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1. ITUPublications
Measuring digital
development
Facts and figures
2019

2. ii Facts and figures 2019
Welcome to the first of ITU’s Measuring Digital
Development series of statistical and analytical
publications that replace the annual Measuring the
Information Society Report. Facts and figures 2019
offers a snapshot of the most important ICT indicators,
including estimates for the current year. Latest figures
show that while Internet use continues to spread, the
digital gender gap is also growing. More effective action
is urgently needed to address a range of barriers –
cultural, financial and skills-related – that are impeding
Internet uptake, especially among women.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin
Director, ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau
Foreword

3. 1 Facts and figures 2019
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019*
Number of Internet users (le� axis) Propor�on of Internet users (right axis)
billons
%
16.8
18.4
20.6
23.1
25.8
29.3
31.8
34.8
37.0
39.1
41.5
44.8
49.0
51.4
53.6
Individuals using the Internet, 2005-2019*
Internet usage keeps growing, but barriers lie ahead
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
An estimated 4.1 billion
people are using the
Internet in 2019,
reflecting a 5.3 per cent
increase compared
with 2018.
4.1billion
The global penetration
rate increased from
nearly 17 per cent in
2005 to over 53 per
cent in 2019.2005
16.8%
2019
53.6%
In recent years though,
global growth rates
are not as a high as a
decade ago because
some parts of the world
are reaching saturation
levels.
Between 2005 and
2019, the number of
Internet users grew on
average by 10 per cent
every year.

4. 2 Facts and figures 2019
Percentage of individuals using the Internet, by region and development status, 2019*
Most of the offline population lives in least developed countries
Percentage of the population not using the Internet, 2019*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Europe
Africa
W
orld
Developing
82.5
The
Am
ericas
72.2
Asia&
Pacific
48.4
28.2
53.6
47.0
Developed
86.6
CIS
Arab
States
51.6
LDCs
19.1
CIS
77.2
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
In developed countries, most people are online, with close to 87 per cent of
individuals using the Internet.
In the least developed countries (LDCs), on the other hand, only 19 per cent of
individuals are online in 2019.
Europe is the region with the highest Internet usage rates, Africa the region
with the lowest Internet usage rates.
0-25
25-50
50-75
75-100
Data not available
The map of the offline
population highlights
regional differences in
Internet usage.
Countries with the highest
proportions of people
not using the Internet are
mostly in Africa and South
Asia, although there are
inter-regional differences.
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
86.6%
Developed Countries
19.1%
LDCs
Africa Europe

5. 3 Facts and figures 2019
0 20 40 60 80 10010 30 50 70 90
Europe
CIS
The Americas
Africa
World
LDCs
Developing
Developed
84.9
80.3
77.6
76.8
73.6
71.0
Asia & Pacific 54.6
41.3
33.8
22.6
58.3
48.4
24.4
13.9
52.8
40.7
87.6
86.0
Male Female
44.2
Arab States 58.5
Internet penetration rate for men and women, 2019*
The digital gender gap is growing fast in developing countries
Note: * ITU estimate. Penetration rates in this chart refer to the number of women/men that use the Internet, as a percentage of the
respective total female/male population.
Source: ITU.
20192013
5.3
9.4
1.0
-0.4
3.6
7.5
24.4
17.4
24.4
19.2
33.0
20.7
17.0
11.0
2.3
5.8
22.8
15.8
42.8
29.9
Europe
CIS
TheAm
ericas
Arab
States
Asia&
Pacific
Africa
W
orld
LDCs
Developing
Developed
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-5
%
The Internet user gender gap (%), 2013 and 2019*
Note: * ITU estimate. The gender gap represents the difference between the Internet user penetration rates for males and females
relative to the Internet user penetration rate for males, expressed as a percentage.
Source: ITU.

6. 4 Facts and figures 2019
Higher rates males Higher rates females Equal rates Data not available
Proportion of Internet users, by gender, 2019*
Note: * ITU estimate. Penetration rates in this map refer to the number of women/men that use the Internet, as a percentage of the respective total female/male
population. The ratio is considered equal when the difference between the male and female Internet penetration rate is less than 2 percentage points.
Source: ITU.
8
The proportion of women using the Internet globally is 48
per cent, compared to 58 per cent of men.
In relative terms, this means that the global Internet user gap
is 17 per cent.
The global gender gap has
increased owing to the
rapid growth in the number
of male Internet users in
developing countries.
Between 2013 and 2019, the
gender gap hovered around zero
in the Americas and has been
shrinking in the CIS countries and
Europe. However, in the Arab
States, Asia and the Pacific, and
Africa, the gender gap has been
growing.
The proportion of women using
the Internet is higher than that
of men in only 8 per cent of
countries, while gender equality in
Internet use is found in just over
one-quarter of countries.
48% 58%
In all regions of the world,
more men than women are
using the Internet. The gap is
small in developed countries
and large in developing
countries, especially LDCs.

