8. Recommendation 1
Because of the risk of inducing hyperchloraemic acidosis
in routine practice, when crystalloid resuscitation or replacement is
indicated, balanced salt solutions e.g. Ringer’s lactate/acetate or
Hartmann’s solution should replace 0.9% saline, except in cases
of hypochloraemia e.g. from vomiting or gastric drainage.
Evidence level 1b1-6
9. We do not know if normal ssaalliinnee iiss hhaarrmmffuull oorr
nnoorr eevveenn iiff iitt ccaauusseess hhyyppeerrcchhlloorreemmiicc mmeettaabboolliicc
aacciiddoossiiss..
Liu B, Finfer S: Intravenous fl uids in adults undergoing surgery [editorial].
Br Med J 2009, 339:3-4.
1. Acidosis occurs with high volumes of normal
saline infusion and it is related with chloride
load.
2. There are no adequate studies showing that
hyperchloremia is clinically important even
though saline infusion have some side effects.
Handy JM, Soni N: Physiological eff ects of hyperchloraemia and acidosis.
Br J Anaesth 2008, 101:141-150
12. NNoorrmmaall SSaalliinnee IInnffuussiioonn
116611±±6677 mmll ccrryyssttaallllooiidd
Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2390–2394
Effects of given NaCl on unmeasured
anions, albumin and base excess
28. IInn CCoonncclluussiioonn
No significant differences in creatinine,
Variations have been reported and only slight
differences in NGAL, not clinically relevant,
There is no convincing difference between isotonic
saline strategies and balanced strategies in terms of
renal function
33. CCoonncclluussiioonn
There is not sufficient evidence from the available
literature to suggest that hyperchloraemic acidosis has a
clinically relevant effect on gastrointestinal function.
Some degree of intraoperative
Crystalloid restriction and colloid use may, however, be
associated with an improvement in gastrointestinal
function and outcome.
35. Saudi J Anaesth. 2013 Jan-Mar; 7(1): 48–56
Saudi J Anaesth. 2013 Jan-Mar; 7(1): 48–56
36. CCoonncclluussiioonn
There is little evidence that large volumes of
isotonic saline have a significantly detrimental
effect on coagulation, blood loss or transfusion.
44. HHyyppeerrcchhlloorreemmiiaa aanndd MMoorrttaalliittyy
SOFA +chloride + albumin better for
mortality prediction
Chloride and albumin levels are
independent predictors of mortality.
Journal of Critical Care (2011) 26, 175–179
45. RReessuullttss
Hypercholoremic metabolic acidosis is a side
effect
Mostly observed after the administration of large
volumes of isotonic saline as a crystalloid.
The effect remains moderate and relatively
transient (24 to 48 hours), and is minimized with
the use of colloids,
From the available literature, the evidence for
adverse effects of hyperchloraemic acidosis on
organ function, morbidity or mortality remains
unanswered.
Editor's Notes
22851 hasta preop klor ve böbrek fonksiyonu normal.
>18 yaş nonkardiak,non transplant operasyon yapılan hastalarda veriler retrospektif toplanmış
Akut post operatif hiperkloreminin(klor>110)hastanede kalma süresi,morbidite,post op 30 gün mortaliteyi etkileyip etkilemediği araştırılmış.
%22 sinde akut post op hiperkloremi saptanmış
Hiperkloremik grupta klor düzeyi normal olan gruba göre post op 30 gün mortalitede artmış risk,hastanede kalış süresi daha uzun,post operatif renal disfonksiyon daha fazla