damage. The batteries are also
engrossed by a number of safety and environmental concerns because they are manufactured using
an extremely toxic metal cadmium. However, the concerns have been lessened through regulation,
keen monitoring during manufacturing, and elevated recycling efficiencies. Currently, there are
three major categories of the nickel–cadmium and nickel–iron batteries; namely, vented sintered
plate, pocket plate,

Brooklyn Battery Works Research Paper
Make your shopping experience an affordable and a hassle–free one at Brooklyn Battery Works
Brooklynbatteryworks.com is an ideal destination, where you can buy your domestic batteries and
other quality products at the best prices. You can find a variety of batteries on this site that best suit
your needs. As a leading manufacturer, seller, and distributor of all types of batteries, Brooklyn
Battery Works not only deals with batteries, the business also sells a variety of flashlights and
hearing aids at affordable prices. If you would like to buy quality batteries for your every need, look
no further than brooklynbatteryworks.com. Products offered by Brooklyn Battery Works
As one among the leading manufacturers and sellers of batteries, Brooklyn Battery Works sells an
extensive range of quality products, including flashlights and hearing aids, which offer the best ...
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Furthermore, buying your preferred product online at brooklynbatteryworks.com is easy and
affordable, as well. This is for the reason that they maintain all their products according to their
category, cost, and brands. This guarantees that they can dispatch 99.9% of the same day or with a
maximum delay of one working day.
Regarding the website, Brooklyn Battery Works maintains their website up–to–date to assist their
customers in knowing the stock position of their preferred products. Furthermore, it is also safe and
easy to use, as their website is adequately protected from hackers. The website is constantly
monitored for identity theft and credit card fraud to offer a safe shopping experience to the buyers.
Therefore, shoppers can rest guaranteed that their individual information would be adequately
protected, which makes them do a hassle–free shopping.
Customer

Metal Plater and Cruddy Creek
From the data given of the measured amounts of cadmium given at each stations along Cruddy
Creek, there were extremely higher concentration levels, 430 mg/kg dry weight total of cadmium
from stations F, G, and H, upstream in comparison to a total combined amount of 315mg/kg dry
weight of cadmium from stations A, B, C, D, E, and the reference sites. Thus, the following
locations have been identified as potential sources responsible for the distribution of cadmium into
Cruddy Creek; Atlas Batteries, Metal Plater, and Pacific Coal & Electric power plant due to their
relevant histories and proximities to the increased amounts of cadmium.
Atlas Batteries has been a part of Cruddy Creek since 1970. Their main objectives were lead–acid
batteries recycling and now also recycling of nickel–cadmium rechargeable batteries. They are a
potential source of cadmium contamination because of their methodology of disposal of sulfuric
acid via an open, unlined pit which allows for chemicals to seep into the sediments at a much faster
and easier rate. In addition, Atlas Batteries has a direct effluent discharge into Cruddy Creek that
carries contaminants of concern such as cadmium, nickel, lead, and zinc.
Metal Plater has a long history with Cruddy Creek since its operations began in 1930. Their focus is
on different types of electroplating. Due to the complex process of electroplating the waste products
that are produced may be "acidic or alkaline and contain significant concentrations of

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electric Cars
Recently, I gave a research proposal, the main topic of which was the conservation of natural
resources by the introduction of automobiles running not on fossil fuels, but on electricity. My
research will deal with the advantages and working of all–electric vehicles in detail and will justify
how they are a lot beneficial and how they play a great role in reducing the consumption of natural
resources and pollution. One source I am considering for my research is an article titled "Building
Better Batteries for Electric Cars" by Jim Witkin which was published in "The New York Times" on
March 30, 2011. However, I have yet to evaluate the sources and verify that it is credible enough to
be used in my research.
Author's Credentials The author of the article, Jim Witkin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It merely discusses about one aspect of electric cars: The battery. Unfortunately, it does not discuss
the advantages of all–electric cars in much detail. Therefore, other sources might also be considered
during my research, which fully explain the advantages and disadvantages of all–electric cars.
Writing Style The author uses easy–to–understand vocabulary. Moreover, he clearly explains the
mechanism and working. Moreover, he also explains some technological aspects by citing the
quotations of various experts. For example:– Compared with the nickel–metal hydride battery used
in the Toyota Prius, for example, a lithium–ion battery of the same weight and volume would
increase energy density two to three times, said Dr. Srinivasan. Due to his easy–to–interpret
vocabulary, his article gains credibility in my research.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that source is credible, because of an experienced author, a well–known
newspaper, recent publishing date and the writing style. But I may also have to consider other
sources mainly because it does not explain all my

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Secondary...
DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT–2
SECONDARY BATTERIES
COURSE NAME: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
COURSE CODE: CHY1001
SLOT :C1
SUBMITTED BY: K.NITHESH CHANDHER REG.NO:15BCE0710
INTRODUCTION: A Rechargeable cells that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is
called as Secondary cells. It can also be stated as a cell in which cell reaction can be reversed by
passing direct electric current in opposite direction. Thus, a secondary batteries may be used through
a large number of cycles of discharging and charging. Some examples of secondary cells are Lead–
acid , Nickel–cadmium, Nickel–metal hydride, etc..,
SECONDARY BATTERY: As mentioned above, a secondary cell is a type of electric battery which
can be charged ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Negative plate reaction:
Pb(s) + HSO−4(aq) → PbSO4(s) + H+(aq) + 2e−
Positive plate reaction:
PbO2(s) + HSO−4(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 2e− → PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
The total reaction can be written as Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) → 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
Charge
During charging, the cycle is reversed: the lead sulfate and water are electro–chemically converted
to lead, lead oxide and sulfuric acid by an external electrical charging source.
Ni–Cd CELLS: Nickel cadmium battery ,fairly recently developed ,is a portable rechargeable cell
and its cell voltage is fairly constant. Like a dry cell ,it can be packed in a sealed container. It can be
left for long periods of time without any appreciable deterioration ,since no gases are produced
during discharging .Nickel cadmium battery(Ni–Cd) consists of a cadmium anode and a cathode
composed of a paste of NiO(OH)(s).
CELL REACTION:

