This is the slideshow presentation I gave at the Green by Design conference in Minneapolis on 6/11/2009. The focus was on Passive House and Deep Energy Reduction Retrofit.
The slideshow contains a lot of full-screen images but no subtitles, therefore omitting some of the information which would have been given verbally during the presentation.
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Green by Design Session
1. PASSIVE HOUSE
An introduction by Tim Eian,
Certified Passive House™ Consultant
1
2. “TE Studio, Ltd.” is a Registered Provider with The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit
earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES
Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-
AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content
that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or
endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any
method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing
in any material or product. Questions related to specific
materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the
conclusion of this presentation.
2
4. learning objectives
1. See the big picture: Global warming, CO2 and voluntary
building standards
2. Understand the concept of "Conservation First"
3. Know the history of the Certified Passive House™ building
energy standard
4. Understand how the Certified Passive House™ building
energy standard works
5. Understand Deep Energy Reduction Retrofit
6. Discuss issues surrounding the Certified Passive House™
building energy standard and its potential to generate zero-
energy, carbon-neutral, and net-energy positive buildings
4
6. u.s. energy
consumption
25%
48%
27%
Buildings
Transportation
Industry
Source: architecture2030.com
6
7. u.s. electricity
consumption
1%
23%
76%
Buildings (Operation)
Industry
Transportation
Source: architecture2030.com
7
8. u.s. energy mix 2007
8%
7%
85%
Fossil
Renewable
Nuclear
Source: www.eia.doe.gov
8
9. co2 green house gas
Top CO2 Emitting Countries U.S. Fossil Carbon Emissions
(2005)
1. USA
2. Peoples Republic of
China
3. Russian Federation
4. India
5. Japan
Source: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/
9
13. solution
The change requires rigorous adjustment of the infrastructure
and an intelligent lifestyle.
SUPPLY DEMAND
Replace fossil fuels Significantly improve efficiency
13
14. architecture 2030
challenge
To accomplish this, Architecture 2030 has issued The 2030 Challenge asking the global architecture
and building community to adopt the following targets:
• All new buildings, developments and major renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel,
GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country)
average for that building type.
• At a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a
fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional
(or country) average for that building type.
• The fossil fuel reduction standard for all new buildings shall be increased to:
• 60% in 2010
• 70% in 2015
• 80% in 2020
• 90% in 2025
• Carbon-neutral in 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate).
These targets may be accomplished by implementing
innovative sustainable design strategies, generating
on-site renewable power and/or purchasing (20% maximum)
renewable energy and/or certified renewable energy credits.
Source: architecture2030.com
14
15. close to zero
LEED
Passive House
Net Energy Positive
15
16. “PASSIVHAUS”
passive house
building energy
standard
A rigorous, voluntary building energy standard
focusing on highest energy efficiency and quality of life
at low operating cost.
16
22. passive solar design
vs. passive house
PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN PASSIVE HOUSE BUILDING STANDARD
Building design concept Certified building energy standard
“Unlimited” energy use Limited energy use per square foot and year
Utilization of solar heat gains and internal
Utilization of solar heat gains (passive)
heat gains (passive)
Utilization of shading devices to control solar Utilizes shading devices and glazing to
heat gains control solar heat gains
Use of thermal mass for absorption and Use of superinsulation for retention of space
storage of solar energy conditioning energy
Use of thermal mass for time-release of
space conditioning energy (passive Use of ventilation system for distribution and
convection/radiation or active distribution recovery of heating energy
with mechanical system)
22
33. basic design principle
A building is already warm inside going from summer into
fall and winter
- Minimize heat loss through air-tightness, insulation,
advanced windows & doors, and heat-recovery ventilation—
retaining space-conditioning energy very effectively
+ Maximize passive solar heat gains through windows
+ Maximize internal heat gains from people and appliances
+ Additional heat comes from a tiny backup system for peak
heat-load
33
34. active vs. passive
“Active” Heating “Passive” System with
System 10 kW+ small post heater 1 kW
85 - 450 max. 15
kWh/m2 kWh/m2
Average existing building Passive House
Source: Krapmeier & Drössler 2001
34
35. Capitalized costs in
economy
Elimination of traditional heating system
Ultra low-energy building
Euro
Low-energy building
Passive House
Space-Conditioning Energy in kWh/(m2 a)
“Gas-Mileage for Buildings”
Source: Krapmeier & Drössler 2001
35
36. energy
90%+ reduction in space-conditioning energy consumption*
75%+ reduction in source-energy consumption*
Source: Krapmeier & Drössler 2001 *) compared to standard-practice code-compliant construction
36
37. “gas-mileage
for buildings”
Energy per square foot and year
37
38. space-conditioning
energy limit
Energy used to heat or cool a building
≤ 4,750 Btu/(sf yr)
38
66. high-efficiency
appliances
Source: Ecodrain Source: Sun Frost
66
67. predictable outcome
& quality control
• Passive House Planning
Package (PHPP)
• Consider site, climate,
people, envelope,
mechanical system,
renewables, etc.
• Field testing &
third party verification
• Site supervision by Passive
House Consultant
67
69. think globally,
build locally.
• Passive House Standard performance requirements are
always the same, no matter where the building is built
• Climate zone and a building’s distinctive location impact the
design significantly
• Therefore, Passive Houses will look differently depending on
where they are located
69
71. key benefits
• 70–90% reduced energy bills
• Significantly reduced environmental impact and carbon
footprint
• Step towards energy independence
• Dramatically improved comfort & health
• Enhanced durability & reduced maintenance
• Integrated design—thoughtful approach to how all building
components work together (Systems approach)
• Improved survivability
• We can overcome energy obsolescence!
