EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 2EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH .docx

EVALUATION: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 2
EVALUATION: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 7
Running head: EVALUATION: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 1
Evaluation: Empirical Research
Introduction
The primary purpose of the research study has been to evaluate
if, in adult patients with Central Venous Catheters (CVC),
interventional staff education about hub hygiene provided to
RN’s who access the CVC impact Central Line-Associated
Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) rates compared to pre and
post-intervention assessments over a two-month period.
CLABSI rates will be compared to the Patient Safety
Component from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention’s (CDC) National Healthcare Safety
Network’s (NHSN) that includes identifying the causation and
surveillance methods to track device-associated infections
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). In
addressing the issue and providing the answer the to the
research question, this researcher will examine the literature
available on the stated topic. Some of the research articles on
the subject show similarities regarding research approaches and
themes and some have differences. The researcher also looked
for evidence that suggests that the data supported the

conclusion, and, in some studies, the findings answered the
research question.
Evaluation of Research
Regarding similarity in the theme, the researcher did find some
regularity in the articles by O’Neil et al. and Salma et al. In the
research study, “A Central Line Care Maintenance Bundle for
the Prevention of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream
Infection in Non-Intensive Care Unit Setting,” O’Neil et al.
(2016) have suggested that there is a higher rate of compliance
with optimal dressing care practices in the control group against
the expectations. The primary theme of the research study has
been the degree of hygiene maintained by nursing professionals
in the context of caregiving in a central line care maintenance
setting. In the research study a 12-month study was conducted
by Caroline and associates to establish the effectiveness of a
central line care maintenance bundle in the reduction of Central
Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSIs) in general
medicine wards. They substantiated their research by
disseminating educative guidelines and proper hands-on training
for catheter insertion and care for nurses of the experimental
group against those of a control group, along with asepsis
(hygiene and evaluation of microbiological data). The trained
nurses were instructed to examine the central line dressings
twice a week for secureness or any purulent discharge. The
results of the study revealed higher rates of compliance in
optimal dressing care practices in the control group against the
expectations. They exemplified a marginal reduction in the
incidence of CLABSIs in the intervention group over the control
group. The study lacks documentation of dating the dressing
changes-a key factor in CLABSI prevention. Moreover, the
research is restricted to a small number of patients, so the
efficacy of the staff re-education cannot be standardized or
generalized. But despite the limitations, the theme of the study
has been observed to have been reverberated in the research
study, “Implementation of central venous catheter bundle in an
intensive care unit in Kuwait: Effect on central line-associated

bloodstream infections.” Salma et al. (2016) have also
emphasized hygiene factors and the chances of emergence of
central line-associated bloodstream infections. Resounding this
concern, the research study conducted by O’Neil et al. Salma et
al. also focuses on the importance of maintaining hygiene
regarding avoiding central line-associated bloodstream
infections. In the research study, Salma et al. (2016) also stress
the importance of proper hand hygiene; precautions upon
insertion; antisepsis using chlorhexidine; selection of an
appropriate site for the catheter insertion; and review and
documentation of all the measures. It must be noted that in the
study conducted by Salma et al. (2016) it was revealed that a
significant decline in the incidence of CLABSIs in CVC
patients and had advocated the efficacy of Central Venous Line
Bundle (CVLB) in reducing the morbidity and cost in CLABSIs.
The research, however, lacks documentation on the care of CVC
post insertion site to prevent CLABSIs and only emphasize on
the hygienic measures as a cleansing of the site with
chlorhexidine and use of hand washing before the examination.
The study was further restricted to a single adult ICU with no
considerations to the financial cost of CLABSIs. Notably, if the
previous studies show similarities regarding research theme
then in the research study, “Interventions to improve
professional adherence to guidelines for prevention of device-
related infections,” Flodgren et al. (2013) has failed established
a way in which the conclusion could have provided an answer to
the research question. Though in this study, the theme has also
been infection prevention, the conclusion has been
inappropriate in providing answers to the research question.
This can be argued by citing the fact that though Flodgren et al.
(2013) highlighted the occurrence of secondary infections being
a common phenomenon in hospitals, especially in patients with
central or peripheral lines, they concluded with insufficient
evidence to establish an effective counteractant to curtail the
high number of the hospital-acquired contagions. The research
by Flogren and his team primarily relies on researched literature

rather than their practical implications and thereby, fails to
render an effective intervention for CLABSIs. But it has been
observed that in the research study, “Nursing Practice for
Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection
(CLABSI) in A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit,” Elbilgahy et al.
(2015) strives to provide data that supports their conclusion.
Interestingly in the study by Esposito, Guillari, & Angelillo
(2017), “Knowledge, attitudes, and practice on the prevention of
central line-associated bloodstream infections among nurses in
oncological care: A cross-sectional study in an area of southern
Italy,” provides some answers to some specific research
questions. Like Hentrich et al. (2017) in “Central venous
catheter-related infections in hematology and oncology: 2012
updated guidelines on diagnosis, management, and prevention
of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society
of Hematology and Medical Oncology” fails to document the
optimal therapeutic measures to reduce Catheter-related
infection (CRI) and the management of Catheter-related
bloodstream infection (CRBSI), after the removal of the
catheter. Similarly, the studies rely on opinions rather the
practical applications or documentation of blood sampling for
microbial infections.
Conclusion
Considering the research studies and observing some flaws in
all the reviews it becomes quite imperative for the researcher to
ask the authors about how to provide a solution that would be
effective in preventing the concerned type and mode of
contamination. Almost all the research studies have suffered
from limitations, and due to such limitations it becomes quite
essential to ask the authors regarding the way in which the
deficiencies could be addressed, and the concerned types of
contamination can be prevented. It should be noted that the
purpose of this quantitative project is to establish a relation
between the occurrence of CLABSIs and staff training,
reinforcement, and proper hygiene for Central Venous Catheters
(CVCs) inserted in the hospital setting. Proper hygiene will be

defined as the use of hand washing before the application of a
central line and utilize antiseptic techniques at the insertion
site. The goal is the reduction of CLABIs in patients with
central line catheters. The authors should be asked how such a
goal could be accomplished overcoming the limitations with
which the research studies were conducted.
Despite the observed limitations in the research studies, the
evidence obtained from the studies can be used efficiently to
refine the PICOT question, and it can also come to the aid of
the researcher regarding formulating and implementing the DPI
project. The PICOT question, “In adult patients with CVC, does
interventional staff education about hub hygiene provided to
RN’s who access the CVC impact CLABSI rates compared to
pre and post-intervention assessments over a two-month
period?”, can be well defined by the application of the evidence
gathered from the research studies. It should be noted that the
evidence has provided a proper answer to the PICOT question
by supporting the fact that interventional staff education about
hub hygiene (supplied to RN’s who access the CVC) does
impact CLABSI rates when compared to pre- and post-
intervention assessments. CLABSI rates will be compared to
Patient Safety Component from the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention’s (CDC) National Healthcare Safety
Network’s (NHSN) that includes identifying the causation and
surveillance methods to track device-associated infections
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Congruence
between the evidence and the elements in the PICOT is
necessary for providing a valid means for helping the researcher
in coming to a practical conclusion regarding an answer to the
PICOT question.