At the positive
NiOOH + H20 + e– Ni(OH)2 + OH–
At the negative
Cd + 2OH Cd(OH)2 + 2e–
Overall
2NiOOH + Cd + 2H2O 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

Reproductive Dysfunction By Lead Case Study
Table 2.1: The MCL standards for the most hazardous heavy metals
Heavy metal Toxicity MCL (mg / L)
Arsenic Skin manifestations, visceral cancers, vascular disease 0.05
Cadmium Kidney damage, renal disorder, human carcinogen 0.01
Chromium Headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, carcinogen 0.05
Copper Liver damage, Wilson disease, insomnia 0.25
Nickel Dermatitis, nausea, chronic asthma, coughing, human carcinogen 0.2
Zinc Depression, lethargy, neurological signs and nervous system 0.8
Lead Damage the fetal brain, diseases of the kidneys, circulatory system and nervous system 0.006
Mercury Rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases of the kidneys, circulatory system and nervous system
0.00003
MCL– Maximum Contaminant Limit
Source: (Babel and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chronic cadmium poisoning can result in nephrotoxicity, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases,
testicular necrosis, prostatic and testicular cancers, renal failure and neurodegenerative conditions
(Yu et al., 2007). Moreover, it was reported that spermatogenesis is disturbed by free radical toxicity
(Aruldhas et al., 2005) . It depletes many essential metal antioxidants including selenium in the body
(Sato and Takizawa, 1982). Apparently, its exposure results in decreases of glutathione (GSH) levels
which causes an increase in reactive oxygen species leading to increase in lipid peroxidation, change
intercellular stability, damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), membranes and consequently inducing
cell death (Stohs et al., 2000). The metal accumulates in human body affecting negatively several
organs: liver, kidney, lungs, bones, placenta, brain and central nervous system (Castro–González and
Méndez–Armenta, 2008). Therefore, the maximum concentration limit for cadmium (II) ions in
drinking water must be strictly regulated. The World Health Organization (WHO), set a maximum
guideline concentration of 0.003 mg/L for cadmium (II) in drinking water (WHO, 2008). Hence,
there is great interest regarding the removal of cadmium from wastewater streams.
2.2.3 Zinc's occurrence and toxicity in human
Zinc is considered being relatively nontoxic, especially if taken orally. However, excess amount can
cause system dysfunctions that result in impairment of growth and

Cadmium Case Study
Cadmium
What role does the chemical you selected play in the modern world?
Cadmium is a natural member like zinc and mercury. Cadmium belongs to group 12 of the Periodic
Table of the Elements. Cadmium is classified as a soft, ductile, silver–white or bluish white metal.
Cadmium is found in association with zinc sulfide based ores. It can also be found in sedimentary
rocks at higher levels. Cadmium can be found throughout the environment within the natural
resources. Cadmium weights 8.64 g/cm3 at room temperature. The atomic number for cadmium is
48. Atomic weight is 112.1 (Cadmium.org).
Cadmium is also produced from recycling spent nickel–cadmium batteries, or recycled cadmium
now accounts for about 23% of total cadmium supply. Exhibits ... Show more content on
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Cancer can be caused from occupational exposure to cadmium. Flu like symptoms can be caused
from acute inhalation exposure and can damage the lungs. Kidney, bone, and lung disease can be
caused from chronic exposure. According to OSHA the primary health effects which has been
observed are lung cancer and kidney damage (osha.gov).
Explain the position of the FDA or EPA regarding your selected chemical. What is the position of
your state government regarding your selected chemical?
FDA states that a maximum limit of cadmium in bottled water is .005mg/L. The EPA states that
cadmium is on the EPA National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants list of 189
hazardous air pollutants and cadmium is listed as one of the 33 hazardous air pollutants that present
a great threat to the public health in urban areas (atsdr.cdc.gov).
I looked up Oregon's government regarding cadmium and I could not find anything about it. It all
just lead back to the EPA. My thought is that since the EPA as set guide lines the states government
follows the EPA rules with cadmium.
Do you feel that your chemical should be more tightly regulated in the United States? Why or why

Pros And Cons Of Mercury-Containing And Rechargeable...
Every year it is estimated that 1.8 million batteries are not properly disposed of. When this happens,
it poses a major threat to the ecosystem. Heavy metals used in batteries are toxic to humans and they
can leach into our water system. Lead and nickel–cadmium (Nd–CD) can only enter the human
body by inhalation or ingestion, but mercury can even be absorbed through the skin. Federal and
state laws and regulations have been implemented and enforced to ensure heavy metal batteries are
properly disposed of and recycled.
Mercury–Containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act of 1996, aka the "Battery Act",
was signed into law on May 13, 1996 by President Bill Clinton. "The purpose of the law was to
facilitate the efficient recycling or proper

Renewable Energy On The Uav Essay
What the renewable energy is?
Renewable energy is energy or power that is created from natural resources such as wind power,
oceanic waves, and the sun. These resources can be used to replace other energy generators such as
electricity and gasoline.
The aim:
On this project aiming is to use renewable energy on the UAV , therefore, it will be able to fly for
longer distance without needs of landing for recharging or filled with fuel.
In addition to that, solar panels are the reasonable solution for that which we can categorize these
panels into:
Polycrystalline
Monocrystalline
Hybrid
All–Black
These types of panels have different standard and verity of reducing energy, also they are hard
panels and heavy which could produce a great amount of energy and mostly are used for house
usages .However,'' Ececom Flexible panels'' give us this option to have a very lighter weight and
great energy to be used on the UAV. Table 1 shows the details of these panels:
Peak Power Pmax 130(Wp)
Open–circuit voltage. Voc 20,32(V)
Short–circuit current lsc 8,61(A)
Voltage at Pmax. Vmp 16,89(V)
Current at Pmax. Lmp 8,1
Number of cells 32
Size (b x h) 1355 x 660(mm)
Thickness ( 1,7 (mm)
Weight 2,2(kg)
Efficiency Mono 18%
Terminal ends Cable with universal MC4 plugs
Max system voltage 600 V Moreover, our aim is to have longer time using renewable energy and
storage the energy into the UAV so it does not need to landing after a period of time and only in
emergency requires to