• Tremendous nation-wide energy-savings potential for existing
building stock
71
73. derr in a nutshell
• Assess viability of existing structure and levels of
obsolescence
• Test and analyze existing performance
• Create strategy and design:
- Control heat, air, and moisture
- Make the house safe for people
- Take care of ventilation
- Make the envelope air-tight and weather-tight
- Add insulation per energy goal
• Assess moisture transfer through shell, and design assemblies
that will be air-tight but diffusion open
73
74. derr in a nutshell
• Demo and prepare existing building
• Establish air-tightness layer
• Test air-tightness layer
• Add (exterior) insulation package
• Install new doors and windows
• Add finishes
• Test air-tightness layer
• Add heat-recovery ventilation system
• Test ventilation system
• Adequately size mechanical system
• Add renewable energy package as desired
74
75. assembly
Existing Retrofit
STANDING SEAM METAL ROOFING
PLYWOOD & CONTINUOUS HIGH
TEMPERATURE ICE AND WATER SHIELD
2X4 SLEEPERS
PLYWOOD SHEATHING
SHEATHING XPS INSULATION
ROOF FRAMING, STO-GUARD, VAPOR RETARDER,
FIBERGLASS INSULATION AIR-TIGHTNESS LAYER, WIND-WASH BARRIER
T&G OSB SHEATHING,
EPS INSULATION
SEAL ALL JOINTS AIR-TIGHT!
CEILING FINISH
75
82. net-zero source
energy
Energy produced on site
=
Energy consumed at provider including energy content of raw
materials, conversion and distribution
Comment: “True” zero energy level (for operation)
82
83. net-positive energy
(NPE)
Energy produced on site
>
Energy consumed on site
83
84. net-zero emissions
(ZEB outside us)
CO2 offset on site
≥
CO2 generated in source energy production at provider to
deliver site energy
Comment: Sustainability level (for operation)
84
85. “safe-the-planet”
level
Net Zero Energy Emissions + Net Positive Energy
Comment: Potential to offset others
85
87. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR TIME!
QUESTIONS?
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing
Education Systems Program
Dipl.-Ing. Tim Eian, Assoc. AIA
Certified Passive House™ Consultant
TE Studio, Ltd.
3429 Benjamin St. NE
Minneapolis, MN 55418
www.teStudioLtd.com
612-246-4670
beautiful, resource-efficient buildings
87
Thanks for inviting me to talk about Passive House Design Standard.
Thank people for coming
Excited to be here and talk about Passive House
Quick background on my person:
- German, lived here 7 years, family and house, worked with local firm for 6.5 years, have always been fascinated with architecture and how things work. Architectural degree more technical in Germany (engineer’s title), have had a fascination with efficient approaches to design.
This talk: 2 sections (1) general benefits, (2) key summary of how to do it
Thanks for inviting me to talk about Passive House Design Standard.
Thank people for coming
Excited to be here and talk about Passive House
Quick background on my person:
- German, lived here 7 years, family and house, worked with local firm for 6.5 years, have always been fascinated with architecture and how things work. Architectural degree more technical in Germany (engineer’s title), have had a fascination with efficient approaches to design.
This talk: 2 sections (1) general benefits, (2) key summary of how to do it
Thanks for inviting me to talk about Passive House Design Standard.
Thank people for coming
Excited to be here and talk about Passive House
Quick background on my person:
- German, lived here 7 years, family and house, worked with local firm for 6.5 years, have always been fascinated with architecture and how things work. Architectural degree more technical in Germany (engineer’s title), have had a fascination with efficient approaches to design.
This talk: 2 sections (1) general benefits, (2) key summary of how to do it
Why are we looking at voluntary building standards if there is a building code?
Doesn’t code cover all the important aspects of construction and operation?
Code is not necessarily science-based (sometimes lobby-based, sim. politics).
Energy does not traditionally play a key role in how we build buildings.
Energy consumption in the US is largest per capita in the world. (approx. 2x Europe, 4.6x global average - World Resources Institute 2003, www.wri.org)
Therefore, US responsibility for protecting the planet bigger than other nations, and there is a bigger potential for significant savings.
US is leader in the world and many nations aspire to its standard of living. We have a chance for positive leadership position
Where does all the energy go in this country?
We talk a lot about transportation, yet buildings consume much more energy.
Where does all the energy go in this country?
We talk a lot about transportation, yet buildings consume much more energy.
Where does all the energy go in this country?
We talk a lot about transportation, yet buildings consume much more energy.
When looking at electricity, this is even more obvious.
When looking at electricity, this is even more obvious.
When looking at electricity, this is even more obvious.
US Energy mix mostly fossil fuel based. That contributes to the big GHG issue.
(overall energy use 2007 for US, Energy Information Agency)
US Energy mix mostly fossil fuel based. That contributes to the big GHG issue.
(overall energy use 2007 for US, Energy Information Agency)
US Energy mix mostly fossil fuel based. That contributes to the big GHG issue.
(overall energy use 2007 for US, Energy Information Agency)
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
2005 numbers show USA at top, China now in the lead.
Countries BRICK following U.S. lead into a largely carbon based economy
(Brazil, Russia, India, China and south Korea) (possibly Mexico, and South Africa)
Show graph for US trend. Point out energy crisis in 1973
280 ppm CO2 is pre-industrial level, now at 384 ppm causing 2C or 3F temp increase
Why is CO2 bad?
CO2 has a residence time (sim. radioactivity), takes time to dissipate and reduce
Even if we stop making it today, it will take time to decrease. CO2 currently is largest contributor among GHGs besides water vapor
Environmental impact: Melting ice caps, rising sea-levels, diminishing fresh water supplies, more severe weather events
Health impact: disease, pests, heat-stress related death, displacement (environmental refugees)
Don’t want to get into the issue of global warming and how much of it is man-made vs. cyclical. That is irrelevant for the conversation. Since it is going up and creating problems, we need to take action and reduce contributions significantly right now.