References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Central
Line-associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) | HAI | CDC.
Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hai/bsi/bsi.html
Esposito, M. R., Guillari, A., & Angelillo, I. F. (2017).
Knowledge, attitudes, and practice on the prevention of central
line-associated bloodstream infections among nurses in
Italy. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0180473. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0180473
Elbilgahy, A. A., Davidson, P. M., Sharps Mohamed, P. W., &
Elassmy, M. (2015). Nursing Practice for Prevention of Central
Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) in A
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. IOSR Journal of Nursing and
Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 5(6), 150-154.
Italy.
Flodgren, G., Conterno, L. O., Mayhew, A., Omar, O.,
Pereira, C. R., & Shepperd, S. (2013). Interventions to improve
related infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Hentrich, M., Schalk, E., Schmidt-Hieber, M., Chaberny, I.,
Mousset, S., Buchheidt, D., … Karthaus, M. (2014). Central
venous catheter-related infections in hematology and oncology:
2012 updated guidelines on diagnosis, management, and
prevention of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the
German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology. Annals
of Oncology, 25(5), 936-947. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt545

O’Neil, C., Ball, K., Wood, H., McMullen, K., Kremer, P.,
Jafarzadeh, S. R., … Warren, D. (2016). A Central Line Care
Maintenance Bundle for the Prevention of Central Line–
Associated Bloodstream Infection in Non–Intensive Care Unit
Settings. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 37(06),
692-698.
Salama, M. F., Jamal, W., Al Mousa, H., & Rotimi, V. (2016).
Implementation of central venous catheter bundle in an
bloodstream infections. Journal of Infection and Public Health,
9(1), 34-41.
THE 10 STRATEGIC POINTS FOR THE PROSPECTUS, 21
THE 10 STRATEGIC POINTS FOR THE PROSPECTUS, 28
DPI Project Milestone:10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus,
Proposal, and Direct Practice Improvement Project
Kerry S. Murphy
Grand Canyon University
Translational Research and Evidence-Based Practice
DNP-820-O501
Dr. Kari Lane
September 12, 2018
Running head: THE 10 STRATEGIC POINTS FOR THE
PROSPECTUS, 1
The 10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus, Proposal, and Direct

Practice Improvement Project
The 10 Strategic Points
Broad Topic Area
1. Broad Topic Area:
The topic taken into consideration is the Central Line-
Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs) and prevention
Introduction
2. Introduction
· The paper is an analysis of the CLABSIs infection and how
best the infection can be prevented or even eliminated among
patients.
· The infection is characterized by a catheter gaining entry into
the bloodstream, greatly affecting either the inferior or the
superior vena cava or the vessels of the neck.
· The location of the catheter makes entry of pathogens into the
bloodstream very occasional. Patients thus become sick easily.
· The risk factors associated with the infection can result from
the healthcare provider and also the patients and include;
contamination on insertion, the skin flora of the patient, non-
intact dressing, poor nutrition, position of the central line, poor
patient and healthcare provider hygiene.
· Symptoms include redness, swelling, discharge at the central
line exit, fever, chills, respiratory distress, and altered cognitive
state.
· The infection can be prevented, through monitoring of the
patients for any signs and symptoms, ensuring proper hygiene
practices, and keeping patients educated about management of
their central line.
· The paper gives all these information in detail, why there is a
need to address Central line-associated bloodstream infections
(CLABSIs) and how best the infection can be handled both by
the health care givers and the patients.
Literature Review
3. Literature Review:
1. Primary points basis four sections in the Literature Review:
a. Background of the problem/gap:

· Researchers have dedicated numerous efforts towards the
cause and the probable symptoms related to Central line-
associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) that one needs to
be on the look-out for.
· Attention has thus been shifted from the different measures to
prevent the occurrence of the infection among patients.
· There arises an urgency to intervene and develop effective
measures to curtail the incidence of CLABSIs.
· The use of proper hand hygiene and skin aseptic techniques
over the insertion site is necessary for preventing microbial
infections
· The nurses need to have the significant knowledge associated
with evidence-based practices for the Central line-associated
bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), their attitude towards the
guidelines and the utilization of the hygienic measures for the
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) patients.
b. Theoretical foundations (models and theories to be the
foundation for the project)
· The efficacy of training of nurses over the prevention of
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in
neonates and children, through the exploitation of a
questionnaire defining their socio-demographic data and their
practical skills (Elbilgahy, A. A. et al., 2015).
· Knowledge about evidence practice reveals the discrepancies
in the praxis, by the different nursing Pedagogics
(Esposito, M. R. et al., 2017).
· Prophylactic measures to eradicate the incidence of CRIs or
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs),
based on the opinions of the experts as well as the analysis of
the research literature (Hentrich, M. et al., 2014)
c. Review of literature topics with a key theme for each one.
d. Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream
Infection (CLABSI)
· The efficacy of hygiene maintenance in the preponderance of
CLABSIs rates in patients with CVCs, maintenance of patients
with CVCs (Elbilgahy, A. A. et al., 2015); The key concepts in