Hybrid Cars
Hybrid Cars I have always wondered what Hybrid cars were all about. Especially because over the
past couple of years gas prices have been at record highs. I knew that there were such things as
electric cars but until this last year or so I have only seen the wealthy be able to afford to drive them.
And from what I had heard about Hybrid cars was that they were over priced, small, and not so
attractive cars. No wonder nobody owns them. Now I am starting to see them more often and they
aren't as bad as everyone had said. For this exploratory essay I first wanted to figure out what a
hybrid car was and how it compared to regular cars. I wanted to find out everything that there is to
know about them. I wanted to research the hybrid as if ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I had a hard time finding it but I stumbled across a web site that had frequently asked questions
about hybrid cars and that was one of them. I found out that hybrid battery packs are designed to last
for the lifetime of the car, somewhere between 150,000 and 200,000 miles and probably aa whole
lot longer. Hybrids use NiMH batteries, not the environmentally problematic rechargeable nickel
cadmium. Nickel Metal Hydride batteries are benign. They can be fully recycled, says Ron Cogan,
editor of the green car journal. Toyota and Honda say that they will recycle dead batteries and that
disposal will pose no toxic hazards. Plus Toyota puts a phone number on each battery, and they will
pay a $200 dollar bounty for each battery to help ensure that it is properly recycled(Hybrid). I was
really relives to find this out. As for hybrids not being very safe I didn't find a lot of information
about how they possibly couldn't be safer than any other car. But I did find an article on CNN.com.
The article talked about how the hybrid vehicle poses a danger for rescuers at accident scenes. I was
very surprised to read this article. In it they talked about how emergency crews are a scrambling to
learn more about how to avoid catastrophes that could be caused by hybrids high voltage systems.
This was something I never thought about. A hybrid car runs on gas and an electric motor that
carries as much a 500 volts, this worries medical technicians and others who have to cut into cars to

Chemistry Involved in Electric Vehicles
What is the chemistry involved in electric vehicles?
Electrical cars have been around since the 1800s.The first practical electric car was designed by
Thomas Parker in London. The vehicles popularity continued into the 20th century, until the
technology of combustible engines advanced and the mass production of gas vehicles. In 2008 the
electric car appeared once again because the advances in the battery and power technology, upward
prices of oil and emissions. The electrical car originally used a lead acid based battery, today
however the lithium ion rechargeable battery is used. The battery of the electric car stores chemical
energy and converts the energy to electricity. The chemistry of the electric car is found mainly in the
battery. In the battery there is a chemical reaction in cells which then produces a voltage. These
batteries usually have 200 to 400 small cells. The cells are combined to create a powerful battery.
The risk is that if one cell overcharge it causes a thermal reaction. The development electronic
controls for this risk are in process but are expensive. Khalil Amine and Zonghai Chen of the
Argonne National Laboratory discovered a molecule base of boron and fluorine added to each cell
controls the charging of the battery cells. The molecule is said to be less costly and more reliable
than the electric control. (MANDEL, 2009) In the 1800s the lead acid based battery was invented
and used in electrical cars. The technologies of the lead–acid battery

Disadvantages Of Caadmium
All of us are well acquainted with the fact that cadmium (Cd) is one of the components of the earth's
crust and it will remain present in several places or in different ecosystem on earth i.e., terrestrial,
aquatic and others. Benavides et al. (2005) reported that cadmium is one of the most hazardous
heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil and aquatic system which is finally going into our food chain
and responsible for serious environmental problem and finally leading to the health hazards for the
living organism, for instance, mutagenesis, lung cancer, convulsion and brain damage. The
alleviation or inhibition of cadmium in plants has, therefore, caused extensive attention of the whole
society (Uraguchi et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2008). It is must to know about cadmium their ... Show
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Cadmium and cadmium compounds are, compared to other heavy metals, relatively water soluble
and mobile compound in most soils, generally more bio– available and tends to bio– accumulate. It
induces cell injury and death by interfering with calcium (Ca) regulation in biological system.
Cadmium is not essential for plant or animal life (IPCS monographs/WHO1995a; WHO1995b). It is
more mobile than zinc but less mobile than nickel. Cadmium is readily accumulated by many
organisms, particularly by microorganism and mollusks where the bio–concentration factors are in
the order of thousands. Its mobility essentially depends on the pH; the metal's adsorption to the soil's
solid phase can be multiplied threefold for every unitary increase in pH in a range from 4 to 8.
Terrestrial plants may accumulate cadmium in the roots and cadmium is found bound to the cell
walls (AMAP 2002). The pH level is one of the most important factors controlling cadmium
absorption. Compared with other micropolluants such as Cu or Pb, transfer of Cd to the above
ground parts of the plant may be considered as

An Analysis of the Use of Nanotechnology in Electrical...
The energy demand all over the world is expected to be 28 terawatts by 2050, which can lead to
increase of energy consumption patterns and greenhouse gas production. (P.Alivisatos et al. 2005)
One of the most significant issues the industrialised world is facing today is the energy challenge,
issues associated with energy production, storage and reducing consumption of energy use. The use
of energy has reason to rise over time due to an increase in the world population and the discovery
of new technologies which require electrical energy. The electrical energy is used everywhere, from
heating homes to manufacturing. The energy resources are divided into two types: alternative and
traditional energy resources. The global energy challenge is ... Show more content on
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the use of nanotechnology in alternative energy production,
storage and as a means of reducing energy consumption. Roger A.Hinriches and Merlin Kleinbach
(2006) declared (claimed) that "every day the earth surface receives thousands of times more energy
from the Sun than it consumed in all other resources". Cleanliness, availability and renewability of
solar energy make it virtually ideal. (Grant E.Gardner, 2008). The use of solar energy for production
of electricity is based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect is a process, when light
strikes certain metals and, as a result, electrons are emitted from the metal surface. (Hugh D.Young,
Roger A.Freedman 2008). Photovoltaic cells (PV), known as solar cells, are devices which collect
radiation energy in the form of sunlight and convert into electricity. Solar cells are made of
semiconducting materials, especially silicon. Silicon absorbs photons of light which strike the cells.
The energy of the absorbed light transfers to the silicon semiconductor, after that this energy pushes
electrons out. This is why the can flow freely which leads to the emergence of electric current. The
electrical energy from solar cells can then be used directly. However, considerable amount of solar
energy on PV cells

