slide on the history of computer for the school level.

1. Welcome

2. History of computer
The Mechanical Era

3. Abacus
• Attempts by humans to develop a tool to manipulate
data go back as far as 3000 BC when the Chinese
came up with the abacus.
• This is the first calculating device invented by human
beings consists of a wooden frame, which is divided by
a mid-bar into two sections called heaven and earth.

4. Napier’s
Bone
• The Scottish mathematician John Napier makes the
arithmetic calculation faster and easier with the
invention of system of algorithm in 1614 A.D.
• Napier built a mechanical device known as ‘Napier’s
bones’ for the purpose of multiplication and division
in 1617 A.D.

5. Slide Rule
• An English mathematician, William Oughtred
invented Slide Rule in 1920 A.D.
• Slide Rule is an analog device that works on the
principle of logarithms.
• It consists of two marked rules where one ruler can
slide over another rule.

6. Pascaline
Machine
• In 1642, French mathematician Blaise Pascal invented
first mechanical calculator named Pascaline to help his
father that could add and subtract the number by
using the series of eight rotating wheels

7. Stepped
Rockoner
• The German philosopher and mathematician
Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz built a mechanical
device that could both multiply and divide.
• It was improved form of Pascaline. In 1694, Leibniz
modified and named it Stepped Reckoner.

8. Jacquard’s
Loom
• In 1801 the Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard
invented a power loom that could design different
patterns on woven fabric.

9. Babbage
Engines
• He developed and demonstrated a working model of mechanical
computer called difference engine in 1822.
• In 1833 the English mathematician Charles Babbage conceived
an analytical engine, which could be programmed with punched
cards to carry out calculations. It was different from its
predecessors because it was able to make decisions based on its
own computations, such as sequential control, branching and
looping.
• Almost all computers in use today follow this basic idea laid out
by Babbage, which is why he is often referred to as 'the father of
computers.'

10. Lady
Augusta
Ada
Lovelace
• Augusta was the lady who helped Babbage in
programming the mathematical tables for the
analytical engine.
• She suggested Charles Babbage to use Binary digits
and recognized as the first programmer.

11. Hollerith’s
Tabulator
• Dr. Herman Hollerith invented Tabulating Machine
consisted of a card reader.
• It used the method of card punching for storing data.

12. Practice time
Fill in the blanks:
• The ________ was the first device used for calculations.
• Napier's bone was invented by John Napier in ______.
• Joseph Marie Jacquard invented _______ in 1804.
• Stepped Reckoner was invented by _______.
• Charles Babbage invented _________ and ________.
• ________ is considered the first computer programmer.

13. Practice time
True or False:
• Dr. Herman Hollerith devised a tabulating machine.
• Blasé Pascal invented a mechanical calculator to help his brother.
• The high-level programming language, ADA was named after lady Augusta.
• Lady Ada is considered the first programmer of computer.
• Charles Babbage is known as the father of modern computers.

14. Electromechanical
Era

15. Harvard
Mark-I
• Howard Aiken with IBM engineers started building
the first Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASCC), which was completed in 1944 A.D.
• This computer could carry out five operations,
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and
reference to previous results.

16. ABC
(Atanasoff-
Berry
Computer)
• The ABC is considered as the first computing machine
which introduced the idea of binary arithmetic,
memory and logic circuits.
• It was built during 1938-1942 A.D.

17. Electronic Era

18. ENIAC
(Electronic
Numerical
Integrator
and
Calculator)
• ENIAC was built in 1946 A.D.
• It was based on decimal number system. It has
18,000 vacuum tubes, and 70,000 registers.

19. EDSAC
(Electronic
Delay
Storage
Automatic
Computer)
• Maurice Wilkes invented it in 1949.
• It also used vacuum tubes.
• It was the first stored program computer.

20. EDVAC
(Electronic
Discrete
Variable
Automatic
Computer)
• EDVAC was developed by Professor J. P. Eckert and
John W. Mauchly in 1952.
• This computer operated electronically and used to
store the data and instruction as well.

21. UNIVAC-I
(Universal
Automatic
Computer)
• It was the first computer manufactured for
commercial use and general-purpose digital
computer.

22. History of
Computer
in Nepal
• Firs of all, computer was brought in
Nepal in the year 1972 (2028 BS) by
the Government.
• This was the second-generation
computer of the IBM company
called IBM 1401.
• The government had paid Rs.
1,25,000 per month as a rent for
this computer.
• Census Department, Kathmandu
used it to process the census of 1
crore 12.5 lakh population taking 1
year, 1 month and 15 days. After the
completion of this work, it was kept
in Nepal for further use.

23. Practice time
Full form
• ABC
• ENIAC
• EDSAC
• UNIVAC
• ASCC

24. Review of History of Computer
• The abacus was invented by Chinese people.
• The Napier's bone was invented by John Napier and it was used for complex
multiplication.
• The slide Rule was an analog divide invented by William Oughtred in 1620.
• Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline to help his father who was a tax collector.
• Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, is know as the father of modern computers.
• Lady Augusta Ada is considered to be the first computer programmer.
• Dr. Herman Hollerith, an American census statistician, devised a machine called the
Tabulating Machine.
• Stored program concept was introduced by John Von Neumann.
• ENIVAC was the first large-scale general-purpose computer.
• The first computer brought to Nepal was IBM 1401.

25. Question/Answer
Session
Who was John Napier? Write his
contribution.
Who is considered as the first
computer programmer and why?
Charles Babbage is called the Father
of Modern Computer. Write reasons.
Write the contribution of John Von
Neumann in the history of computers.
Write short note on history of
computer in Nepal.

26. Any
Questions?

27. Thank You!