the study entail CLABSIs, ICU patients with CVCs, dressings,
hygiene hub (Esposito, M. R. et al., 2017); The relevance of
various interventions in reducing device-related infections. The
key concepts are related to interventions (Hentrich, M. et al.,
2014)
i. Educating on the science of safety. Care givers should be
made knowledgeable on all hazards related to the infection.
There is every need to address professionalism and morality
among the nurses handling such patients.
ii. A hazard free environment. Such enhances patient recovery.
Patients need an environment that safe and is characterized by
love and kindness.
Conceptual Framework
a) Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
· Jean Watson’s theory encompasses various values and ethics
that are expected from every health care giver and especially
the nurses.
· Such values are loving, kindly, being authentically present and
enable belief, growing one’s spiritual practice associated with
wholeness, providing a caring and a healing environment, and
also believing that miracles do occur.
· The argument and the content of the theory are closely related
to the variables of the study; prevention of a bloodstream
infection will call for the presence of a nurse who is willing to
an extra mile to ensure that the infection is prevented.
· The theory also places a moral obligation on health care
providers to enhance human dignity. Caring for ICU patients
will call for the same.
· An environment characterized by care and which enhances the
healing process will also come in handy.
Summary
· Gap/Problem: There is a need to implement evidence-based
methods of improving health outcomes and CLABSIs prevention
including the nursing education
· Quantitative application: the Quantitative project is to
establish a relation between the occurrence of CLABSIs and

staff training, reinforcement, and proper hygiene for Central
Venous Catheters (CVCs) inserted in the hospital setting.
· Significance: The use of proper hand hygiene and skin aseptic
techniques over the insertion site is necessary for preventing
microbial infections. Therefore the necessity to maintain
insertion site hygiene consistently is determined to be the best
practice in preventing infections that can lead to sepsis and
septicemia
2.
Problem Statement
4. Problem Statement:
Thoughstudies have substantiated the CLABSIs to be a
significant health concern as it impedes the recovery of the
patients, the degree of efficacy of hygiene of hub, before each
access in the prevention of CLABSIs, is unknown
Clinical/
PICOT Questions
5. Clinical/PICOT Questions:
· In Patients > 65 years of age with central line catheters, how
does staff training of key personnel and reinforcement of central
line catheter hub hygiene after its insertion, along with the apt
cleansing of the insertion site, reduce the incidence of CLABSIs
(Central Line Associated Blood-stream Infections)compared
to standard care over a one-month period?
P: Patients > 65 years of age with a central line in ICU Regional
Medical Centre, Texas.
I: Staff training and reinforcement of central catheter, hub
hygiene
C: Compared to standard care
O: Reduce the incidence of CLABSIs (Central Line Associated
Blood-stream Infections)
T: A period of one-month

Sample
6. Sample (and Location):
a. Location: ICURegional Medical Center, , Texas
7. The selection of a sample population should not be
haphazard for it will lead to biased results, furthermore, a large
sample size helps in having precise results.
8. It necessary to calculate sample size for validity and
reliability of results. The study will, therefore, allow an error of
plus-minus 5 (Patino & Ferreira, 2016).
9. To avoid oversampling so as to have a minimal sample size
that we are targeting are the 120 adult nurses out of the 335.
The 120 nurses sampled will be the study participants who will
aid in data collection.
10. Inclusion/exclusion criteria of the subjects
· People who are 65 or above and are from ICU Lake Regional
Medical Centre, the central line catheter hub clinic section.
· The nurses who are not from the Central line of ICU Lake
Regional Medical Centre will be excluded (Patino & Ferreira,
2018).
· Those who will have signed consent will be included in the
study because of having fulfilled the research ethics standards.
· When the interviews and questionnaires have been conducted,
the incomplete questionnaire forms will be excluded while the
interview subjects who have not attended the interview will not
be considered.
· Questionnaires that are fully filled and interview subjects who
will turn for the interview and response will be included in the
findings.
a.
Define Variables
11. Define Variables:
a) Independent Variable: CLABSIs (Central Line Associated
Blood-stream Infections) is a laboratory-confirmed infection of
the bloodstream where a central line is confimerd to have been

in place two days before the bloodstream infection developed.
b) Dependent Variable: the preventive measures refers to the
techniques that need to be adopted in the nursing care
institutions for patients with the bloodstream infection and are
meant to improve the condition when administered to the
patient.
Methodology and Design
12. Methodology and Design:
· The appropriate study methodology is the mixed methods
approach through which questionnaires.
· Questionnaires refers to a set of questions that are aligned to
the topic of study and are aimed at soliciting information from
the study participants.
· Closed-ended questionnaires will be administered to the
sampled nurses. Closed-ended questionnaires will ensure that
data analysis is not mind-blowing because the respondents are
tied to specific answers.
· The questionnaires will be based on a Yes or No responses.
· The interview questionnaires will be acquired from the
previous literature that handles the same issues in the study.
· For evidence-based practice in a healthcare setting, it is
proper to have the nurses asked questions about the particular
practices in relation with the staff training, reinforcement of the
Central line catheter hub hygiene once it has been inserted, the
cleansing of the site and cases of Central Line-Associated
Blood-stream Infections.
· The process will assist in acquiring the observational,
additional, and the basic data that is targeted.
· The questionnaires will focus on the Adult ICU practices
(Rodrigues, Correia, & Kozak, 2016).
· The data tools were exploiting the practices of nurses in Adult
ICU, questionnaire responses, and a review of the other related
articles.
· The collection of data will be through an interview
questionnaire which will be derived from previous literature
exploring the related issues.

· The sources of data will be the healthcare professionals with
allied staff as data will be gathered from them via interviews.
· The research design that will be adopted will be exploratory
especially because there is still a lot that has not been done on
the topic under study.
Purpose Statement
13. Purpose Statement:
The purpose of this quantitative project is to establish a relation
between the occurrence of CLABSIs, and staff re-education of
hub hygiene for Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) inserted
patients at the hospital and to explore the preventive measures
being taken by the healthcare staff at hospitals in, Texas for the
prevention of CLABSIs.
Data Collection Approach
· The data collection approach techniques for the study will be
questionnaires and also observation. The questionnaires will be
short and precise, requiring the respondents to spend the least
amount of time to answer to the questionnaires. The respondents
may be busy and may not have enough time and the researcher
will have to get a way of motivating them to be part of the study
through minimizing the participation time.
· The observation technique will come as a backup to the study
questionnaires. The researcher will take time to watch the
nurses as they go about their duties.
· Observation is one effective way of getting first hand
information about the question under study. The level of
hygiene and also adherence to the recommendations put in place
for the professionals will be easier determined through
observation.
Data Analysis Approach
14. Data Analysis Instruments
· Data analysis will enable the researcher to organize the data
collected so that conclusions can be drawn.