Cannot go from oil-based economy, to the next GHG-increasing economy (hydrogene takes more resources right now, nuclear: waste issue not solve, national security issues).
There aren’t any negative consequences in polluting the earth less. Worst case, we conserve and save money. It is a win-win situation.
Energy is a national security issue and a financial Issue:
US is energy importer, energy doesn't always come from the most stable places in the world,
money spent in other countries is money lost to local economy!
Rising energy costs: $350 per household in MN and rising - almost second mortgage. Huge retrofit potential.
Energy independence will increase national security and help keep more money here at home, help the economy.
How do we achieve energy independence?
We need energy policy to create a strategy - or we can take matters into our own hands and make a difference where we can today
Problem though!
Right now the predictions are going in the opposite direction.
What can we do today to bring it down, without sacrificing lifestyle, comfort, economy?
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
We can either make dramatic changes on the supply side, or to the demand side.
Fact is, one measure alone probably won’t get us there since changes are mostly incremental (small steps at a time - like gas mileage on cars inching up even though we know how to make a really efficient car.
Here is an example of an incremental approach - explain briefly.
This one is actually very ambitious. It also doesn’t tell us exactly how to get there (read bold type)
Therefore, we need a comprehensive approach, an integrated approach to look at solutions in a new way to change their efficiency from the ground up.
We need to leapfrog! (and yes, I still subscribe to this model because it is the best one out there)
How do we measure the success?
In Germany, we look at gas-mileage for homes. Instead of MPGs, we measure in kWh/m2 a or Btu/sf year
In U.S. we currently use a comparative model: HERS
Problem: nobody really knows what the basis is and buildings are compared on a point basis. Nowhere does it directly relate back to energy.
Limited use, but realtor associations are looking to use it for a “green” realty label, MN starting 2009. HERS is determined by HERS rater.
HERS (Home Energy Rating System), controversial and not absolute- uses comparison not actual energy modeling or monitoring
Ratings provides a relative energy use index called the HERS Index – a HERS Index of 100 represents the energy use of the “American Standard Building” and an Index of 0 (zero) indicates that the Proposed Building uses no net purchased energy (a Zero Energy Building). Zero Site energy, nor really a zero energy building though.
What is a HERS Rating?
A home energy rating involves an analysis of a home’s construction plans and onsite inspections. Based on the home’s plans, the Home Energy Rater uses an energy efficiency software package to perform an energy analysis of the home’s design. This analysis yields a projected, pre-construction HERS Index. Upon completion of the plan review, the rater will work with the builder to identify the energy efficiency improvements needed to ensure the house will meet ENERGY STAR performance guidelines. The rater then conducts onsite inspections, typically including a blower door test (to test the leakiness of the house) and a duct test (to test the leakiness of the ducts). Results of these tests, along with inputs derived from the plan review, are used to generate the HERS Index score for the home.
The HERS Index
The HERS Index is a scoring system established by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code) scores a HERS Index of 100, while a net zero energy home scores a HERS Index of 0. The lower a home’s HERS Index, the more energy efficient it is in comparison to the HERS Reference Home.
Each 1-point decrease in the HERS Index corresponds to a 1% reduction in energy consumption compared to the HERS Reference Home. Thus a home with a HERS Index of 85 is 15% more energy efficient than the HERS Reference Home and a home with a HERS Index of 80 is 20% more energy efficient.
For more information, visit the RESNET Web site .
Comparing the New HERS Index with the Old HERS Score
For homes rated before July 1, 2006, the rating score is known as a “HERS Score.” The HERS Score is a system in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 1993 Model Energy Code) has a HERS Score of 80. Unlike the HERS Index, each 1-point increase in a HERS Score is equivalent to a 5% increase in energy efficiency. Please see the table below for a comparison of the HERS Score and the HERS Index.
How do we measure the success?
In Germany, we look at gas-mileage for homes. Instead of MPGs, we measure in kWh/m2 a or Btu/sf year
In U.S. we currently use a comparative model: HERS
Problem: nobody really knows what the basis is and buildings are compared on a point basis. Nowhere does it directly relate back to energy.
Limited use, but realtor associations are looking to use it for a “green” realty label, MN starting 2009. HERS is determined by HERS rater.
HERS (Home Energy Rating System), controversial and not absolute- uses comparison not actual energy modeling or monitoring
Ratings provides a relative energy use index called the HERS Index – a HERS Index of 100 represents the energy use of the “American Standard Building” and an Index of 0 (zero) indicates that the Proposed Building uses no net purchased energy (a Zero Energy Building). Zero Site energy, nor really a zero energy building though.
What is a HERS Rating?
A home energy rating involves an analysis of a home’s construction plans and onsite inspections. Based on the home’s plans, the Home Energy Rater uses an energy efficiency software package to perform an energy analysis of the home’s design. This analysis yields a projected, pre-construction HERS Index. Upon completion of the plan review, the rater will work with the builder to identify the energy efficiency improvements needed to ensure the house will meet ENERGY STAR performance guidelines. The rater then conducts onsite inspections, typically including a blower door test (to test the leakiness of the house) and a duct test (to test the leakiness of the ducts). Results of these tests, along with inputs derived from the plan review, are used to generate the HERS Index score for the home.
The HERS Index
The HERS Index is a scoring system established by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code) scores a HERS Index of 100, while a net zero energy home scores a HERS Index of 0. The lower a home’s HERS Index, the more energy efficient it is in comparison to the HERS Reference Home.