7. 5 Facts and figures 2019
Evolution of mobile and fixed subscriptions, 2005-2019*
Mobile-broadband subscriptions continue to grow strongly
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
Mobile-cellular telephone subscrip�ons
Fixed-broadband subscrip�ons
Fixed-telephone subscrip�ons
Ac�ve mobile-broadband subscrip�ons
108.0
83.0
14.9
12.1
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
The number of active mobile-
broadband subscriptions per
100 inhabitants continues to
grow strongly, with an 18.4 per
cent year-on-year growth.
Mobile-cellular subscriptions
have also continued to
grow, while fixed-telephone
subscriptions continue to
decline steadily.
Fixed-broadband subscriptions
have continued to grow
steadily, although at a more
modest rate than mobile-
broadband subscriptions.
Fixed-telephone and fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2019*
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Europe
CIS
The
Am
ericas
Arab
States
Asia&
Pacific
Africa
W
orld
LDCs
Developing
Developed
Fixed-telephone Fixed-broadband
33.6
31.9
22.5
22.0
19.4
19.8
8.9
14.4
8.8
8.1
0.8
0.4
12.1
14.9
35.6
33.6
11.2
7.4
0.8
1.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Europe
CIS
The
Am
ericas
Arab
States
Asia&
Pacific
Africa
W
orld
LDCs
Developing
Developed
Mobile-cellular subscrip�ons Ac�ve mobile-broadband subscrip�ons
118.4
97.4
110.1
104.4
140.1
85.4
111.7
89.0
100.6
67.3
80.1
34.0
108.0
83.0
128.9
121.7
75.2
103.8
74.9
33.1
Mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2019*
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
There is a strong correlation between a region’s
income levels and the number of fixed-telephone
and fixed-broadband connections per 100
inhabitants, reflecting the price and availability of
fixed connections.
In developing countries, there are now more fixed-
broadband than fixed-telephone subscriptions.
Developing countries
11.2
7.4
The correlation between level of development
and uptake of mobile subscriptions is much
weaker, reflecting the better affordability and
availability of mobile compared with fixed
network connections.
The relatively small difference between
developed and developing countries also shows
that connectivity is a priority among people in
countries at all levels of development.

8. 6 Facts and figures 2019
Percentage of individuals owning a mobile phone, latest year in 2015-2018
Wide gender gap in mobile phone ownership often coupled with
a wide gender gap in Internet use
0-45
45-70
70-90
90-100
Data not available
Gender gap in mobile phone ownership, latest year in 2015-2018
<-10
-10 to 0
0 to 10
> 10
Data not available
Based on the countries for
which data are available, it
appears that mobile phone
ownership is correlated
with income levels.
The lowest mobile phone
ownership rates are found
in Africa and South Asia,
the highest rates are in
Europe, with Latin America
in between.
Source: ITU and AfterAccess.
In 24 of the 85 countries for
which data are available, a
higher proportion of women
than men own a mobile phone,
although the gap is usually
quite small. In only three cases
is the gap wider than 5 per
cent, with the widest gap of 12
per cent in Chile.
However, for 23 of the 58
countries where more men
than women own a mobile
phone, the gender gap is over
10 per cent, and in 14 of those
countries over 20 per cent.
Most countries with a large
gender gap in mobile phone
ownership also have a large
gender gap among Internet
users.
Given that mobile phones
are the most frequently
used means of accessing
the Internet, addressing this
gender gap could help to
reduce the Internet usage
gender gap.
Note: * ITU estimate. The gender gap represents the difference between the mobile phone ownership rates for
males and females relative to the mobile phone ownership rate for males, expressed as a percentage.
Source: ITU and AfterAccess.