· The data analysis will capture the demographic information of
the respondents including their age and the number of years
they have dealing with patients suffering from CLABSIs
(Central Line Associated Blood-stream Infections). Such will be
presented using charts.
· The responses from the questionnaires will be studied to show
the frequency of the relationships between variables as
indicated by the respondents. The relationships will then tell the
researcher whether there is a need to address the preventive
measures and whether the proposed solutions will actually
work.
· The relationships will be based on the study variables of the
bloodstream infection and whether there are any preventive
measures that need be adopted to reduce the rates of infection.
· A descriptive data analysis technique will come in handy,
clearly giving relevant information about the study findings to
enable logical conclusions.
· The instruments utilized in the research are the interview
questions and a questionnaire. The creation was founded on the
PICOT question and the statement of the problem, so as to
acquire the desired information.
· While the questionnaire had most questions as closed, the
interview questions will be open to allow attainment of
supplementary data from the participants.
· Direct questions are expected to occur at the end of the
interview (Nayak & Singh, 2015), Nevertheless, in this
interview process, there will be utilization of indirect question
with more direct questions for the target information from the
nurses who have been retrained on hygiene of the hub at Clear
Lake Regional Medical Centre and they are handling adult
patients with CVC versus others who might not have had a
similar training from two other hospitals and not every other
nurse anywhere.
· The questions will be simplified as much as possible and they
will allow one response at a time. The questions will avoid the
analysis, hearsay, and opinions so as to obtain objective data.

· The questionnaires will contain demographic questions on the
gender, the CLABSI prominence among the adult patients with
CVC, how regular the cleansing process is conducted by the
trained nurses, and any other hygiene process that are carried
out by the re-educated nurses.
The dietary practice, interview guidelines and demographic
questionnaire were as clear as possible to allow the response of
the clients.
Ethical Consideration

· Ethical considerations are critical in any research work
because research studies are tied into moral values which are
meant to ensure that researchers do what is right in areas of
human rights, respect for other researchers’ work and
compliance with the laws and regulations.
· Throughout the research work, there will be no cases of
plagiarism and all information used from other sources will be
adequately cited.
· The researcher will ensure that the study does not cause any
harm whatsoever to the respondents.
· In this research project not a study, any details that the
respondent will not want it disclosed will be removed and
deleted from any written or oral records, while others are
candidly presented.
· Before the recruitment process, the participants will be
contacted and be informed of the research and its significance
(Castillo-Montoya, 2016).
· They will then beasked to declare their readiness to partake in
the study and the free times they have for the interview process
or questionnaire filling process.
· The form will have the clinical question, the usability of
results, assurance of anonymity and confidentiality in which the

researcher will indicate how the results will be exposed, to
whom they will be exposed and how the subjects will be
prevented from harm.
· The only harm could be labelling the nurses as unhygienic,
hygienic, effective or ineffective, and mentioning their
particular names.
· Since the study is checking on evidence-based care and its
impact, the subjects will not be mentioned and the results will
be written in a manner that they do not openly show which
health care has a particular condition (Kamat, 2018).
· It is necessary that the health care centers be informed of the
study.
· Before the study, the researcher will acquire their permission
through formal e-mails which will be sent to the administration
of the centers for approval.
References
Advani, S. D., Lee, R. A., Long, M., Schmitz, M., & Camins, B.
C. (2018). The impact of 2015 NHSN Catheter-associated
Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) definition change on Central
Line-associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) rates and
CLABSI prevention efforts at an academic medical
center. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 1-3.
Anderson, S.F., Kelley, K., & Maxwell, S.E. (2017). Sample-
size planning for more accurate statistical power: A method
adjusting sample effect sizes for publication bias and
uncertainty. American Journal of Infection Control, 55(7), 23-
40.
Arkkelin, D. (2014). Using SPSS to understand research and

data analysis. Psychology Curricular Materials, 1-100.
Retrieved from
http://scholar.valpo.edu/psych_oer/1?utm_source=scholar.valpo.
edu%2Fpsych_oer%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=P
DFCoverPages
Beverly, A. L., Hill, M. M., Camins, B. C., & Lee, R. A. (2018).
Decreasing CLABSI incidence associated with decreasing
MRSA bacteremia LabID incidence. American Journal of
Infection Control, 46(6), S82.
Carpenter, A. D., McTigue, S., & Roberts, G. K. (2016).
Suspected origins of bacteremia in Center for Disease Control
(CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Defined
Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) at a
tertiary care academic medical center. American Journal of
Infection Control, 44(6), S11.
Castillo-Montoya, M. (2016). Preparing for interview research:
the interview protocol refinement framework. The Qualitative
Report, 21(5), 811-831. Retrieved from
https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2337&co
ntext=tqr
Dombecki, C., Vercher, J., Valyko, A., Mills, J., & Washer, L.
(2017). Implementation of a Central Line-associated
Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) prevention bundle for adult
hematologic malignancy and bone marrow transplant
patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 45(6), S103
Elbilgahy, A. A., Davidson, P. M., Sharps Mohamed, P. W.,
&Elassmy, M. (2015). Nursing practice for prevention of
Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) in a
Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 5(6), 150-154. Retrieved from
www.iosrjournals.org
Italy. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0180473.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180473
Fakih, M. G., Groves, C., Bufalino, A., Sturm, L. K., &
Hendrich, A. L. (2017). Definitional change in NHSN CAUTI
was associated with an increase in CLABSI events: Evaluation
of a large health system. Infection control & hospital
epidemiology, 38(6), 685-689.
Mousset, S., Buchheidt, D., Karthaus, M. (2014). Central
prevention of the infectious diseases working party of the
German society of hematology and medical oncology. Annals of
Oncology, 25(5), 936-947. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt545
Hickok, J., Moody, J., Kleinman, K., Avery, T., Huang, S. S.,
Bienvenu, S., & Septimus, E. (2014). 1288rapid dissemination
of universal decolonization in adult Intensive Care Units (ICUs)
Reduces Healthcare-Associated (HA) Central Line Associated
Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) in over 100 community
hospitals in a single healthcare system. in open forum infectious
diseases (Vol. 1, No. Suppl 1, p. S48). Oxford University Press.
Kamat, P. (2018). Research ethics. 1-49. Retrieved from
https://www3.nd.edu/~pkamat/pdf/ethics.pdf
Malone, H. & Coyne,I. (2016). Fundamentals of estimating
sample size. Add journal title23 (5), 21-25. doi: DOI:
10.7748/nr.23.5.21.s5
McAlearney, A. S., & Hefner, J. L. (2014). Facilitating central
line–associated bloodstream infection prevention: a qualitative
study comparing perspectives of infection control professionals
and frontline staff. American journal of infection
control, 42(10), S216-S222.
Mkunga, K. (2017). “How can you write about a person who
does not exist? Rethinking pseudonymity and informed consent
in life history research. Social Sciences, 6(86), 1-9. doi:
10.3390/socsci6030086
Parveen, H. &. Showkat, H. (2017). Research ethics. 1-12
Patel, P. K., Gupta, A., Vaughn, V. M., Mann, J. D., Ameling, J.