Engineering Principles And Processes Of A Hybrid Electric...
Table of Contents
Engineering Principles and Processes 2
i. Briefly describe the difference between a "Hybrid Electric Vehicle" and an Electric Vehicle. 2 ii.
With the aid of diagrams explain the difference between a Series and Parallel Hybrid Electric
Vehicles. 2 iii. Research and outline the function, engineering principles and operation of the
following parts of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Include suitable diagrams to aid your explanations. 3
Regenerative braking 3
Battery types used 3
Electric motors 4 5
Internal combustion engine (Relate the information to HEVs) 5
Case Study – Toyota Camry Hybrid 6
i. Location and size of the manufacturing facility. 6 ii. Picture of your vehicle. 6 iii. List the
technical specifications of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ii. With the aid of diagrams explain the difference between a Series and Parallel Hybrid Electric
Vehicles.
Both series and parallel hybrid electric vehicles primarily contain the same parts, however, they are
configured differently. Both types of hybrid electric vehicle contain a gasoline–based engine, a
battery which is rechargeable, an inverter, transmission and an electric motor. The main difference
between the two, disregarding the difference in sizes of the separate parts, is that series hybrid
electric vehicles have a generator whereas in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle the motor acts as a
generator. Moreover, in a parallel HEV, the engine is directly connected to the wheels, however this
is not the case in a series HEV.
In a parallel HEV, the motor and the combustion engine work in accordance to power the vehicle.
The gasoline–based engine and motor are both connected to the transmission. As fuel travels to the
engine or the battery is turned on, it propels the car.
In a series HEV, the motor is charged by the battery or generator (powered by gasoline–based
engine). Thus, the gasoline engine does not directly propel the car, unlike in the parallel HEV. The
transmission is responsible for determining how much energy is required and whether to retrieve it
from the battery or the generator. Pictured above, is a parallel HEV system, as made obvious by the
position of the electric motor and

How To Prevent Chromebook Persuasive Essay
Students think they are taking good care of their Chromebooks, but there is a rule getting in the way
of that. By allowing their batteries to completely deplete destorys the batteries inside. The lithium–
ion batteries lose their ability to hold a charge as they age, and lose that ability even faster if they
completely die. New Chromebooks have an average battery life of 7–9 hours on full charge.
However, when that time decreases, they can barely last the 8 hour school day, with many over a
year old dying in 7th or 8th hour. Chargers should be allowed for Chromebooks over one year old
during the day because a Chromebook's battery life decreases as they are used more, and allowing
their batteries to completely deplete can destroy the Chromebooks. ... Show more content on
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Their Chromebooks are the newest, so they have the maximum battery life. Even if they don't
charge it every night, it still can survive the day. However, once it has had that hard use over a year,
its battey life decreases. Now, many students with Chromebooks one year old can't last the day,
regardless of how much they charged it. Others who do not go to school have the same problem,
making it a common issue. "Issue description: I've had my chromebook for about 17 months...
Within the past month, the life has plummeted to maybe 2 hours on minimum screen brightness and
basic web surfing/Google Drive work/etc (no YouTube, no video ads, 5–8 tabs open)."(Itlebo,
Google

Types Of Electric Cars : The Earth Turns Round And Round,...
Wuzhou Zu
Professor Brian Gaines
The Researched Argument
ENGL 1030–37
27 Oct 2016
As the Earth turns round and round, transportation is in evolution. From the first car in the world,
Benz Patent–Motorwagen powered by a 670W internal combustion engine to today's powerful
supercars. But the thing that never change is that they always need to drink fossil fuels, until now.
All of a sudden, many types of electric vehicles are showing up in dealerships. Different than the
jokes in past, people are seriously considering if they need to buy one for lower emission tax, lower
price to feed and more parking space. And even for the polar bear's life, as many advertisements
show. But electric vehicles are not ideally perfect, not as many advertisements show. They are
expensive, they need a long time to be fully charged and they will put power plants in developing
country working under much higher pressure. On top of that, pollution in battery production cannot
be ignored.
The most essential elements of electric cars are lithium, which is defined as a rare metal. Even
though it is not considered as a high–risk metal, "there are growing concerns about risks arising
from the fact that limited regions are producing lithium resources to cover most demand. There are
also concerns about imbalance between demand–supplies and price fluctuations due to monopolistic
supply. Chile has the world's largest reserves of brinesource [SIC] lithium, followed by Bolivia and
Argentina; these three

Why Batteries Are Very Important
Batteries, The Science Behind Them, and Their Importance Batteries are extremely important. But
most people don't know the science behind it or how imperative they really are. Today, I will tell
you about this, the items they power, they're importance, and how they really work. A battery is a
device that stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. When it comes to the use of
batteries, they are imperative to most people's lives. They're used for practically everything like
flashlights, watches, calculators, phones, laptops, and power tools. Bigger things include cars,
trucks, buses, lawn mowers, wheel chairs, forklifts, trains, and satellites. So they're very important
and even more important when you consider that they power smoke and carbon dioxide detectors.
As said before, society is heavily impacted by batteries. Without them, everything would always
need to be plugged in, or need to be charged. There'd be lots of outlets and plugs without batteries.
But how many important everyday items do we use that run on batteries? Well, there would be no
such thing as wrist watches or flashlights or anything portable that runs on electricity. Batteries
make everything so convenient, we forget about them. Switching on the TV, texting on your mobile
while walking around, or taking pictures would never be so easy if ... Show more content on
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A battery has three main parts: it has two terminals made of chemicals, which are called the anode
and the cathode. There's also the electrolyte, which detaches the two terminals. The electrolyte is a
chemical medium. It allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode and when a
device is connected to a battery the chemical on the anode releases electrons to the negative
terminal. This is called an oxidation reaction. While this is happening, at the positive terminal the
cathode accepts electrons. This completes the circuit for the flow of

