Running head: EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS 1 EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS 3 Effects of Non-Family Workers on Family Business Students’ name Tutor Course Date Family businesses are owned by two or more members of the same family (Reed, 2017). The family business can be owned and managed by members of the family and is intended to realize different types of returns including returns on the relationship, return on finances, and emotional return (Aguinis, 2014). This type of business is fully owned and managed by members of the family who assume different positions in the organization. Some instances, however, need where the family business is forced to hire non-family members (Grzywacz & Handlowa, 2016). When a non-family member is hired in a family owned and managed business the action leads to significant effects on the business performance (Glas, Mirtič, & Pšeničny, 2016). Several factors affect family business which include the need to maintain family relation, social factors, management of family and business. This research therefore seeks to distinguish the difference brought about when the non-family member is introduced in the executive position of a family business. The study seeks to test the hypothesis that when a non-family member is included in a family owned and managed business at the executive level the business performance is improved . The study will attract several dependent and independent variables. The independent variable will include attitude, level of social interaction, personal interests, and family conflicts. The dependent variable on the other hand includes the business profitability level. There are intervening variables which include the impact of non-family member, the business interest and legal requirements . Literature review According to Hisrich, Peters, & Shepherd (2017) Family members are closely related to each other, and this makes management of the business mostly personal. When the members of the family tend to argue the work done, they take things to a personal and family level that could result in severe conflict and poor management of the firm (Wolff & Resnick, 2012). Organizations run by the family members strive to create a distinction between the family and business issues making it difficult for them to operate (Searing, 2016). Other members also embezzle funds for the business with the idea that it’s a family issue and rarely will legal action be taken against them (Ritonija, et al., 2015). According to the principles of economics the business and the owner should be treated as two different entities, however creating the distinction becomes difficult in the family business (Johnson, 2015). The inclusion of purely family members in the business could, therefore, be fatal at some point. According to Lussier & Hendon (2016) introduction of non-family members in family business creates a sense of increased respect for the organization. The non-.

1. Running head: EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON
FAMILY BUSINESS
1
EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY
BUSINESS
3
Effects of Non-Family Workers on Family Business
Students’ name
Tutor
Course
Date
Family businesses are owned by two or more members of the
same family (Reed, 2017). The family business can be owned
and managed by members of the family and is intended to
realize different types of returns including returns on the
relationship, return on finances, and emotional return (Aguinis,
2014). This type of business is fully owned and managed by
members of the family who assume different positions in the
organization. Some instances, however, need where the family
business is forced to hire non-family members (Grzywacz &
Handlowa, 2016). When a non-family member is hired in a
family owned and managed business the action leads to
significant effects on the business performance (Glas, Mirtič, &
Pšeničny, 2016). Several factors affect family business which
include the need to maintain family relation, social factors,
management of family and business. This research therefore
seeks to distinguish the difference brought about when the non-
family member is introduced in the executive position of a
family business.

2. The study seeks to test the hypothesis that when a non-family
member is included in a family owned and managed business at
the executive level the business performance is improved
. The study will attract several dependent and independent
variables. The independent variable will include attitude, level
of social interaction, personal interests, and family conflicts.
The dependent variable on the other hand includes the business
profitability level. There are intervening variables which
include the impact of non-family member, the business interest
and legal requirements
.
Literature review
According to Hisrich, Peters, & Shepherd (2017) Family
members are closely related to each
other, and this makes management of the business mostly
personal. When the members of the family tend to argue the
work done, they take things to a personal and family level that
could result in severe conflict and poor management of the firm
(Wolff & Resnick, 2012). Organizations run by the family
members strive to create a distinction between the family and
business issues making it difficult for them to operate (Searing,
2016). Other members also embezzle funds for the business with
the idea that it’s a family issue and rarely will legal action be
taken against them (Ritonija, et al., 2015). According to the
principles of economics the business and the owner should be
treated as two different entities, however creating the
distinction becomes difficult in the family business (Johnson,
2015). The inclusion of purely family members in the business
could, therefore, be fatal at some point.
According to Lussier & Hendon (2016) introduction of non-
family members in family business creates a sense of increased
respect for the organization. The non-family member takes the
job with more seriousness than the family people which can be
translated in their performance (Parkin, 2018). In most cases

3. failure to deliver on the desired services could lead to adverse
action than in the case of a family member (McLean & Yang,
2014). The decisions made by the non-family member will also
be sound in fear of being victimized for poor performance.
People who are related tend to have similarity in their strengths
and weaknesses. Therefore, the inclusion of new member
creates a diversity of knowledge in the organization (Martin,
Heron, Moreno-Walton, & Jones, 2016). The diversity of
knowledge in an organization helps in maintaining high-
performance standards since the employees complement each
other (Kushell, Spinelli, Nadaff, DeLuca, & Bolt, 2011). Most
successful family-owned businesses have the family members
mixed with the other members in different positions in the
organization to maintain the diversity and cover the weaknesses
portrayed in the family (Karlan, Morduch, & Startz, 2017).
Determination of the best strategy to use therefore becomes a
challenge for many people.
Method
The study will take the form of a survey intended to collect
quantitative data. The variables to be included in the study
include the number of family members employed in the family
business relative to the number of non-family members. The
performance of the organization will be measured through the
amount of profit generated. The survey will be conducted in
different organizations and results subjected to analysis and test
of the hypothesis.
References
Aguinis, H. (2014). Test-score banding in human resource
selection: technical, legal, and societal issues. Westport, Conn:
Praeger.
Glas, M., Mirtič, D., & Pšeničny, V. (2016). Family business.
Transitional impacts and the EU enlargement complexity, str,
300-327.