M., & Meddings, J. (2018). Review of strategies to reduce
Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) and
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in adult
ICUs. Journal of hospital medicine, 13(2), 105-116.
.Patino, C. &. Ferreira, J.C. (2016). What is the importance of
calculating sample size? J Bras Pneumol., 42(2), 162-162.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37562016000000114
Patino, C. & Singh, P. (2018). Inclusion and exclusion criteria
in research studies: definitions and why they matter. J. bras.
Pneumol. 44(2). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-
37562018000000088
Rodrigues, A. Kozak, M. & Correia, A. (2016). Exploring the
benefits of using mixed methods approach in destination image
studies. 4(5), 159-181.
White, L. A., Brent, K., Eherenman, H., & Vance, C. (2016).
Infection prevention and quality coordinators collaborating to
decrease Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections
(CLABSI) by monitoring central line catheter
maintenance. American Journal of Infection Control, 44(6),
S94-S95.
I, Kerry Murphy, verify that I have completed (30) clock hours
in association with the goals and objectives for this assignment.
I have also tracked said practice hours in the Typhon Student
Tracking System for verification purposes and will be sure that
all approvals are in place from my faculty and practice mentor.
Study Questionnaires
Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Prevention
Project
Please answer these questions honestly to help us improve the
practice (all questionnaires are anonymous)
1. During your daily practice on your unit do you consistently
comply with the following standards of practice/policies and

procedures for handling central venous catheters?
a. Do you change the transparent dressings weekly per
protocol?
YES NO
b. Do you change the dressing when it is soiled, bloody, or
lose?
YES NO
c. Do you date the dressing with the insertion and dressing
change date?
YES NO
d. Do you scrub the hub with a juicing motion for 5 seconds
with alcohol swab before every use and as needed?
YES NO
e. Do you change the IV tubing every 4 days?
YES NO
f. Do you change needleless valves every tubing change
YES NO
2. Please check the barriers that you feel prevent you from
consistently complying with the standards of practice/policies
and procedures.
Lack of time
Lack of supplies
Lack of knowledge about policy and procedure
3. Do you feel mistakes are held against you on your unit?
YES NO
4. Can you freely speak up if you see something that may
negatively affect patient care?
YES NO
5.Please feel free to write any comments about patient safety,
error, or event reporting in your unit.
Source: Infusion Nurses Society, 2017.

Instructor's Comment/Instructor's Document
Kerry, please note the followings: The introduction and the
literature review are complete and thorough. The problem
statement is written clearly PICOT is clear and very good
Sample: How will you determine the sample size? What are the
inclusion/exclusion criteria of the subjects? Methodology: Why
is the selected methodology is appropriate? Please justify! Data
collection approach is not clear. How will you collect your
data? What is needed here is to describe the process of
collecting data form signing the informed consent until
completing the measuring. Data analysis-What test will you use
to answer your research question? Thank you for a work well
done. Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns.
Usama Saleh, RN, PhD
Kerry S. Murphy
Grand Canyon University
Scientific Underpinnings
DNP-815-O503
Dr. Usama Saleh
July 18, 2018
Running head: THE 10 STRATEGIC POINTS FOR THE
PROSPECTUS, 2

The 10 Strategic Points
Broad Topic Area
15. Broad Topic Area:
The topic taken into consideration is the Central Line-
Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs) and prevention
Literature Review
16. Literature Review:
2. Primary points basis four sections in the Literature Review:
e. Background of the problem/gap:
· There arises an urgency to intervene and develop effective
measures to curtail the incidence of CLABSIs.
· The use of proper hand hygiene and skin aseptic techniques
over the insertion site is necessary for preventing microbial
infections
· The nurses need to have the significant knowledge associated
with evidence-based practices for the Central line-associated
bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), their attitude towards the
guidelines and the utilization of the hygienic measures for the
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) patients.
f. Theoretical foundations (models and theories to be the
foundation for the project)
· The efficacy of training of nurses over the prevention of
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in
neonates and children, through the exploitation of a
questionnaire defining their socio-demographic data and their
practical skills (Elbilgahy, A. A. et al., 2015).
· Knowledge about evidence practice reveals the discrepancies
in the praxis, by the different nursing Pedagogics
(Esposito, M. R. et al., 2017).
· Prophylactic measures to eradicate the incidence of CRIs or
the research literature (Hentrich, M. et al., 2014)

g. Review of literature topics with a key theme for each one.
h. Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream
Infection (CLABSI)
· The efficacy of hygiene maintenance in the preponderance of
CLABSIs rates in patients with CVCs, maintenance of patients
with CVCs (Elbilgahy, A. A. et al., 2015); The key concepts in
the study entail CLABSIs, ICU patients with CVCs, dressings,
hygiene hub (Esposito, M. R. et al., 2017); The relevance of
various interventions in reducing device-related infections. The
key concepts are related to interventions (Hentrich, M. et al.,
2014)
Setting
· Adult ICU (Elbilgahy, A. A. et al., 2015).
· The incidence of CRIs in cancer patients at the hospital
(Hentrich, M. et al., 2014).
Summary
· Gap/Problem: There is a need to implement evidence-based
methods of improving health outcomes and CLABSIs prevention
including the nursing education
· Quantitative application: the Quantitative project is to
staff training, reinforcement, and proper hygiene for Central
Venous Catheters (CVCs) inserted in the hospital setting.
· Significance: The use of proper hand hygiene and skin aseptic
techniques over the insertion site is necessary for preventing
microbial infections. Therefore the necessity to maintain
insertion site hygiene consistently is determined to be the best
practice in preventing infections that can lead to sepsis and
septicemia
Problem Statement
17. Problem Statement:
Thoughthe studies have substantiated the CLABSIs to be a
patients, the degree of efficacy of hygiene of hub, before each

