The document defines the Earth system as being composed of four interdependent spheres - the hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. These spheres interact within the defined boundary of Earth. The document also states that destructive forces like natural disasters and constructive forces such as earthquakes and volcanoes can change the Earth by creating new land or destroying areas. However, it argues that life on the planet may not be fully linked since different human behaviors, both positive and negative, impact the environment in varying ways.