Persuasive Speech On Battery Reconditioning
Did you realize it's possible to recondition batteries at home and return them to nearly new
condition? Don't worry if you haven't heard about reconditioning batteries. It's not surprising,
battery manufacturers don't like to talk about it. It's the automotive industry's dirty little secret. After
all would you rush out and buy a new battery if you knew the old one could be restored for pennies?
Eventually everyone has to deal with a dead battery. It's a real pain in the butt when it happens.
Usually the timing couldn't be worse. Like when your running late for work. Never on a day off
when you actually have time to mess with it. If we are lucky we get away without having to call a
tow truck. Otherwise things get expensive real fast. Battery reconditioning cant solve an immediate
problem like this. But there's no reason to experience this ever again. Once you learn how to
recondition batteries you will always have a healthy battery in your vehicle. How about starting a
profitable home business reconditioning batteries? It's really cheap and easy to do. So let's look at
what's going on inside that battery. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is nothing new to you I'm sure. You may not be aware it also produces lead sulfate as it makes
electricity. With a new one this breaks back down to lead and sulfuric acid again. Gradually, as a
battery ages, lead sulfate no longer breaks down but forms crystallized lead sulfate deposits on the
lead plates inside your

History of Chemistry: Improvement in Battery Technology Essay
Through advancements in chemistry dating back to the 1700's, the use of technology is more than
the baby boomers could have dreamed of. Before the end of the 19th century, batteries were the
main source of electricity. Improvements in battery technology made it possible for our generation
to have computers, electric cars, alarm clocks, hand held devices, cell phones, and many other
electrical devices.
Many electrical devices that we use today need a small amount of electricity to make them work. (1)
They get it from a battery. Chemicals work together inside a battery to make electricity. The
electricity travels through wires to make many of the electrical devices work. The battery stops
working when the chemicals are used up. A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1859, the first rechargeable battery was invented.
Batteries that followed the Voltaic Pile included the Daniell Cell, a rechargeable battery made with
nickel and cadmium electrodes in a potassium hydroxide solution. This was the first battery to use
alkaline electrolyte. These batteries were much better, but were very expensive. Zinc–carbon
batteries continued to be popular batteries, but they had a low battery life. In 1955 Leis Urry was
asked to find a way to extend the life of zinc–carbon batteries, but he decided that alkaline batteries
might be a better way to go. Alkaline batteries had been invented but they were so expensive that
people couldn't buy them. Urry's new battery was made using manganese dioxide cathode and a
powdered zinc anode with an alkaline electrolyte. These batteries were available to the public and
sold in 1959.
For many years, the only rechargeable battery was the battery made with nickel and cadmium
electrodes for portable applications. In the 1990s, environmentalists in Europe became concerned
about environmental contamination from these batteries if they were not carefully disposed of. They
began to restrict this chemistry and asked the consumer industry to switch to Nickel–metal–hydride,
an environmentally friendlier battery.
In the 1970's the nickel hydrogen battery was introduced as an energy storage subsystem for
commercial communication satellites. This led the

Lithium Ion Batteries For Electric Vehicle Batteries Essay
Introduction
A lithium–ion (Li–ion) battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses a lithium ion that moves
from a positive electrode (cathode) to a negative electrode (anode) during charging and vice versa
during discharge. Lithium–ion batteries are less environmentally damaging than batteries containing
heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury, but recycling them is still far preferable to incinerating
them or sending them to landfill. Lithium ion batteries are made up of one or more generating
compartments called cells. Each cell is composed of three components: an anode, a cathode, and a
chemical called an electrolyte in between them.
Lithium–ion batteries are becoming more common in portable electronic devices due to their high–
energy density, lack of memory effect, and high charge and discharge rate capabilities. Research and
development work is ongoing to improve safety and increase capacity, charge/discharge rate, and
lifetime. Demand for electric vehicle batteries is currently small, but it is expected to grow very
quickly. China, Japan, South Korea, France, and the United States are the major lithium–ion battery
manufacturers for hybrid and electric vehicle applications.
A lot of information from different sources was gathered with the purpose of comparing different
Li–ion batteries mechanisms, cathode and anode materials, structure and fabrication procedures, and
their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Structure of a lithium ion cell
A lithium

Lithium Ion Batteries And Its Effects
Lithium ion batteries were introduced commercially during the early 1990's as the desire for smaller
and more lightweight rechargeable batteries grew with the increased demand for the improvement of
portable electronic devices (Yoshino, 2012). Prior to this there were commercially available
rechargeable batteries already on the market, predominately in the form of lead–acid (PbA), Nickel–
Cadmium (NiC) and Nickel Metal–hydride (NiMH) batteries. The development of the Lithium ion
(Li–ion) battery began due to the knowledge of lithium's low redox reaction rate and high energy to
weight ratio (Wu, 2015), which, it was believed would make Li–ion batteries a good option for
introducing smaller, more energy rich batteries to the growing market. ... Show more content on
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Through the continuous research and development in the chemistry of Li–ion batteries the
components have been extensively studied in an attempt to find the best materials to ensure a battery
with a high energy capacity and safety features. There are a wide range of cathode materials
available for use in a Li–ion battery. Those with a good level of stability at high temperatures,
insolubility in the electrolyte and good electrical conductivity (Chakrabarti, 2008) being the ideal
choice for the cathode. In general cathodes consist of lithium–metal oxides and these layered or
intercalated oxides containing nickel, cobalt and manganese are those which have been studied most
extensively. Both cobalt and nickel have a high voltage, making these metals excellent options for
the cathode, however, the availability of cobalt is quite limited. Manganese is a low cost substitution
but it has limited cycling behaviour, hence mixtures of these metals are combined to provide a
cathode with a high thermal threshold, good rate capabilities and availability with low toxicity and
low cost (Claus, 2008). Recent studies have highlighted polyoxyanion structures, such as Lithium
Iron Phosphate, as options for the cathode material, providing high electrochemical performances as
well as nontoxicity (Chakrabarti, 2008). As with cathode materials, there are many options for the
material of the anode, with each providing different advantages. The Anode requires a high and
reversible

