.

1. PRACTICUM REPORT
BASIC PHYSICS
"OHM LAW II"
COLLECTION DATE: 7th
of March 2018 M
PRACTICUM DATE: 12th
of March 2018 M
"OHM LAW II"
FINAL DUTY PRACTICUM PRACTICUM
A. OBJECTIVES
1. Students can determine the price of obstacles in an obstacle.
2. Able to determine the amount of resistance in the battery.
3. Students can determine the series and parallel resistance values.
4. Able to distinguish between closed and open circuits.
5. Students can understand more about the electromotive force (GL).
B. BASIC THEORY
Components such as batteries and electric generators that change
from one type of energy (chemical, mechanical, light, etc.). Being electrical
energy is called a place or source of electric motion or (GL). (Giancoli,
2001: 102)
The resistance in the battery is an obstacle that has been owned and
indeed is inside the battery itself. The resistance in the battery is also an
obstacle that exists for the charge that flows freely in the electrolyte between
the electrodes. When the current is pulled and the battery voltage between
the positive and negative terminals drops from the force of the electric
motion or not constant. This is caused by a reaction on the battery that
cannot enter the charge quite efficiently. To maintain (GLD) full there are
obstacles called obstacles in the battery, therefore, the battery can be said to
be the ideal battery with (GGL) arranged in series against obstacles. The
pinch voltage is also external stress. (Giancoli, 2014: 196-197)

2. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
The electromotive force (GGL) of a battery is the maximum voltage
that may be produced by a battery between its poles. In a battery circuit
connected by a resistor, the cable or connecting wire has no obstacles. The
positive pole of the battery has a potential difference that is greater than the
negative pole. Therefore a real battery is made of material, so there is an
obstacle in the charge flow inside. This obstacle is called resistace
internal(r). For ideal batteries with resistance is zero, the potential difference
in the battery called pinch voltage is the same as the electric motion force
itself (GGL). On a battery that has a pinch voltage, it is not the same as GGL
for a battery in a circuit where there is a current. (Serway, et al. 2010: 398)
The resistance in the battery comes from its constituent material, and
especially the chemical process produced. The value of r tends to increase
because of the residual chemical process in the battery. With the existence
of r, the flowing electricity becomes smaller or tends to shrink. The current
produced is due to the resistance in being:
𝐼 =
𝜀
𝑅 + 𝑟
The resulting current becomes smaller when r increases. A battery
that has large resistance in r, we call it has been damaged, even if the battery
voltage is measured using a voltmeter at both ends, the resulting voltage
does not appear to decrease. (Ishaq, 2007: 76)
GGL or electric motion force means a potential difference between
terminals. Source if there is no current flowing into the outer circuit. The
term GGL can be searched by the following equation:
𝜀 = 𝑉 + 𝐼𝑟𝑑
Description: (E) is the electric force or (GGL), (V) is the pinch
voltage, (I) is the current strength. Electric current cannot flow when the
circuit is open, because when the circuit is open there is no voltage source.
(Tripler, 1991: 204)
The resistance value of a conductor is influenced by the length of
the wire, the diameter of the wire, and the type of wire. The longer the
wire, the greater the resistance of the wire, the greater the diameter of the

3. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
wire, the smaller the resistance of the wire. If the type of wire is not the
same, the resistance is not the same. (Purwoko, 2007: 239)
C. TOOLS AND MATERIALS
NO IMAGES
NAME OF TOOLS AND
MATERIALS
1
Battery size D and battery
arm
2 Lamp
3 One pole switch one line
4 Connecting Cable
5 Capitals of Crocodiles
6 2 pieces of multimeter

4. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
D. WORK STEPS
NO IMAGES WORK STEP
1 Prepare tools and materials
2
Use one battery, then
assemble it from the switch,
then light
3 Make a series in series.
4
Create sequences in parallel,
such as Ohm's Law I lab.
5
Experiment with two batteries
and then arrange them in
series.
6
Experiment with two batteries
and then arrange them in
series.

5. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
E. DATA EXPERIMENT
Experiment I
Measure one battery
No
E
(volt)
V (volts) I (ampere) Rd (Ω) Lamp
1 1.52 1.17 0.07 5
Dimm
er
2 1.52 1.26 0.07 3.714286
dimm
er
3 1.52 1.24 0.07 4
dimm
er
4 1.52 1.24 0.07 4
dimm
er
5 1.52 1.22 0.07 4.285714 dim
averageRd 4.2 dim
Experiment II
Pegukuran two batteries arranged in series
No
E
(volts)
V (volts) I (ampere) Rd (Ω) Lamp
1 3.01 2.6 0.1 4.1 Bright
2 3.01 2.66 0.1 3, 5 Bright
3 3.01 2.62 0.1 3.9 Bright
4 3.01 2.55 0.1 4.6 Bright
5 3.01 2.48 0.1 5.3 Light
Average Rd 4, 28 Light
Experiment III
Pegukuran two batteries arranged in parallel
No. E (volts)
V
(volts)
I (ampere) Rd (Ω) Light
1 1.5 1.24 0.07 3.71429 Light
2 1.5 1.28 0,07 3,14286 Bright
3 1,5 1,23 0,07 3,85714 Bright
4 1,5 1,26 0,07 3,42857 Bright
5 1,5 1,26 0,07 3,42857 Bright
FlatRd
-
rata3,51429
Bright

6. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
F. DATA PROCESSING
N
o
(1). Measurement of One
Battery
N
o
(2). Measurement of Two
Batteries (Series)
1
Dik:
E = 1.52 V
V = 1.17 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.52 − 1.17
0.07
𝑅 = 5 𝛺
1
Dik:
E = 3.01 V
V = 2.6 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
3.01 − 2.6
0.1
𝑅 = 4.1 𝛺
2
Dik:
E = 1.52 V
V = 1.26 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.52 − 1.26
0.07
𝑅 = 3.714286 𝛺
2
Dik:
E = 3.01 V
V = 2.66 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
3.01 − 2.66
0.1
𝑅 = 3.5 𝛺
3
Dik:
E = 1.52 V
V = 1.24 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.52 − 1.24
0.07
𝑅 = 4 𝛺
3
Dik:
E = 3.01 V
V = 2.62 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅
=
3.01 − 2.62
0.1
𝛺
𝑅 = 3.9 𝛺
4
Dik:
E = 1.52 V
V = 1.24 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
4
Dik:
E = 3.01 V
V = 2.55 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼

7. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
𝑅 =
1.52 − 1.24
0.07
𝑅 = 4 𝛺
𝑅
=
3.01 − 2.55
0.1
𝛺
𝑅 = 4.6 𝛺
5
Dik:
E = 1.52 V
V = 1.22 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.52 − 1.22
0.07
𝑅 = 4.285714 𝛺
5
Dik:
E = 3.01 V
V = 2.48 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅
=
3.01 − 2.48
0.1
𝛺
𝑅 = 5.3 𝛺
N
o
(3). Measurement of Two
Batteries (Parallel)
N
o
Average Test (I, II, and III)
1
Dik:
E = 1.5 V
V = 1.24 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.5 − 1.24
0.07
𝑅 = 3.71429 𝛺
1
𝑅𝑋
=
𝑅(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)
5
𝑅𝑋
=
5 + 3.71 + 4 + 4 + 4.29
5
𝑅𝑋 = 4.2 𝛺
2
Dik:
E = 1.5 V
V = 1.28 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.5 − 1.28
0.07
𝑅 = 3.14286 𝛺
2
𝑅𝑋
=
𝑅(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)
5
𝑅𝑋
=
4.1 + 3.5 + 3.9 + 4.6 + 5.3
5
𝑅𝑋 = 4.28 𝛺
3
Dik:
E = 1.5 V
V = 1.23 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.5 − 1.23
0.07
𝑅 = 3.85714 𝛺
3
𝑅𝑋
=
𝑅(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)
5
𝑅𝑋
=
3.71 + 3.14 + 3.86 + 3.43 + 3.43
5
𝑅𝑋 = 3.51 𝛺

8. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
4
Dik:
E = 1.5 V
V = 1.26 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.5 − 1.26
0.07
𝑅 = 3.42857 𝛺
5
Dik:
E = 1.5 V
V = 1.26 A
Dit Rd?
𝑅 =
𝐸𝑉
𝐼
𝑅 =
1.5 − 1.26
0.07
𝑅
= 3.42857 𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑁
G. DISCUSSION
Based on the practicum that the practitioner has done. Praktikan
conducted three experiments which include measuring the voltage before
the switch is turned on and after the switch is turned on using a parallel
battery. Two batteries arranged in parallel, and two batteries arranged in
series.
Ohm's second law discusses about pinch stress and GL. When the
current does not flow, the potential between the two poles is called GGL.
The circuit connected with a plant or difference is called a pinch voltage.
Based on the experimental results obtained, it is known that the
voltage value before the switch will be read by the multimeter means that
even though the switch has not been turned on, there is an internal voltage
owned by a battery called GGL, while the voltage read by the multimeter
when the switch is turned on is called voltage .
Based on experiments that have been carried out that the voltage
value before the switch is turned on is greater than the voltage value after
the switch is turned on, meaning that the GL value is greater than the pinch

9. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
voltage. This is because the electrical element has an inner position, which
is represented by r, the resistance in this will work when the element is
coupled with a closed electrical circuit so that this obstacle will reduce the
GGL of the source, when the circuit is closed a lot of current must be
divided. Some of the electrical energy is converted to heat and light energy,
this is what causes the value of the pinch voltage to be smaller than the value
of GL.
In this experiment, there were three experiments, namely the internal
resistance on one battery, two batteries arranged in series, and two batteries
arranged in parallel. This first experiment obtained an average of the
internal resistance of the battery which is 4.2 Ω, then the average resistance
in the battery is obtained, there are two batteries arranged in series, namely
4.28 Ω, and on two batteries arranged in a parallel of 3.51 Ω.
Of the three experiments, the voltage value in the battery arranged
in series on two batteries is greater than that of the battery arranged in
parallel and one battery, because in the series the voltage value is the sum
of the two voltages contained in both batteries and the ampere rating
contained in the series circuit is greater than the parallel circuit or one
battery, the greater the electric current, the greater or the brighter the flame
of the lamp produced.
In a series of batteries, there are lights, the lights are dimmed, all
from five experiments, and so are the two batteries that are arranged in
parallel. The lights obtained in five trials are all dimmed, but different from
the two batteries arranged in series of lights. what is obtained is the light of
all five trials.
The internal resistance value of a single battery circuit is greater than
that of a battery arranged in series and parallel. With an average of 4.28 Ω.
This is due to the value of the current produced when the closed circuit is of
little value so that the resistance in the resulting becomes larger.

10. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
In the three batteries, the two battery lights arranged in series are the
brightest. This is because the current and voltage produced are also greater
than that of a single battery and a series of two batteries arranged in parallel.
In this lab, the practitioner is still doing a lot of practice in the lab so
that there might be some that are not in accordance with the theory, which
among them may be less careful when taking data, and also maybe there are
tools that are damaged or the components are no longer good. Praktikan
successfully carried out this second Ohm Law trial with the guidance of
Ayu.
H. POST PRACTICUM TASKS
1. What is the average price of Rd for all three battery conditions (one
battery, two series batteries, and two parallel batteries)?
Answer:
● The average price of Rd on one battery is 4.2 Ω
● The average price of Rd for two series batteries is 4.28 Ω
● The average price of Rd for two parallel batteries is 3.51 Ω
Based on the results of the lab data the price of Rd highest the battery
that is arranged in two batteries in series.
2. Which battery arrangement has the biggest internal resistance? Tell the
factors that caused it?
Answer:
From the results of the experiment, namely, the battery arrangement
which has the biggest obstacle is two batteries arranged in series 4.28
Ω, because the magnitude of V is proportional or directly proportional
to R. The value of internal resistance in a single battery circuit is greater
than the battery arranged series and parallel. With an average of 4.28 Ω.
This is due to the value of the current produced when the closed circuit
is of little value so that the resistance in the resulting becomes larger.
3. Which battery arrangement has the smallest resistance? Tell the factors
that caused it?
Answer:

11. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
From the results of the experiment, namely, the arrangement of the
battery that has the smallest resistance is on two batteries arranged in
parallel 3.51 Ω. because the value of the current produced when the
closed circuit is of smaller value so that the resistance in the resulting
becomes smaller.
4. What is the biggest GLD produced by the battery arrangement? Point
out the causes?
Answer: The
biggest GGL is produced by the arrangement of two batteries arranged
in series because the voltage in the series can be calculated by adding
directly to each component. Because in the series of series each pole of
the two batteries is connected in direct contact so that it seems as if the
battery is one and the resistance value is getting bigger ... this factor is
caused by the voltage applied to two batteries is larger and added in a
series,
I. CONCLUSION
Based The practicum that has been done can be concluded that:
1. The biggest obstacle in the largest is owned by a battery arranged
in series on two batteries.
2. The circuit is closed when the current can flow in the circuit (V).
3. Open circuit when there is no current flowing.
4. The GLD value is greater than the pinch voltage.
5. TheRvalued largest in series with two batteries, then the circuit with
one battery, and finally on two batteries arranged in parallel.
J. COMMENT
1. On practicum checking, tools and materials are very necessary.
2. Praktikan must be more thorough and understand the circuit.
3. Praktikan master the material in order to make it easier for the
practicum to take place.

12. OF THE CUTE OF UTUT PARAREL MUHAMMAD
4. The set of tools is arranged precisely so that the tool is not
damaged.
K. REFERENCES
Giancoli, DC (2001). Basic Physics Volume Two. Jakarta: Erlangga
Giancoli, DC (2014). Basic Physics Volume 7, Seventh Edition. Jakarta:
Erlangga.
Ishaq, M. (2007). Basic Physics of Electricity and Magnetism. Yogyakarta:
Graha Ilmu.
Purwoko, et al. (2007). Electrical Physics. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Serway, Raymond A. And John W. Jewett (2010). Physics for Science and
Binding Engineering. Jakarta: Salmeba Teknika.
Tripler, P. (1991). Physics for Science and Engineering. Jakarta: Erlangga
L. ATTACHMENT