access in the prevention of CLABSIs, is not well documented
Clinical/
PICOT Questions
18. Clinical/PICOT Questions:
“In Patients > 65 years of age with central line catheters, how
does staff training of key personnel and reinforcement of
Central line catheter hub hygiene after its insertion, along with
the apt cleansing of the insertion site, before every approach
compared with other area hospitals, reduce the incidence of
CLABSIs (Central Line Associated Blood-stream Infections)?”
P: Patients > 65 years of age with a Central line
I: Staff training and reinforcement of Central Catheter, Hub
Hygiene
C: Other area hospitals
O: Reduce probability of CLABSIs
Sample
19. Sample (and Location):
a. Location: ICU Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, Webster,
Texas
b. Population: The population being sampled in the study is 120
adult ICU nurses (Elbilgahy, A. A. et al., 2015); 335 nurses
were intrigued (Esposito, M. R. et al., 2017)
Define Variables
20. Define Variables:
a. Independent Variables: crystalloid fluids, hub hygiene and
line changes
b. Dependent Variables: pedagogy
Methodology and Design
21. Methodology and Design:
The data tools were exploiting the practices of nurses in Adult
ICU, questionnaire responses, and a review of the other related
articles.

**The collection of data will be through an interview
exploring the related issues. The sources of data will be the
healthcare professionals with allied staff as data will be
gathered from them via interviews.
Purpose Statement
22. Purpose Statement:
between the occurrence of CLABSIs, and staff re-education of
patients at the hospital and to explore the preventive measures
being taken by the healthcare staff at hospitals in Webster,
Texas for the prevention of CLABSIs.
Data Collection Approach
23. Data Collection Approach:
The primary instruments were nursing observations being done.
The collection of data will be through an interview
exploring the related issues. The sources of data will be the
healthcare professionals with allied staff as data will be
gathered from them via interviews.
Data Analysis Approach
24. Data Analysis Approach:
The specific data analysis approach was chi-square and t-test
are exploited for data analysis, and analysis was performed by
using descriptive statistics through SPSS Statistics, Version
16.0. Also, The approach used for analysis of data will be
thematic analysis as the data collected from interviews will be
coded and these codes will further assist in the development of
themes based on similarity in the content of interview data.
Thematic analysis will facilitate in answering the clinical
question developed.

Reference
Elbilgahy, A. A., Davidson, P. M., Sharps Mohamed, P. W.,
&Elassmy, M. (2015). Nursing Practice for Prevention of
Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) in A
Italy. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0180473.

DPI PROJECT PICOT 2
DPI PROJECT PICOT 2
Running head: DPI PROJECT PICOT 2
DPI Project PICOT
Abstract
Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) are used for intravenous
fluids, blood components, medications, parenteral nutritive
fluid, and for hemodialysis. They are also a common source of
bacterial infections known as Central Line-Associated
Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs). Thus, there arises an
urgency to intervene and develop effective measures to curtail
the incidence of CLABSIs. The use of proper hand hygiene and
skin aseptic techniques over the insertion site is necessary for

preventing microbial infections. Therefore the necessity to
maintain insertion site hygiene consistently is determined to be
the best practice in preventing infections that can lead to sepsis
and septicemia (Perin, Erdmann, Higashi, & Sasso, 2016).
The PICOT question provides guidelines to frame an effective
CLABSIs-prevention and eradication program and
implementation of the same in the current nursing practices.
The application of these evidence-based strategies requires
continued efforts to yield positive results.
PICOT Question:
“In adult patients with CVC, does interventional staff
education about hub hygiene provided to RN’s who access the
CVC impact CLABSI rates compared topre and post-
intervention assessments over a two-month period?”
P: Patients with Central Venous Catheters
I: Staff re-education related to Hygiene of the hub
C: Other hospitals
T: Two months
PICOT Question Template:
Section 1: In this section provide one word to describe each
section of your proposed PICOT question
P
CVC patients
I
Hygiene of hub
C
Other hospitals

O
Low CLABSIs
T
Two Months
Section 2: Write your PICOT question below using the words
listed above.
Question:“In adult patients with CVC, does interventional staff
education about hub hygiene provided to RN’s who access the
CVC impact CLABSI rates compared to pre and post-
intervention assessments over a two-month period?”
Section 3: Use your PICOT to develop a formalized problem
statement. Use the example below to help formulate your
problem statement.
Problem Statement: Thoughthe studies have substantiated the
CLABSIs to be a significant health concern as it impedes the
recovery of the patients, the degree of efficacy of hygiene of
hub, before each access in the prevention of CLABSIs, is not
well documented.
Section 4: Based on your PICOT, create a declarative purpose
statement.
Purpose Statement:
between the occurrence of CLABSIs and staff re-education of
patients at the hospital. Hygiene will be defined regarding the
use of hand wash before inspection as well as the application of
antiseptics over the insertion site. The anticipation of CLABSIs

will be measured by routine blood cultures for microbial
inoculation.
Research Article Chart
Criteria and Defining Characteristics
Article 4:
Amal Ahmed; Patricia M Davidson,
Phyllis W Sharps
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS)
e-ISSN: 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 5, Issue 6 Ver.
I (Nov. - Dec. 2016), PP 150-154.: Nursing Practice for
Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection
(CLABSI) in A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Amal Ahmed and his team draw their research on the efficacy of
training of nurses over the prevention of Central line-associated
bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in neonates and children,
through the exploitation of a questionnaire defining their socio-
demographic data and their practical skills.
Article 5:
Maria Rosaria Esposito, Assunta Guillari, Italo Francesco
Angelillo
Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale
Italy
Maria Rosaria, Assunta Guillari, and Italo surveyed the nurses
relating to their knowledge about the evidence-based practices
for the Central line-associated bloodstream infections
(CLABSIs), their attitude towards the guidelines and the
utilization of the hygienic measures for the Central Venous
Catheter (CVC) patients. They established the discrepancies in
the praxis, by the different nursing Pedagogics.
Article 6:

M. Hentrich, E., Schalk, M.
Schmidt-Hieber, I.
Chaberny, S. Mousset, D.
Buchheidt, M. Ruhnke, O.
Penack, H. Salwender, H.
Wolf, M. Christopeit, S.
Neumann, Maschmeyer &
M. Karthaus:
Central venous catheter
related infections in
hematology and
oncology:2012 updated
guidelines on diagnosis,
management and
prevention by the
Infectious Diseases
Working Party of the
German Society of
Hematology and Medical
Oncology
M. Hentrich et al
highlighted the increased
incidence of catheter
related infections (URIs) in
the cancer patients, through
an email-based survey.
They substantiated the
epidemiology,
Pathophysiology as well as the diagnostic measures to evaluate
the probability of CRIs. They have advocated certain
prophylactic measures to eradicate the incidence of CRIs or
the research literature
Abstract
After reading the abstract what do you expect to learn from the

article?
A study was conducted for the CLABSIs prevention including
the nursing education and hub hygiene in children ICUs. It
reveals significant compliance with protocols by nurses.
However, there may be discrepancies in crystalloid fluids and
Line changes
A study was conducted to delineate the knowledge and
practices in nursing of varied age groups through questionnaire
and revealed the discrepancies in the same.
The study entails the opinions of oncologists that cancer
patients have high preponderance rates of catheter-related
infections.
Introduction: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
• What is the purpose of the study?
• What is the scope of the study?
• What is the rationale for the study?
• What is the hypothesis or research question?
• What key concepts and terms are noted?
• Is a review of the literature provided?
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the compliance with
evidence-based practices to curtail CLABSIs as well as to
identify the barriers to its implementation.
The scope of the study is to formulate and implement effective
guidelines to maintain ICU and non-ICU neonatal patients with
central lines to curtail CLABSIs.
The rationale of study to choose reflects the contemporary
practices in the maintenance of patients with CVCs.
The hypothesis of the study is the efficacy of hygiene
maintenance in the preponderance of CLABSIs rates in patients

with CVCs.
The key concepts of the study are CVCs, Central bundle
maintenance, CLABSIs, evidence best practices.
Review of literature is provided.
The purpose of the study is to adjudged the uniformity in the
contemporary practices by nurses of various ages.
The scope of the study is to identify the gaps in the nursing
practices.
The rationale of this study is to formulate a uniform protocol
for hospitalized patients’ management.
The hypothesis framed in this study is to know discrepancies in
the pragmatic patient management practices. The key concepts
in the study entail CLABSIs, ICU patients with CVCs,
dressings, hygiene hub.
The literature review is offered briefly.
The purpose of the study is to assess the incidence of CRIs in
cancer patients through analysis of various studies.
The scope of the study reveals the formulation of the best
evidence-based practices to reduce device-related infections.
The rationale of the conducted survey is to develop efficacious
interventions to reduce infectiously.
The hypothesis is to know the relevance of various interventions
in reducing device-related infections.
The key concepts are related to interventions.
There is a literature review offered in the report.
Methods: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
• What is the population being sampled?
• What is data collection procedure presented?
• What other procedures are described?
The population being sampled in the study is 120 pediatric ICU
nurses.
The data tools were exploiting the practices of nurses in
pediatric ICU.
Data were collected for 2months through pragmatic nursing

observations.
The analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics
through SPSS Statistics, Version 16.0
335 nurses were intrigued through the questionnaire to
adjudged their pragmatism. The data collection methods are
questionnaire responses.
The chi-square and t-test are exploited for data analysis.
The study reviews the other scholarly articles related to
interventions in infection preventions
Data collection is done by review of the other related articles.
Results: Summarise the following in paragraph form.
• What are the given findings?
• How was data collected?
• Are the findings supported by graphs and charts?
• What does the analysis of data state?
The findings revealed that there was compliance with hub
hygiene procedures in the CLABSIs prevention.
The study has related charts. Data analysis state variations in
nursing practices to substantiate the decline in CLABSIs rate,
though the basic hygiene is compiled.
The findings reveal that unique variation in the nursing
practices.
The data is through questionnaires.
There are various charts that support the findings.
The analysis of data state that the discrepancies in the nursing
pragmatism.
The findings reveal that the efficacy of diagnosis and
management techniques in preventing CR infections.
The data is collected by computer analysis of other articles.
The findings are supported by the relevant charts.
The analysis of data state that the appropriate diagnosis and
management are critical for infections prevention in cancer
patients.
Conclusion: Summarize in paragraph form.
• What is the summary of the study?
• What is the conclusion of the hypothesis?

• What are the questions for future research?
The summary of the study reveals the absence of a uniform
protocol for maintenance of ICU patients. Therefore, uniform
protocol formulation and monitoring for adherence are
necessitated.
The conclusion of the hypothesis is variations in contemporary
nursing practices for ICU patients.
The future research requires identification, further
interrogation, and documentation of the best evidence-based
practices as a routine protocol for reducing CLABSIs in ICU
patients.
The study conducted a sample analysis of nurses of varied ages
and substantiated the variations in their practical approaches.
Therefore, the report suggests further interrogation and re-
education of nurses for the best uniform protocol is
necessitated.
The summary of the report reveals that appropriate diagnosis
and interventions during and post catheter insertions are
efficacious to prevent CRIs.
References
• What is the total number of references used in the study?
• List two of the references used.
The total number of references is 19.
1. Alexandrou E, Spencer TR, Frost SA, Parr MJ, Davidson PM,
Hillman, KM. (2010). A review of the nursing role in central
venous cannulation: implications for practice policy and
research. J Clin Nurs 19(11‐12), 1485-1494.
2.Almuneef MA, Memish ZA, Balkhy HH, Hijazi O,
Cunningham G, Francis C.(2006): Rate, risk factors and
outcomes of catheter-related bloodstream infection in a
pediatric intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia. / Hosp Infect;
62:207-213.
The total number of references is 36.