Items and the Resources behind Them
Items and the Resources Behind Them People all over the world are using resources every day that
they do not even think about. People are not aware of where things come from or what happens to
those things after they are no longer in their possession. In the following paragraphs, I will look into
five specific things I make common use of in a week. I chose to conduct my research on plastic
water bottles, mechanical pencils, plastic grocery bags, cell phones, and ear phones. I will expand on
the materials that go into making these items, and where they come from. Additionally, I will look
into what happens after they have fulfilled their purpose and whether they are recyclable or not.
Each type of water bottle has a different story. For the most part however, they are made up of
similar materials. It is common that they are made using Polyethylene terephtalate plastics, which
are also known as virgin plastics. The plastic is made by mixing hydrocarbons that are extracted
from crude oil with chemical catalysts. The manufacturing process is described as each bottle being
sterilized, filled, capped, labeled, packed into cases, and prepared for shipping. Transporting and
distributing these bottles consists of shipping them in lightweight materials which are good for the
environment since it cuts down on fuel costs. Most people only use water bottles until that 1 serving
is gone. But they may be reused or recycled. When they are recycled, the plastic bottles are shredded
into

The Pros And Cons Of Lead And Acid Battery
The lead/acid battery has been in common use in automobiles since 1915 or so. It has plates of lead
in sulphuric acid solution in water. One of the sets of lead plates is coated with lead dioxide. As such
a battery discharges it creates two chemical reactions, one at the anode that ends up with an excess
of electrons, and one at the cathode that ends up short electrons.
Fuel combustion is the process of where fuel is burnt that releases heat and light which is an
exothermic reaction meaning it releases heat. The fuel is a hydrocarbon, which reacts with oxygen to
release energy however a small amount of heat energy is needed to start fuel combustion. The
products to the reaction are carbon dioxide and water.
The car battery starts its engine it also gives power needed for stabilization as well as ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The positive side to fuel combustion is that complete combustion (taking place where there is
enough air) releases carbon dioxide instead of carbon monoxide (which is harmful) is produced. As
it may seem as a positive aspect it still can be negative– too much can cause environmental issues
such as global warming. Also carbon monoxide produced in incomplete combustion can cause smog
and acid rain– which has a negative effect to the environment.
As for car batteries the energy density is twice of standard nickel cadmium. This means battery pack
design are only one cell whereas if it was nickel based it may require 3 cells, which is more
efficient. However the Lithium–ion in car batteries is flammable and producing the batteries require
toxic materials such as nickel and copper, which can cause cancer to respiratory problems. Not only
it can be a health problem but has an effect on the environment as well. The production of batteries
cause resource depletion and speed up global warming due to the dangerous gases it releases when

Environmental Challenges Facing American Auto Industry
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY The
environmental challenges facing American auto industry is very huge, as a result of large number of
vehicles on the road causing air emission, pollution of the environment that has a negative impact to
people's health today, due to the toxicology and the effect of carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide
emission on the environment. These has also contributed to the climate change, death and
disappearing of some species of wild life today in the United States. Waste stream has been
accumulated with vehicles that are out of service, road ban, and they are contributing to the
environmental concerns in terms of their poor storage management and lack of proper plan for
disposal of such hazardous material, lack of adequate recycling plan for vehicle component or parts.
Brake debris and particle: The brake debris of vehicle is a significant challenge facing the auto
company due to the toxicology of the brake particles which increases high rate of toxicity in the soil
and led to accumulation of black carbon that affect lungs, through inhalation especially in urban
settlement. The impact goes along to affect the end users and manufacturers of this auto vehicle due
to exposure and inhalation of dangerous fumes, mist, chemicals, used in manufacturing of the
vehicles, and its spare part. Vehicle brakes should be manufactured to reduce wear, tear, and
compounding of less toxic materials. Emphasis and special consideration

Cordless Drill History
The Battery drill, also known as the cordless drill, is an incredible tool regarding the convenience of
use and portability. A lithium–ion battery usually powers the modern battery drill. They are
lightweight and powerful tools making them perfect for areas with no power. Selecting the right
cordless drill can be a daunting task considering the variety of brands available in the market today.
Here is what you must know when choosing your ultimate cordless drill. Power The battery voltage
primarily determines a drill's power. The voltage determines the twisting force of the drill. More
voltage gives the drill more torque. If you are intending to use the drill for light tasks such as driving
screws or fixing the door knobs, then a 12 to 14–volt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They can deliver two different speeds regulated by a switch or a regulator. When driving screws,
you can set the drill to low speed giving 300–400 revolutions per minute (rpm). For heavy drilling,
setting the speed high speed provides you with an rpm of 1200–1600. If your task is onerous, you
should select a battery drill with a high (the highest possible) drilling speed and with a range of
speed settings to give you the versatility of matching speed with the kind of task you intend to
perform. Weight Always consider lighter drills as this will help you work for a longer period and
with less fatigue. It also takes less time when drilling with a lighter drill. Recent battery drills are
improved and lighter than their predecessors. They are gentler on your hands and easier to use when
performing a task. Heavy drills will weigh you down with fatigue. Charger type A new drill comes
with a charger. Some chargers require up to five hours to fully power the battery while others take
only 20 minutes. If you intend to buy a battery drill for continuous use, then a battery charger that
uses less time is a good option. There is no better drill to work with than the one you know and trust.
Before purchasing a battery driver, use these guidelines to familiarize yourself with the battery drills
available on the market. Always go for good drills that are known and

Building Integrated Photovoltaics For Environmental...
As petroleum, coal and natural gas have been consumed increasingly faster in recent years,
alternative energy, especially solar energy, which is potential, efficient, eco–friendly and adequate,
has been applied in a variety of areas. Furthermore, Lombard, Ortiz, and Pout claimed that it is an
unexpected fact that building expend up to 40% of global energy consumption. (2008, P394) As a
result, many governments and scientists suggest utilizing building–integrated photovoltaics to the
public. This article will explain the innovation of building–integrated photovoltaics and describe its
applications in current buildings. It will then evaluate the contribution of building–integrated
photovoltaics to environmental protection and energy saving. Building–integrated photovoltaics
(BIPV) is a new method of building that applies photovoltaic materials, which are based on the
photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry, using
semiconducting materials to convert light into electricity, to substitute for traditional materials in
some portions of the building, such as the roof and the curtain wall. (Steven, 2010) Additionally,
Roberts and Guariento (2009, P11) mentioned that unlike traditional solar thermal systems, the
photovoltaic system installed in a building is not only the apparatus that producing electricity, but
also a component of a building. The original photovoltaic (PV) systems in buildings began
occurring in the 1970s. Due to no