Each 1-point decrease in the HERS Index corresponds to a 1% reduction in energy consumption compared to the HERS Reference Home. Thus a home with a HERS Index of 85 is 15% more energy efficient than the HERS Reference Home and a home with a HERS Index of 80 is 20% more energy efficient.
For more information, visit the RESNET Web site .
Comparing the New HERS Index with the Old HERS Score
For homes rated before July 1, 2006, the rating score is known as a “HERS Score.” The HERS Score is a system in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 1993 Model Energy Code) has a HERS Score of 80. Unlike the HERS Index, each 1-point increase in a HERS Score is equivalent to a 5% increase in energy efficiency. Please see the table below for a comparison of the HERS Score and the HERS Index.
How do we measure the success?
In Germany, we look at gas-mileage for homes. Instead of MPGs, we measure in kWh/m2 a or Btu/sf year
In U.S. we currently use a comparative model: HERS
Problem: nobody really knows what the basis is and buildings are compared on a point basis. Nowhere does it directly relate back to energy.
Limited use, but realtor associations are looking to use it for a “green” realty label, MN starting 2009. HERS is determined by HERS rater.
HERS (Home Energy Rating System), controversial and not absolute- uses comparison not actual energy modeling or monitoring
Ratings provides a relative energy use index called the HERS Index – a HERS Index of 100 represents the energy use of the “American Standard Building” and an Index of 0 (zero) indicates that the Proposed Building uses no net purchased energy (a Zero Energy Building). Zero Site energy, nor really a zero energy building though.
What is a HERS Rating?
A home energy rating involves an analysis of a home’s construction plans and onsite inspections. Based on the home’s plans, the Home Energy Rater uses an energy efficiency software package to perform an energy analysis of the home’s design. This analysis yields a projected, pre-construction HERS Index. Upon completion of the plan review, the rater will work with the builder to identify the energy efficiency improvements needed to ensure the house will meet ENERGY STAR performance guidelines. The rater then conducts onsite inspections, typically including a blower door test (to test the leakiness of the house) and a duct test (to test the leakiness of the ducts). Results of these tests, along with inputs derived from the plan review, are used to generate the HERS Index score for the home.
The HERS Index
The HERS Index is a scoring system established by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code) scores a HERS Index of 100, while a net zero energy home scores a HERS Index of 0. The lower a home’s HERS Index, the more energy efficient it is in comparison to the HERS Reference Home.
Each 1-point decrease in the HERS Index corresponds to a 1% reduction in energy consumption compared to the HERS Reference Home. Thus a home with a HERS Index of 85 is 15% more energy efficient than the HERS Reference Home and a home with a HERS Index of 80 is 20% more energy efficient.
For more information, visit the RESNET Web site .
Comparing the New HERS Index with the Old HERS Score
For homes rated before July 1, 2006, the rating score is known as a “HERS Score.” The HERS Score is a system in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 1993 Model Energy Code) has a HERS Score of 80. Unlike the HERS Index, each 1-point increase in a HERS Score is equivalent to a 5% increase in energy efficiency. Please see the table below for a comparison of the HERS Score and the HERS Index.
The standard is not exclusive to residential construction. Passive House design is NOT an add-on or supplement to architectural design, but an integrated design process with the architectural design.[3] Although it is mostly applied to new buildings, it has also been used for retrofits. Best building energy standard in the world today.
CONCEPT OF CONSERVATION FIRST
originated in the oil crisis
Conservation became a resource!
Wayne Schick’s Team at The Small Homes Council @ the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign develops the Lo-Cal House in 1974-76
Walls: Double stud R-30, Roof: R-40
Were built, still in operation
We’ll get back to Urbana, Illinois later in the presentation
We are now seeing articles like this again in newspapers! People are starting to notice that conservation is a resource to reckon with.
The term \"superinsulation\" was coined by Wayne Schick at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In 1976 he was part of a team that developed a design called the \"Lo-Cal\" house, using computer simulations based on the climate of Madison, Wisconsin.
In 1978 the \"Saskatchewan House\" was built in Regina, Saskatchewan by a group of several Canadian government agencies. It was the first house to publicly demonstrate the value of superinsulation and generated a lot of attention. It originally included some experimental evacuated-tube solar panels, but they were not needed and were later removed.
In 1979 the \"Leger House\" was built by Eugene Leger, in East Pepperell, Massachusetts. It had a more conventional appearance than the \"Saskatchewan House\", and also received extensive publicity.
Publicity from the \"Saskatchewan House\" and the \"Leger House\" influenced other builders, and many superinsulated houses were built over the next few years, but interest declined as energy prices fell. Many US builders now use more insulation than will fit in a traditional 2x4 stud wall (either using 2x6 studs or by adding rigid foam to the outside of the wall), but few would qualify as \"superinsulated\".
There is no set definition of superinsulation, but superinsulated buildings typically include:
▪Very thick insulation (typically R40 walls and R60 roof)
▪Detailed insulation where walls meet roofs, foundations, and other walls
▪Airtight construction, especially around doors and windows
▪a heat recovery ventilator to provide fresh air
▪No large windows facing any particular direction (unlike passive solar, which uses large windows facing the sun and fewer/smaller windows facing other directions).
▪No large amounts of thermal mass
▪No active or passive solar heat (but may have solar water heating and/or hot water heat recycling)
▪No conventional heating system, just a small backup heater
Nisson & Dutt (1985) suggest that a house might be described as \"superinsulated\" if the cost of space heating is lower than the cost of water heating.
First superinsulated house that showed that airtight construction is feasible. It is equipped with a ventilation system with an air-to-air heat exchanger.