9. 7 Facts and figures 2019
Percentage of households with Internet access at home and with a computer, 2019*
Computers no longer needed to access the Internet at home
Percentage of households with Internet access at home and with a computer,
2005-2019*
0
20
40
60
80
100
10
30
50
70
90
Europe
CIS
The
Am
ericas
Arab
States
Asia&
Pacific
Africa
W
orld
LDCs
Developing
Developed
86.5
78.0
71.8
65.7
74.2
66.3
50.9
43.5
57.1
51.9
17.8
10.7
57.0
49.7
87.0
82.3
46.7
38.5
11.8
9.5
Households with Internet access at home Households with a computer
The percentage of
households with
Internet access at
home is generally
correlated with a
region´s level of
development.
In all regions of the
world, households
are more likely to
have Internet access
at home than to have
a computer because
Internet access is also
possible through other
devices.
In Africa and the LDCs,
very few households
have either Internet
access or a computer.
Before the rise of smartphones, there
were virtually no countries where more
households had Internet access at
home than computers.
In recent years, however, more
households in many countries have had
Internet access than computers. This
is because computers are no longer
necessary to connect to the Internet,
and many people connect using devices
such as smartphones.
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
Africa
17.8
10.7
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
Households with a computer Households with Internet access at home
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.

10. 8 Facts and figures 2019
Mobile population coverage by type of network, 2007-2019*
Almost the entire world population lives within reach
of a mobile network
Mobile coverage by type of network, by region and development status, 2019*
LTE or higher
3G
2G
Internet users
World popula�on
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019*
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Billionpeople
8
More than 95 per cent
of the population in
Asia and the Pacific,
Europe, and the
Americas is covered by
a 3G or higher network.
In the Arab States,
91 per cent of the
population is covered by
a 3G or higher network,
while in the CIS region
coverage is 88 per cent,
followed by Africa at 79
per cent.
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
0
20
40
60
80
100
10
30
50
70
90
Europe
CIS
The
Am
ericas
Arab
States
Asia&
Pacific
Africa
W
orld
LDCs
Developing
Developed
0.6
7.8
91.3
6.0
90.5
76.8
6.1
11.4
91.5
3.9
2.6
59.2
31.8
5.0
38.0
41.5
10.0
81.8
11.4
3.2
92.9
5.0
0.9
79.6
12.7
3.7
40.0
38.8
9.9
LTE or higher 3G 2G
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
82%
11%
93%
53%
82 per cent of the
world’s population
lives within reach
of an LTE or higher
mobile-broadband
signal, and another 11
per cent have access
to a 3G network.
While 93 per cent
of the world’s
population lives
within reach of a
mobile broadband
(or Internet) service,
just over 53 per cent
actually uses the
Internet.
Almost the entire
world population (97
per cent) lives within
reach of a mobile
cellular signal.
97%
Europe
99.1%
The Americas
96.6%
CIS
88.2%
Asia & Pacific
95.4%
Arab States
91.0%
Africa
79.5%

11. 9 Facts and figures 2019
Note: * ITU estimate. Source: ITU.
Bandwidth growing fast but with regional differences
0 50 100 150 200 250
Europe
CIS
The Americas
Arab States
Asia & Pacific
Africa
World
LDCs
Developing
Developed
211
130
107
102
112
31
118
189
91
21
kbit/s
International bandwidth usage per Internet user (kbit/s), by
region 2019*
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Asia & Pacific Europe The Americas Arab States CIS Africa
International bandwidth usage in Gbit/s, 2015-2019*
0-50
50-100
100-200
>200
Data not available
International bandwidth usage per Internet user (kbit/s),
2019*
International bandwidth
usage grew by 33.4 per cent
on average annually between
2015 and 2019.
43%
25%
21% Asia & Pacific
Europe
Americas
11%
Asia and Pacific account for
more than 40 per cent of
global usage, followed by
Europe (25 per cent) and the
Americas (21 per cent).
The other three regions
combined account for only
11 per cent of the global
total.
In terms of kbit/s per
Internet user, Europe has by
far the highest bandwidth
usage (211 kbit/s), followed
by four regions with similar
bandwidth usage (between
100 and 130 kbit/s).
Africa is lagging behind, with
31 kbit/s per Internet user.
31kbit/s