Top Of The Line Hearing Protection
3M Peltor WS 100 Communications Headset Review | Top of the Line Hearing Protection
In this review I will be taking at a top of the line Bluetooth enabled set of ear protection from 3M
called teh Peltor WS 100 Communications Headset. This particular set of headphones is great for
sound protection, especially if you 're looking for high–quality sound and the ability to engage in
person–to–person and phone conversations without having to remove your earmuffs.
Quick Review
INSERT CHART
In–Depth Review of 3M Peltor WS 100 Communications Headset
Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)
These headphones have a NRR of 20 dB, which isn 't an extreme level of protection, but it is still
really good and will be more than enough for just about every workplace and/or yard noise. In
addition to protecting your ears, these headphones also work to increase low–level sounds and
decrease higher–level sounds. This means that, even when wearing your Pelter hearing protection,
you 'll still be able to hear people talking to you!
Another really great feature that 3M has built into these is how they protect your hearing not only
from outside noises, but also from the audio playing through the built–in speakers. It has two
settings to reduce the Bluetooth sound to no more than 82 dB at all times or an 82 dB average over
an 8 hour period (which is the maximum length of exposure for that level of dB over that period of
time).
Battery Life
According the the manufacters, 3M, the battery life of

My Myths On Smartphones
myths about the battery on smartphones – Along with the development of smartphones, not to miss
the battery also underwent development as complementary resources on Smartphones, which
indirectly old tips or knowledge about old battery also underwent changes. And there are still many
who believe the old myths about the extended battery on a smartphone or any other electronic
device. What are the myths?
Myth: empty the battery before charging it again Statements like this are often times we hear or
read, but it does not apply to battery technology at this time, empty the battery to full fill it back up.
Oprekers need to know, batteries in times now using lithium–ion which means it will not experience
problems such as batteries in ancient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Myth: Charging The Battery Overnight Can Shorten Battery Usage This myth is similar to the
calibration, it used to be possible in this way can damage the battery with "overcharging", or let the
battery fully charged all the time. On the type of Li–ion battery of antiquity, if too long is plugged in
it will be overheating or it could cause an explosion (in some cases). That will ultimately reduce the
capacity of the load and the battery lifespan.
But then again, these days the charger and smartphone is smart enough to prevent this from
happening. Charging too long indeed still can cause degradation on battery life, but with the
technology now, it can be prevented and minimized as much as possible, keep the battery between
20%–80%, with this proven way will extend battery life itself. And the good news is the charge the
battery overnight when Oprekers sleep, even to the full, not much effect negatively to the battery at
this time is different on the battery in the old

Lithium Ion Batteries Case Study
A123 Systems History of Lithium–Ion Batteries Rechargeable battery evolution accelerated as the
world transitioned to instruments enabled by silicon microchip technology from those of bulky
electrical components. Mobile devices were designed to be powered by lightweight energy storage
systems. The development of batteries for this rapidly evolving market was challenging: The nickel
cadmium battery had been the only option for modern electronics for many years. It was a great
improvement over carbon batteries. Later, nickel–hydride batteries became the technology of choice.
Lithium–ion batteries became available in the 1990s, offering higher energy densities. This
technology won out nickel–hydride. The lithium–ion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Howard Anderson was the founder of the venture capital firm "Yankee Tek" and a lecturer at MIT
Sloan School. He had previously funded two of Fulop's previous ventures and gave him office space
to be an "entrepreneur in residence" while he sought his next venture. Fulop began investigating
innovations in the battery industry and discovered Chiang's research lab. He was enthused by the
self–organizing battery concept and the opportunity for a battery with four times the energy density
of the available lithium–ion technology that could be charged one hundred times faster. Both Chiang
and Fulop decided that the new venture would be an early stage company dedicated to further
development of the self–assembly battery. They brought on Bart Riley as the R&D leader (he had
spent 11 years at Chiang's company "Superconductor"). A123 negotiated an exclusive license to the
key patent filings from Chiang's lab with MIT's technology and licensing office. A123 put together
the first round of financing of $8.3 M in December 2002 (Northbridge Ventures, Sequoia, Sparta
Group, Yankee Tek and MIT's Venture Fund). Four months later, an additional $4m was raised from
Motorola and Qualcomm, both incredible technology companies and users of lithium–ion batteries.
Howard Anderson (Yankee Tek) saw these corporate investments as

The Concept Of Smart Grids Design
In order to identify one major issue in smart grids design, we propose a thought experiment: what if
we could built a smart power supply system from scratch? Would we rely on existing concepts, or
we would adopt a radically different approach? Imagine this new, technologically advanced, country
called Newlandia. Newlandia may or may not be particularly rich with energy generating natural
resources and has never had a power supply system. However, Newlandia enjoys major benefits: it
is free from political hurdles, existing infrastructure from other producers, and technological and
financial limitations, giving the designers unlimited choices and a single objective in mind: design a
reliable power system. Since the authors of this assignment ... Show more content on
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At first glance this makes much more sense in remote areas where grid connections are impractical
or economically infeasible to built. However this approach is even more promising in urban areas.
In Newlandia, electric cars are the new normal, which will not be an outlandish stretch of the
imagination in the real world in 20–30 years. Each day, car owners would come home from work,
turn on the lights, put the kettle on, turn the oven on to make dinner and of course, plug in their car.
This will dramatically increase peak power demand, which is practically impossible to supply by
using nuclear or coal plants for example, or alternatively, many more plants would have to be built.
In such scenario, probably the classical, centralised power supply system is not the optimal option.
But if we were to chose the distributed approach, what would be the main obstacle when it comes to
realising this vision? The answer, we believe, lies in energy storage. Energy storage is the only link
in the chain that has the potential to partially or even completely eliminate the challenges of power
grid design. These include, but are not limited to, distributed deployment of renewable energy,
energy intermittency, transmission congestion, frequency/voltage regulation, growth of loads on
feeders, power quality