Peak heat load at -10 degrees Fahrenheit is 3000 watts (10,640 Btu per hour)
Walls: 12” thick, R-44 Roof: R-60
There is no set definition of superinsulation, but superinsulated buildings typically include:
▪Very thick insulation (typically R40 walls and R60 roof)
▪Detailed insulation where walls meet roofs, foundations, and other walls
▪Airtight construction, especially around doors and windows
▪a heat recovery ventilator to provide fresh air
▪No large windows facing any particular direction (unlike passive solar, which uses large windows facing the sun and fewer/smaller windows facing other directions).
▪No large amounts of thermal mass
▪No active or passive solar heat (but may have solar water heating and/or hot water heat recycling)
▪No conventional heating system, just a small backup heater
Nisson & Dutt (1985) suggest that a house might be described as \"superinsulated\" if the cost of space heating is lower than the cost of water heating.
1973, energy crisis spurred first wave of energy conserving designs
Those dealing with buildings started to look at superinsulation, passive solar design concepts, and active solar systems.
Smart, integrated design.
Why solar? If we harness 0.02% of the sun’s energy that hits the earth, we can eliminate all fossil and nuclear fuels.
Have we not seen this before?
Better known in the U.S.: Passive Solar Design. (Talk about differences in table)
Summary: Passive House Design utilizes Passive Solar Design principles but takes it to a higher level, by adding more strategies to retain energy, utilize internal heat gains, and energy recovery to create an energy balance. It is a certified building standard—not just concept.
Passive solar design
Following passive solar building design techniques, where possible buildings are compact in shape to reduce their surface area, with windows oriented towards the equator (south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere) to maximize passive solar gain. However, the use of solar gain is secondary to minimizing the overall energy requirements.
Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible over-heating in spring or autumn before normal solar shading becomes effective.
Have we not seen this before?
Better known in the U.S.: Passive Solar Design. (Talk about differences in table)
Summary: Passive House Design utilizes Passive Solar Design principles but takes it to a higher level, by adding more strategies to retain energy, utilize internal heat gains, and energy recovery to create an energy balance. It is a certified building standard—not just concept.
Passive solar design
Following passive solar building design techniques, where possible buildings are compact in shape to reduce their surface area, with windows oriented towards the equator (south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere) to maximize passive solar gain. However, the use of solar gain is secondary to minimizing the overall energy requirements.
Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible over-heating in spring or autumn before normal solar shading becomes effective.
Have we not seen this before?
Better known in the U.S.: Passive Solar Design. (Talk about differences in table)
Summary: Passive House Design utilizes Passive Solar Design principles but takes it to a higher level, by adding more strategies to retain energy, utilize internal heat gains, and energy recovery to create an energy balance. It is a certified building standard—not just concept.
Passive solar design
Following passive solar building design techniques, where possible buildings are compact in shape to reduce their surface area, with windows oriented towards the equator (south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere) to maximize passive solar gain. However, the use of solar gain is secondary to minimizing the overall energy requirements.
Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible over-heating in spring or autumn before normal solar shading becomes effective.
Have we not seen this before?
Better known in the U.S.: Passive Solar Design. (Talk about differences in table)
Summary: Passive House Design utilizes Passive Solar Design principles but takes it to a higher level, by adding more strategies to retain energy, utilize internal heat gains, and energy recovery to create an energy balance. It is a certified building standard—not just concept.
Passive solar design
Following passive solar building design techniques, where possible buildings are compact in shape to reduce their surface area, with windows oriented towards the equator (south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere) to maximize passive solar gain. However, the use of solar gain is secondary to minimizing the overall energy requirements.
Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible over-heating in spring or autumn before normal solar shading becomes effective.
Have we not seen this before?
Better known in the U.S.: Passive Solar Design. (Talk about differences in table)
Summary: Passive House Design utilizes Passive Solar Design principles but takes it to a higher level, by adding more strategies to retain energy, utilize internal heat gains, and energy recovery to create an energy balance. It is a certified building standard—not just concept.
Passive solar design
Following passive solar building design techniques, where possible buildings are compact in shape to reduce their surface area, with windows oriented towards the equator (south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere) to maximize passive solar gain. However, the use of solar gain is secondary to minimizing the overall energy requirements.
Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible over-heating in spring or autumn before normal solar shading becomes effective.
Have we not seen this before?
Better known in the U.S.: Passive Solar Design. (Talk about differences in table)
Summary: Passive House Design utilizes Passive Solar Design principles but takes it to a higher level, by adding more strategies to retain energy, utilize internal heat gains, and energy recovery to create an energy balance. It is a certified building standard—not just concept.
Passive solar design
Following passive solar building design techniques, where possible buildings are compact in shape to reduce their surface area, with windows oriented towards the equator (south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere) to maximize passive solar gain. However, the use of solar gain is secondary to minimizing the overall energy requirements.
Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible over-heating in spring or autumn before normal solar shading becomes effective.
Have we not seen this before?
Better known in the U.S.: Passive Solar Design. (Talk about differences in table)
Summary: Passive House Design utilizes Passive Solar Design principles but takes it to a higher level, by adding more strategies to retain energy, utilize internal heat gains, and energy recovery to create an energy balance. It is a certified building standard—not just concept.
Passive solar design
Following passive solar building design techniques, where possible buildings are compact in shape to reduce their surface area, with windows oriented towards the equator (south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere) to maximize passive solar gain. However, the use of solar gain is secondary to minimizing the overall energy requirements.
Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible over-heating in spring or autumn before normal solar shading becomes effective.
Why don’t we have those buildings everywhere today?
Problem: materials and products were not up to the task, yet (small issue)
Mid-1980s, energy became cheaper again (big issue)
No political mandate for energy-conservation measures (big issue)
Some energy codes had been released. Most consumers felt that energy-code would take care of the issue—failed to notice that it did not.
So we stopped making energy efficient houses almost entirely.