4. Grzywacz, J., & Handlowa, S. G. (2016). Sources of financing:
the development activities of enterprises in Poland. Warsaw:
SGH Publishing House. SGH Warsaw School of Economics.
Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., & Shepherd, D. A. (2017).
Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Johnson, J. (2015). Diversity policy. Kingfisher garden centre,
1-16.
Karlan, D. S., Morduch, J., & Startz, M. L. (2017). Economics.
Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education.
Kushell, J., Spinelli, S., Nadaff, G., DeLuca, F., & Bolt, D. D.
(2011). Introduction to the franchising case study: Subway
Restaurants. Marina Del Rey, CA: Young Entrepreneurs
Network.
Lussier, R. N., & Hendon, J. R. (2016). Human resource
management: Functions, applications, & skill development.
Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Martin, M. L., Heron, S. L., Moreno-Walton, L., & Jones, A. W.
(2016). Diversity and Inclusion in Quality Patient Care. Cham:
Springer International Publishing.
McLean, G. N., & Yang, B. (2014). Creativity and Human
Resource Development: An Integrative Literature Review and a
Conceptual Framework for Future Research. Human Resource
development review, 1-32.
Parkin, M. (2018). Microeconomics. New York, NY: Pearson.
Reed, S. M. (2017). A guide to the human resource body of
knowledge. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

5. Ritonija, N., Lazar, N., Gole, P. A., Maček, A., Vukasovič, T.,
& al, e. (2015). Professional skills in management and
leadership, entrepreneurship and communication - The e-
PROFMAN project. Re-imagining learning scenarios, 2(12), 97.
Searing, E. (2016). Practising Professional Ethics in Economics
and Public Policy. Netherlands: Springer.
Wolff, R. D., & Resnick, S. A. (2012). Contending economic
theories: neoclassical, Keynesian, and Marxian. Law and
economics, 55-78. Retrieved from http://ouleft.org/wp-
content/uploads/Contending-Economic-Theories-Wolff.pdf
�There are independent, dependent and intervening variables
but there is no relation between them. In literature review
please prove the relation between. In other words. There are
independent variables which are related with non-family
employee effects,but how did we find those variables.
�Also, there is a dependent variable, but what you want to say
in here how business profitability level is affected? Please
prove it with literature review
And lastly please explain the relation between intervening
variables and dependent variables and also independent
variables.
You can draw a sheme for it
�Could you please send me the references as you use in my
paper as a document?because I couldn’t find them

6. THIS ASSIGNMENT may be a more difficult one to be sure you
have a correct article... so students are highly recommended ,
once they have located one, to seek out their instructor to verify
their article indeed fits the requirement. Failure to have an
article that fits the requirements means little to to no points
awarded. So please get verification prior to posting.
ASSIGNMENT:
You are asked to find one article in the popular press (such as a
magazine or online) where a Statistics test is described and
used to draw a conclusion such as a Hypothesis test. The
purpose of this assignment is to find an article that actually
USES hypothesis testing on sample data to draw a conclusion
about a parameter which gave support the article’s conclusion
Students are prohibited using “articles” found on sites:
sigmazone.com OR minitab.com sites (and reminder: it was
already stated that you cannot use any “article” from .edu site
or “tutoring” site which are really intended to showcase
learning how to do hypothesis testing and not really an article
that had an actual STUDY done and used it.)
NOTE: If your article has MORE than one hypothesis test
results given… student is only allowed to REFERENCE “one”
of those in this assigment. You are to ignore any others.. This
is an assignment that is to show your mastery of reading an
article using results from a hypothesis test and being able to
break it down as needed. DO NOT TRY TO DO MORE THAN
ONE Hypothesis Test result (it will be too confusing). MOST
HAVE a p-value so if you cannot find one in the article, highly
likely you may not have an URL that can be used for this
assignment.

7. 1. Give the name of the article and brief summary of the
variable being tested with a few short sentences. Also state
either the URL of the article as your source OR if it is a hard
copy article, scan it in and attach to your post with full citation
of its source.
2. Describe how the test was conducted. How were the data
collected (or can you not tell this from the article?) Are the
data the result of an observational study or experimental study?
3. From the article, what is the the Null and Alternative
hypothesis (in sentence form is fine) for this test?.
4. What is the resulting pvalue given? Compare (in a sentence)
the pvalue to alpha level (if not stated, use alpha of 0.05) and
give the resulting decision (for us , a step four in our five step
process learned in this unit when doing hypothesis testing).
5. [If they do not give the pvalue, what is a likely range for the
pvalue of this test given the information in the article?]
6. What is the stated conclusion (from the article) of the test?
#35778 Topic: Article in the popular press
Number of sources: 2
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Article Critique
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)

8. Category: Mathematics
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: ATTACHED
You are asked to find one article in the popular press (such as a
magazine or online) where a Statistics test is described and used
to draw a conclusion such as a Hypothesis test. The purpose of
this assignment is to find an article that actually USES
hypothesis testing on sample data to draw a conclusion about a
parameter which gave support the article’s conclusion
#35771 Topic: Effects of non family workers on family business
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 15
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Research Proposal
Academic Level:Master
Category: Management
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: ATTACHED
I only speficied my thesis topic. On that period while writing

9. my proposal , I have to restrict the topic(because my topic is
very general) and write thesis outline by hyphothesizing.And
also, I have to choose my research method and the make my
litrature review. So, I want from you all of them.
For my homework my request from you is to write a thesis
proposal by restricting the topic. It means that what kind of
non-family workers maybe in which degree? Also in what kind
of family firms? And also I also want you to signify my
hypothesis by showing independent dependent variables etc.
Also, please make a good literature review and signify my
research method
So this is detailed outline for my thesis