12. 10 Facts and figures 2019
Lack of ICT skills a barrier to effective Internet use
Note: For each country, the value for basic
skills is the highest value among the
following four computer-based activities:
copying or moving a file or folder, using
copy and paste tools to duplicate or
move information within a document,
sending e‑mails with attached files, and
transferring files between a computer
and other devices. The value for standard
skills is the highest value among the
following four computer-based activities:
using basic arithmetic formula in a
spreadsheet; connecting and installing
new devices; creating electronic
presentations with presentation software;
and finding, downloading, installing
and configuring software. The value for
advanced skills is the value for writing a
computer programme using a specialized
programming language.
An important barrier in the
uptake and effective use of the
Internet is a lack of ICT skills.
In 40 out of 84 countries for
which data are available,
less than half the population
possesses basic computer skills
such as copying a file or sending
an e‑mail with an attachment.
For more complex activities
(classified as “standard skills”),
such as using basic arithmetic
formulae in a spreadsheet or
downloading and installing
new software, the proportions
are even lower. In 60 of the
countries for which data are
available, these proportions are
below 50 per cent.
With respect to advanced
computer skills, in only two
countries (United Arab Emirates
and Brunei Darussalam) do
more than 15 per cent of
people report having written
a computer programme using
a specialized programming
language in the last three
months. In only 10 other
countries is that proportion
above 10 per cent.
Although more data need to be
collected, these results show
that there is a strong need to
develop digital skills.
0-15
15-35
35-55
55-75
Data not available
Percentage of people with basic skills, in 2014-2018
0-25
25-50
50-75
75-100
Data not available
Percentage of people with standard skills, in 2014-2018
0-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
Data not available
Percentage of people with advanced skills, in 2014-2018
Source: ITU.
Source: ITU.
Source: ITU.

13. 11 Facts and figures 2019
Broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p.c., 2019
Broadband still expensive in LDCs
Bundled mobile broadband prices, PPP$, 2019
0
20
40
60
80
100
10
30
50
70
90
Mobile-broadband 1.5 GB prices as a % of GNI p.c.
Developed Developing (no LDCs) LDCs
0-2% 2-5% 5-10% 10-20% 20%
Broadband
commission 2025
target: 2% GNI p.c
43
42
4
40
1
7
15
6 3
7 9
0
20
40
60
80
100
10
30
50
70
90
Fixed-broadband 5 GB prices as a % of GNI p.c.
Developed Developing (no LDCs) LDCs
0-2% 2-5% 5-10% 10-20% 20%
Broadband
commission 2025
target: 2% GNI p.c
39
22
34
5
3
23
4
7
7
19
4
Numberofcountries
NumberofcountriesNote: Data thresholds are based on the ITU price baskets (see https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/ICTprices/default.aspx). Source: ITU.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Europe
CIS
The Americas
Arab States
Asia Pacific
Africa
World
LDCs
Developing
Developed
Low usage High usage
21.0
29.6
32.1
43.9
12.6
18.4
20.6
31.3
25.3
39.2
27.1
53.0
24.9
38.6
22.1
30.9
41.4
26.0
22.9
44.6
Note: Simple averages, based on the economies for which data on mobile-broadband prices were available. High
usage refers to a bundle including 140 minutes of voice, 70 SMS, and 1.5 GB of data. Low usage refers to a bundle
including 70 minutes of voice, 20 SMS, and 500 MB of data.
Source: ITU.
A high-usage mobile
broadband bundle, which
includes 140 minutes of voice,
70 SMS and 1.5 GB of data,
costs on average just under
USD 40 in purchasing power
parity (PPP) terms, although
there is a significant difference
between developed countries
(31 PPP$) and LDCs (45 PPP$).
A low-usage bundle of 70
minutes of voice, 20 SMS and
500 MB of data has an average
price of 25 PPP$, with very little
difference between developed
countries, developing countries
and LDCs.
The CIS region has the lowest
prices, while in Africa mobile
broadband bundles are the
most expensive.
In 2018, the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development set as a target for 2025
that entry-level broadband services should be made affordable in developing countries,
corresponding to less than 2 per cent of monthly Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
In 2019, in 61 countries, a fixed-broadband subscription including 5 GB of data costs less than
2 per cent of GNI per capita.
A mobile-broadband subscription with a 1.5 GB data package costs less than 2 per cent of GNI
per capita in 89 countries, including four LDCs.
Although considerable progress has been made in recent years, affordability remains a
challenge in many countries, especially LDCs.

14. © 2019 ITU
International Telecommunication Union
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
Original language of publication: English
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
International Telecommunication Union.
The base map for this infographic is based on the UNmap database of the United Nations Cartographic
Section.
UNCS Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply
the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of
its frontiers or boundaries.
ISBN:
978-92-61-29511-0 (Paper version)
978-92-61-29521-9 (Electronic version)
978-92-61-29531-8 (EPUB version)
978-92-61-29541-7 (Mobi version)

15. Published in Switzerland
Geneva, 2019
International
Telecommunication
Union
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
ISBN 978-92-61-29521-9 SAP id
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