We added vinyl siding to a passive solar house from the mid-70s, and we forgot how it worked. Everybody who knew how to operate it, left. The people who own it now don’t know anything about it.
Some buildings have been retrofit by taking the passive solar off and and adding traditional heating systems.
Slowly the issue went away. Only few people continued to work on efficiency.
The rest of the country focused on growth. Average new house grew from 1,660sf (1974) to 2,521SF (2007) +51%
median is even at 2277 in 2007
Bigger house, not better house!
We added vinyl siding to a passive solar house from the mid-70s, and we forgot how it worked. Everybody who knew how to operate it, left. The people who own it now don’t know anything about it.
Some buildings have been retrofit by taking the passive solar off and and adding traditional heating systems.
Slowly the issue went away. Only few people continued to work on efficiency.
The rest of the country focused on growth. Average new house grew from 1,660sf (1974) to 2,521SF (2007) +51%
median is even at 2277 in 2007
Bigger house, not better house!
The Passive House standard originated from a conversation in May 1988 between Professors Bo Adamson of Lund University, Sweden, and Wolfgang Feist of the Institut für Wohnen und Umwelt Institute for Housing and the Environment in Germany
Researchers and architects in Europe picked up on the early work in the U.S. and pursued perfecting it. Some light-handed legislature and public energy consciousness helped with the inception of the Passive House concept in 1990. Prof. Wolgang Feist is the “father” of Passive House. He also built the first Passive House. In 1996 he founded the Passiv Haus Institut in Darmstadt, Germany.
Inspired by early work in the US
Started with research projects
Created Passive House Standard
Inspiration: early work in the U.S.!Their concept was developed through a number of research projects [8], aided by financial assistance from the German state of Hessen. The eventual building of four row houses (terraced houses) was designed for four private clients by architects professor Bott, Ridder and Westermeyer.
After the concept had been validated at Darmstadt, with space heating 90% less than required for a standard new building of the time, the 'Economical Passive Houses Working Group' was created in 1996. This developed the planning package and initiated the production of the novel components that had been used, notably the windows and the high-efficiency ventilation systems. Meanwhile further passive houses were built in Stuttgart (1993), Naumburg, Hesse, Wiesbaden, and Cologne (1997) [9].
The products developed for the Passivhaus were further commercialised during and following the European Union sponsored CEPHEUS project, which proved the concept in 5 European countries over the winter of 2000-2001.
While some techniques and technologies were specifically developed for the standard, others (such as superinsulation) were already in existence, and the concept of passive solar building design dates back to antiquity. There was also experience from other low-energy building standards, notably the German Niedrigenergiehaus (low-energy house) standard, as well as from buildings constructed to the demanding energy codes of Sweden and Denmark.
What does it look like?
The first Passivhaus buildings were built in Darmstadt, Germany, in 1990, and occupied the following year.
Who is in charge of Passive House standard?
In September 1996 the Passivhaus-Institut was founded in Darmstadt to promote and control the standard.
In November 2007, launch of the Passive House Institute US
What are built projects in the U.S.? - Book coming out in November: Mary James and Low Carbon Productions to publish Building Solutions for a changing Climate - Passive Houses in the United States
Biohaus - Bemidji, MN - 2005 - Stephan Tanner (1st cert’d. in the US) - Zone 1
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool
BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so.
Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool
BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so.
Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool
BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so.
Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool
BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so.
Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool
BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so.
Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool
BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so.
Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool
BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so.
Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Passive House with “passive” systems and small post-heater uses a max. of 4,750 British thermal units per square foot and year for heating
Conventional Building with “active” heating system uses 5–30x more heating energy than a Passive House
Economy: Significant conservation and improved performance = cost savings to the owner
90%+ savings on space-conditioning energy, 75%+ savings on source energy (pending household use pattern)> highly reduced utility cost
Federal tax credits, local utility company incentives (as applicable)
Potentially reduced homeowner’s insurance (due to reduced mechanical system and quality construction)
Benefits of energy efficiency mortgage
Cost asymptote occurs when a traditional heating system is eliminated
Energy: Significant conservation and highly efficient operation
Significantly less energy consumption
Can be “fueled” by virtually any power source (future proof), Easier to “fuel” with renewable energy sources, cheaper to outfit with appropriately sized renewable energy sources, Crisis proof
Renewables are smaller, hence more affordable. Zero site, or source energy, carbon neutrality, deep energy retrofit
How do we measure the success?
In Germany, we look at gas-mileage for homes. Instead of MPGs, we measure in kWh/m2 a or Btu/sf year
≤ 15 kWh/(m2 a)
U.S. housing stock ~175 kWh/(m2 a) or 58,580 BTU/(sf yr) up to 90% + improvement
determined in PHPP
Achieved with the help of: Superinsulated Building Envelope, very good windows and doors, air-tight and thermal bridge-free construction, passive solar heat gains, internal heat gains, and an very efficient backup heating system
≤ 120 kWh/(m2 a)
up to 75% + improvement
determined in PHPP
Achieved through conservation in both passive and active systems
Environment: Significant conservation and improved performance = significantly reduced environmental impact
Up to 75% savings on source energy = smaller CO
2
footprint: Carbon-neutrality truly in reach. Don’t need a football field of PV panels
Likely in use longer and maintained longer than average building, Less likely to need retrofit, reduction in energy used for construction and materials
Health: Improved indoor environmental quality = improved health
Guaranteed mechanical air-exchange 24/7—365 days a year, Tempered air (heat recovery ventilation), Controlled humidity, Slow and steady air movement (quiet and without drafts)
Indoor surfaces are near room temperatur, virtually no radiant heat-loss potential
Improved daylighting and solar exposure
Studies show less potential for asthma, allergies, sickness
Significantly reduced exposure to CO, pollutants, VOCs. Virtually no potential for mold, no radiant heat loss, healthy humidity levels, little to no noise pollution
Comfort: Superinsulated building envelope = high level of comfort
Indoor surfaces are near room-temperatur, virtually no radiant heat-loss potential
Improved indoor environmental quality
Extremely quiet inside due to superinsulation and high-performance windows
very high (virtually no radiant heat loss, healthy humidity, fresh air, etc.)