Facial Hair Swilding
Don't you think having so many unwanted facial hairs is so untidy and annoying? With Wahl 9918–
6171 Groomsman Beard and Mustache Trimmer your grooming experience will not be the same
again. If you are one of the million people who love to groom yourself and keep your beard evenly
trimmed, probably you should look into this unique device that is gaining popularity at an amazing
rate.
Comfortable shaving and trimming because of the outstanding features!
Wahl is considered to be one of the leading manufacturers of trimming and hair cutting tools that
comes with superior quality at an affordable price. This unique product has been designed for the
trimming and maintenance of your beard and mustache. It is an ideal device for your daily beard
maintenance and you can even try out new styles at the convenient of your home. The blades are
made of high carbon steel that has longer durability and also ensures a close and precise cut. The
tool is equipped ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The product weighs 9.3 ounces.
The accessories include beard regulator, the jaw line blender, two close–trim attachments, mustache
comb, a cleaning brush and cleaning oil.
It features Cord or Cordless Operations with LED and Acculock 6–position Trim Guide.
The storage stand holds the trimmer and all the accessories.
It also includes a travel pouch and ergonomic handle with soft–grip pads.
Customers' reviews:
Wahl 9918–6171 Groomsman Beard and Mustache Trimmer is overall a good product that comes at
an amazing price rate. The trimmer gives a nice trim without any pulling or irritation. There are few
customers who have complaints regarding the attachment system which according to them could
have been better. Due to the mixed reactions from the customers its rating is 3.7 stars out of 5 at
Amazon. But this product lives upto the reputation of quality trimmer at an affordable price. Get
more information about the product, bumper offers and its shipping rate at

Deka-Marine Battery Review
Deka Marine Battery Review Choosing a marine battery is not always easy. There are so many
choices and it is difficult to tell which one is going to be best for your needs. There are many who
say that Deka is best, but what do the reviews show? Read our Deka Marine Battery review to find
out how it stacks up against others. What Makes the Deka Marine Battery Better? According to our
Deka battery review, these batteries are 12 volts. They are rugged in design, are not affected by
vibrations, and completely leak proof as well as spill proof. When you get it, it will be sealed and
ready to use. All you have to do is put it into your boat or jet ski. If you are wondering how it
compares to the Optima Blue Top marine battery, you should know

The Steam Engine: Not One Part Of The Industrial Revolution
The Steam Engine
"The wonderful progress of the present century is, in a very great degree, due to the invention and
improvement of the steam engine, and to the ingenious application of its power to kinds of work that
formerly taxed the physical energies of the human race."~Robert H. Thurston
The steam engine can easily be considered the single most important invention of the entire
industrial revolution. There is not one part of industry present in today's society that can be
examined without coming across some type of reference or dependence upon the steam engine. But,
who deserves the credit for this great invention? Some give the credit to James Watt while others
claim that Thomas Newcomen was the original inventor. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It is believed that the first attempt to actually make steam use practical occurred in 1543 upon a
naval ship. Blasco de Garay, a Spanish naval officer, attempted to move the paddle wheels of the
ship with what could possibly be considered a steam engine. This account however is not well
credited because nothing is really known about the make–up of the so called steam engine except
that it contained a "vessel of boiling water." In 1601, Giovanni Battista della Porta described a
machine that could be used to raise a column of water with the use of steam. He described this
machine in a work entitled "Spiritali." Porta's work included a vacuum created by the condensation
of steam into which water would flow. Porta's apparatus, was called the "Pneumatica." Porta's
machine was described as being able to raise water with steam pressure. Although Porta's machine
was never applied to any practical uses, he accurately described the necessary presence of a vacuum
created by steam to raise the water. Another man that is mistakenly given a lot of credit for the
invention of the steam engine is Edward Somerset, Marquis of Worcester. The Marquis has been
hailed as the originator of the machine that was used to raise water by the force of fire. However, the
Marquis never actually built such a machine. The only machine

Secondary Batteries
Batteries are essential for the wireless heart monitors to operate. A battery is composed of
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy to electrical energy and consists of a
cathode (the positive terminal) and an anode (the negative terminal). The battery needs to connect to
the external circuits of the wireless heart monitor, and electrolytes move and cause the electrolytes
to act as ions and preform work. There are two ways in which batteries can behave: a primary and a
secondary battery. Primary batteries are disposable after one use and secondary batteries can be
reused after being charges. In primary batteries once the electrodes have changed during battery use,
they cannot b0e changed back. Secondary batteries can be recharged, and the initial make–up of the
electrodes can be changed by a reverse–current. Primary batteries are mainly used in devices that
require low amounts of energy and are not left on perpetually. Secondary batteries are best suited to
devices that are constantly used such as hearing aids and car batteries[1]. ... Show more content on
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Alkaline batteries are usually used for flashlights and headphones. Lead–acid are usually used for
cars and some of the older generations of this battery contains liquid electrolyte in an open
container. It must be kept upright of make sure that the dispersion of hydrogen gas is safe if
undergoing overcharging. The lead–acid battery is incredibly heavy on comparison to the amount of
energy that is given off. Closed valve–regulated lead–acid battery, is also commonly used in modern
cars. Two types of these closed batteries can be found: Gel batteries and Absorbed Glass

The Physics Behind The Electric Vehicle
The Physics behind the Electric Vehicle It has been estimated that there will be approximately 1200
million motor vehicles by the year 2020. That is almost twice the number of cars that are already
traveling on our busy roads. Due to this ever increasing vehicle population, the demand for fuel will
continue to increase as well. With the depleting supply of oil already an issue for the U.S. especially,
there is a growing interest in alternative energy fuels that can be used to power motor vehicles.
Electric vehicles (EV) are one of the cleanest and most environmentally friendly cars available at
this point in time. By definition, an electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more
electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable or another energy storage device. The
electric motors used in these cars gives off instant torque, creating strong and smooth acceleration.
Some of the models of EVs have an electric motor for each wheel. Having these four motors not
only allows for better propulsion, but also for the use of braking and changing the kinetic energy
back into chemical energy in the batteries. The traction that the car gets is also increased with each
wheel driving. In some of the EV models the electric motors can be mounted directly inside the
mounting for the wheel, which enables a loss of all the moving parts between the motor and the
wheel. When there is no axle, differential, or transmission, the EVs have less drivetrain

Electric Cars Speech

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