Risk Assessment For Installation of Drainage Pipes.pdf
Liquified natural gas (lng)
1. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Name: M. Rizwan Jamil
Reg. No: 2015-BET-CHEM-20
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2. Synopsis
• History
• Composition of LNG
• Introduction of liquefaction process
• Manufacturing steps of LNG
• Storage
• Types of LNG carriers
• Environmental concerns
• Uses of LNG
• References
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3. History
• First time in U.S 1918.
• 1915 Godfrey Cabot patented a method for storing liquid gases at very low
temperatures. Small scale thermos bottle type shape.
• In 1937 Lee Twomey large scale storing.
• Gas can be stored at −260 °F (−162 °C).
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4. Composition of LNG
• Typically, LNG is 85 to 95-plus
percent Methane.
• A few percent Ethane.
• Less quantity of Propane and Butane.
• And traces of Nitrogen.
LNG Molecule
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5. Introduction of liquefaction process
• The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases,
helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream.
• Cooled it to approximately −162 °C (−260 °F); maximum transport pressure is set at around
25 kPa (4 psi).
• Natural gas is mainly converted in to LNG to achieve the natural gas transport over the seas
where laying pipelines is not feasible technically and economically.
• Energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG (at 250 bar) or 60 percent that of
diesel fuel.
• On energy basis LNG production is expected to hit 10% of the global crude production by 2020.
• It is odourless, colourless, non-toxic and non-corrosive.
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8. Storage
• Prestressed concrete outer wall and a high-nickel steel inner tank.
• Sometimes more expensive underground tanks are used for
storage. Smaller quantities (say 700 m3 (190,000 US gallons) and
less, may be stored in horizontal or vertical, pressure vessels.
• These tanks may be at pressures anywhere from less than 50 kPa
to over 1,700 kPa.
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9. Types of LNG Carriers
• Mark III System – (Techni Gaz System)
• No. 96 System – (Gaz Transport System)
• Membrane-type LNG Carriers (GTT Technology)
• LNG Carriers with spherical Storage Tanks (Kvaerner-Moss System)
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10. Environmental concerns
• The most environmentally friendly fossil fuel, because it has the lowest CO2
emissions per unit of energy.
• Emissions of carbon dioxide 30% less from Petroleum and 45% from Coal.
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11. Uses of LNG
These are some major uses of LNG:
• Use for as Energy resources
• Use of LNG to fuel large over-the-road trucks
• Use of LNG to fuel high-horsepower/high-torque engines
• Use of LNG in maritime applications
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12. References
• Hrastar, John (2014). Liquid Natural Gas in the United States: A History
(First ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.,
Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-7859-0.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas
• Shell: LNG in transport". Archived from the original on 22 June 2015.
Retrieved 17 June 2015
• "Fuels and Chemicals - Autoignition Temperatures". Archived from the
original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
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