Durability: High quality planning and construction = extremely durable building
Energy modeling, quality-controlled construction, field testing > predictable results
Advanced window technology, longevity
Reduced mechanical system, less moving parts = less maintenance
Owner training, “understand your building”, Owner’s manual, “pass on the knowledge”
Certified building standard
Conscience: Most efficient building energy standard available today = clear conscience
Value: Best building energy standard available = incredible value
Quality building, durability
High performance building envelope
Fully documented and certified
Best starting point for an uncertain energy future
sells up to 25% quicker, yields up to 10% more
Minimize losses, maximize gains. Energy Balance!
A building is already warm inside going from summer into fall and winter. Passive House minimizes heat loss through insulation, windows & doors, and heat-recovery ventilation therefore retaining space-conditioning energy very effectively. Passive House utilizes passive solar heat gains through windows. Passive House utilizes internal heat gains from people and appliances. Additional heat comes from a tiny backup system for peak heat-load
PH is an integrated system - all components work in concert. It is not a “bolt-on solution” but it can incorporate bolt-on measures. WHOLE IS GREATER THAN SUM OF PARTS.
Traditionally, add as much energy as it takes to heat or cool. (BTW, that is a very common approach in most industries today - if we need to change a state of an object or environmental parameters, we usually do that by utilizing more energy to do so). Example: Air Conditioning: On hottest day with most solar energy, we use a lot of electricity (from mostly coal) to cool houses (instead of shading properly, and harnessing the sun’s energy)
Notice: Thicker wall and roof assembly, continuous insulation package. R-21 to R120+ (pending location)
Sample wall section from Germany
Notice: Insulation layer, triple-pane glazing thermally broken windows, all connections designed thermal-bridge free, 2 to 4-pane windows*, high solar heat gain, solid or thermally broken frames*
Notice: Continuous insulation and air-tightness layers
field tested with a sequence of three test, pressurized and depressurized
impecable, continuous solid air-tight layer (i.e. OSB), thorough detailing, precise execution
max. 0.6 ACH. Air-admittance valve.
Heart of the mechanical system, provides most of the energy (up to 10W/m2), 90%+ efficient, balanced and duct-blasted, short duct runs, insulated ducts
Other mechanical systems: insulated pipes, central location, air admittance valves, energy and water saving appliances, potentially renewable sources
Proper orientation, solar exposure, proper summer and swing season shading, high solar heat gain glazing on south side.
Near southern orientation, built-in shading
people, appliances, equipment
How do we guarantee the result?
- Contractor training
- Extremely detailed design drawings
How do we guarantee the result?
- Contractor training
- Extremely detailed design drawings
How do we guarantee the result?
- Contractor training
- Extremely detailed design drawings
How do we guarantee the result?
- Contractor training
- Extremely detailed design drawings
How do we guarantee the result?
- Contractor training
- Extremely detailed design drawings
Let’s talk more about details of Passive House Design.
A house build to current energy code in Minnesota could potentially qualify as a Passive House in California.
Let’s talk more about details of Passive House Design.
A house build to current energy code in Minnesota could potentially qualify as a Passive House in California.
Let’s talk more about details of Passive House Design.
A house build to current energy code in Minnesota could potentially qualify as a Passive House in California.
Deep Energy Reduction Retrofits are comprehensive sustainable building improvements that offer significantly reduced environmental impact and energy vulnerability while enhancing comfort, indoor environmental quality, and durability.
Deep Energy Reduction Retrofits turn existing buildings from liabilities into assets for owners, occupants, and society as a whole.
Myth. Zero energy for operation: Yes. Not overall though. Embodied energy offset is difficult
How do we measure the success?
In Germany, we look at gas-mileage for homes. Instead of MPGs, we measure in kWh/m2 a or Btu/sf year
In U.S. we currently use a comparative model: HERS
Problem: nobody really knows what the basis is and buildings are compared on a point basis. Nowhere does it directly relate back to energy.
Limited use, but realtor associations are looking to use it for a “green” realty label, MN starting 2009. HERS is determined by HERS rater.
HERS (Home Energy Rating System), controversial and not absolute- uses comparison not actual energy modeling or monitoring
Ratings provides a relative energy use index called the HERS Index – a HERS Index of 100 represents the energy use of the “American Standard Building” and an Index of 0 (zero) indicates that the Proposed Building uses no net purchased energy (a Zero Energy Building). Zero Site energy, nor really a zero energy building though.
What is a HERS Rating?
A home energy rating involves an analysis of a home’s construction plans and onsite inspections. Based on the home’s plans, the Home Energy Rater uses an energy efficiency software package to perform an energy analysis of the home’s design. This analysis yields a projected, pre-construction HERS Index. Upon completion of the plan review, the rater will work with the builder to identify the energy efficiency improvements needed to ensure the house will meet ENERGY STAR performance guidelines. The rater then conducts onsite inspections, typically including a blower door test (to test the leakiness of the house) and a duct test (to test the leakiness of the ducts). Results of these tests, along with inputs derived from the plan review, are used to generate the HERS Index score for the home.
The HERS Index
The HERS Index is a scoring system established by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code) scores a HERS Index of 100, while a net zero energy home scores a HERS Index of 0. The lower a home’s HERS Index, the more energy efficient it is in comparison to the HERS Reference Home.