1. Vaz LE, Kleinman KP, Kawai AT, Jin R, Kassler WJ, Grant
PS, et. al. Impact of Medicare's hospital-acquired condition
policy on infections in safety net and non-safety net hospitals.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015; 36: 649–55.
https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.38 PMID: 25732568
2. AHRQ Projects to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections,
Fiscal Year 2011. October 2014. Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available from:
http://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/
files/publications/files/haify11.pdf. Accessed October 1, 2015.
It included 155 research articles for review.
1. Dettenkofer M, Ebner W, Bertz H et al. Surveillance of
nosocomial infections in adult recipients of allogeneic and
autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem-cell
transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31: 795–801.
2. Boersma RS, Jie KS, Verbon A et al. Thrombotic and
infectious complications of central venous catheters in patients
with hematological malignancies. Ann Oncol 2008; 19: 433–
442.
Conclusion
between the occurrence of CLABSIs and staff training,
reinforcement, and proper hygiene for Central Venous Catheters
(CVCs) inserted in the hospital setting. Proper hygiene will be
defined as the use of hand washing before the application of a
central line and utilize antiseptic techniques at the insertion
site. The goal is the reduction of CLABIs in patients with
central line catheters.
Reference
Elbilgahy, A. A., Davidson, P. M., Sharps Mohamed, P. W., &
Elassmy, M. (2015). Nursing Practice for Prevention of Central
Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) in A

Italy. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0180473.
Flodgren, G., Conterno, L. O., Mayhew, A., Omar, O.,
Pereira, C. R., & Shepperd, S. (2013). Interventions to improve
related infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006559.pub2
O’Neil, C., Ball, K., Wood, H., McMullen, K., Kremer, P.,
Jafarzadeh, S. R., … Warren, D. (2016). A Central Line Care
Maintenance Bundle for the Prevention of Central Line–
Associated Bloodstream Infection in Non–Intensive Care Unit
Settings. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 37(06),
692-698. doi:10.1017/ice.2016.32
Salama, M. F., Jamal, W., Al Mousa, H., & Rotimi, V. (2016).
Implementation of central venous catheter bundle in an
bloodstream infections. Journal of Infection and Public Health,
9(1), 34-41. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2015.05.001
DPI PROJECT: EVIDENCE-BASED PICOT QUESTION 2
DPI PROJECT: EVIDENCE-BASED PICOT QUESTION 5

Running head: DPI PROJECT: EVIDENCE-BASED PICOT
QUESTION 1
DPI Project: Evidence-Based PICOT Question
Abstract
Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) are climacteric for the
inoculation of intravenous fluids, blood components,
medications, and parenteral nutritive fluid, and for hemodialysis
monitoring but it also enacts as one of the substantial routes for
the microbial infestation (CLABSIs) (Alonso-Echanove et al.,
2003).Thus, there arises an urgency to intervene and develop
effective measures to curtail the incidence of CLABSIs.
Exploitation of hand hygiene before the examination, as well as
the application of skin antiseptics over the insertion site, is a
pre-requisite for preventing the microbial invasion. It is
obligatory to maintain hygiene on a regular basis to advocate its
efficacy to forbid septicemia (Perin, Erdmann, Higashi, &
Sasso, 2016).
The PICOT question provides guidelines to frame an effective
CLABSIs-prevention and eradication program and
implementation of the same in the current nursing practices.
The application of these evidence-based strategies requires
continued efforts to reveal results.
Question:

P: Patients > 65 years of age with Central line
I: Staff training and reinforcement of Central Catheter, Hub
Hygiene
C: Other area hospitals
T: Two months
PICOT Decision Pathway:
Central line patients → Yes →ICU, CVICU, and CCU patients
Staff training, Reinforcement, Hygiene of hub Effective measure
to curtail incidence of infections
Infection; CVC reinforcement costly?
Two months
Sterilization necessary
Infection;
Need Hygiene
Maintenance of therapy Practices at
other area hospitals
Reduction in incidence of CLABSIs Yes Yes
Routine blood investigation
for microbial infestation
P: Patients with Central lines Adequate time
requirements for efficacy of Intervention
I: Staff training, reinforcement, Hub Hygiene
Two months
C: Other hospitals
T: Two months

PICOT Question Template:
In this section provide one word to describe each section of
your proposed PICOT question
P
CVC patients 65 years of age and older
I
Hygiene of hub
C
Other area hospitals
O
Low CLABSIs
T
Two Months
Section 2: Write your PICOT question below using the words
listed above.
Section 3: Use your PICOT to develop a formalized problem
statement. Use the example below to help formulate your
problem statement.
Problem Statement

Thoughthe studies have substantiated CLABSIs to be a
patients, the degree of efficacy of hygiene of the hub, before
each access in the prevention of CLABSIs, is not well
documented (O'Grady & Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (U.S.), Healthcare Infection Control Practices
Advisory Committee (U.S.), 2011).
Section 4: Based on your PICOT, create a declarative purpose
statement. Use the example below as a reference.
Purpose Statement: The purpose of this quantitative project is to
staff training, reinforcement, hygiene for Central Venous
Catheters (CVCs) inserted patients at the hospital (Davis et al.,
1999). Hygiene will be defined regarding the use of hand wash
before inspection as well as the application of antiseptics over
the insertion site. The anticipation of CLABSIs will be
measured by routine blood cultures for microbial inoculation.
References
Perin, D. C., Erdmann, A. L., Higashi, G. D., & Sasso, G. T.
(2016). Evidence-based measures to prevent central line-
associated bloodstream infections: a systematic review. 1
Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 24(0).
doi:10.1590/1518-8345.1233.2787
O'Grady, N. P., & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(U.S.), Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory
Committee (U.S.). (2011). Guidelines for the prevention of
intravascular catheter-related infections, 2011. Atlanta, GA:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
Davis, D., O'Brien, M. A., Freemantle, N., Wolf, F. M.,
Mazmanian, P., & Taylor-Vaisey, A. (1999). Impact of Formal
Continuing Medical Education. JAMA,
282(9),867.doi:10.1001/jama.282.9.867 [PubMed]

Alonso-Echanove, J., Edwards, J. R., Richards, M. J., Brennan,
P., Venezia, R. A., Keen, J., … Gaynes, R. P. (2003). Effect of
Nurse Staffing and Antimicrobial-Impregnated Central Venous
Catheters on the Risk for Bloodstream Infections in Intensive
Care Units. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 24(12),
916-925. doi:10.1086/502160 [PubMed]

EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 2EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH .docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 2EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH .docx

Similar to EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 2EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH .docx (20)

More from turveycharlyn

More from turveycharlyn (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 2EVALUATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH .docx