Each 1-point decrease in the HERS Index corresponds to a 1% reduction in energy consumption compared to the HERS Reference Home. Thus a home with a HERS Index of 85 is 15% more energy efficient than the HERS Reference Home and a home with a HERS Index of 80 is 20% more energy efficient.
For more information, visit the RESNET Web site .
Comparing the New HERS Index with the Old HERS Score
For homes rated before July 1, 2006, the rating score is known as a “HERS Score.” The HERS Score is a system in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 1993 Model Energy Code) has a HERS Score of 80. Unlike the HERS Index, each 1-point increase in a HERS Score is equivalent to a 5% increase in energy efficiency. Please see the table below for a comparison of the HERS Score and the HERS Index.
How do we measure the success?
In Germany, we look at gas-mileage for homes. Instead of MPGs, we measure in kWh/m2 a or Btu/sf year
In U.S. we currently use a comparative model: HERS
Problem: nobody really knows what the basis is and buildings are compared on a point basis. Nowhere does it directly relate back to energy.
Limited use, but realtor associations are looking to use it for a “green” realty label, MN starting 2009. HERS is determined by HERS rater.
HERS (Home Energy Rating System), controversial and not absolute- uses comparison not actual energy modeling or monitoring
Ratings provides a relative energy use index called the HERS Index – a HERS Index of 100 represents the energy use of the “American Standard Building” and an Index of 0 (zero) indicates that the Proposed Building uses no net purchased energy (a Zero Energy Building). Zero Site energy, nor really a zero energy building though.
What is a HERS Rating?
A home energy rating involves an analysis of a home’s construction plans and onsite inspections. Based on the home’s plans, the Home Energy Rater uses an energy efficiency software package to perform an energy analysis of the home’s design. This analysis yields a projected, pre-construction HERS Index. Upon completion of the plan review, the rater will work with the builder to identify the energy efficiency improvements needed to ensure the house will meet ENERGY STAR performance guidelines. The rater then conducts onsite inspections, typically including a blower door test (to test the leakiness of the house) and a duct test (to test the leakiness of the ducts). Results of these tests, along with inputs derived from the plan review, are used to generate the HERS Index score for the home.
The HERS Index
The HERS Index is a scoring system established by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code) scores a HERS Index of 100, while a net zero energy home scores a HERS Index of 0. The lower a home’s HERS Index, the more energy efficient it is in comparison to the HERS Reference Home.
Each 1-point decrease in the HERS Index corresponds to a 1% reduction in energy consumption compared to the HERS Reference Home. Thus a home with a HERS Index of 85 is 15% more energy efficient than the HERS Reference Home and a home with a HERS Index of 80 is 20% more energy efficient.
For more information, visit the RESNET Web site .
Comparing the New HERS Index with the Old HERS Score
For homes rated before July 1, 2006, the rating score is known as a “HERS Score.” The HERS Score is a system in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 1993 Model Energy Code) has a HERS Score of 80. Unlike the HERS Index, each 1-point increase in a HERS Score is equivalent to a 5% increase in energy efficiency. Please see the table below for a comparison of the HERS Score and the HERS Index.
How do we measure the success?
In Germany, we look at gas-mileage for homes. Instead of MPGs, we measure in kWh/m2 a or Btu/sf year
In U.S. we currently use a comparative model: HERS
Problem: nobody really knows what the basis is and buildings are compared on a point basis. Nowhere does it directly relate back to energy.
Limited use, but realtor associations are looking to use it for a “green” realty label, MN starting 2009. HERS is determined by HERS rater.
HERS (Home Energy Rating System), controversial and not absolute- uses comparison not actual energy modeling or monitoring
Ratings provides a relative energy use index called the HERS Index – a HERS Index of 100 represents the energy use of the “American Standard Building” and an Index of 0 (zero) indicates that the Proposed Building uses no net purchased energy (a Zero Energy Building). Zero Site energy, nor really a zero energy building though.
What is a HERS Rating?
A home energy rating involves an analysis of a home’s construction plans and onsite inspections. Based on the home’s plans, the Home Energy Rater uses an energy efficiency software package to perform an energy analysis of the home’s design. This analysis yields a projected, pre-construction HERS Index. Upon completion of the plan review, the rater will work with the builder to identify the energy efficiency improvements needed to ensure the house will meet ENERGY STAR performance guidelines. The rater then conducts onsite inspections, typically including a blower door test (to test the leakiness of the house) and a duct test (to test the leakiness of the ducts). Results of these tests, along with inputs derived from the plan review, are used to generate the HERS Index score for the home.
The HERS Index
The HERS Index is a scoring system established by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code) scores a HERS Index of 100, while a net zero energy home scores a HERS Index of 0. The lower a home’s HERS Index, the more energy efficient it is in comparison to the HERS Reference Home.
Each 1-point decrease in the HERS Index corresponds to a 1% reduction in energy consumption compared to the HERS Reference Home. Thus a home with a HERS Index of 85 is 15% more energy efficient than the HERS Reference Home and a home with a HERS Index of 80 is 20% more energy efficient.
For more information, visit the RESNET Web site .
Comparing the New HERS Index with the Old HERS Score
For homes rated before July 1, 2006, the rating score is known as a “HERS Score.” The HERS Score is a system in which a home built to the specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 1993 Model Energy Code) has a HERS Score of 80. Unlike the HERS Index, each 1-point increase in a HERS Score is equivalent to a 5% increase in energy efficiency. Please see the table below for a comparison of the HERS Score and the HERS Index.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.
OUTLOOK AND POTENTIAL
Bringing it back to the issue of climate change, energy independence, affordability (utility bill).
There is not a better starting point than Passive House - it requires the least amount of energy, it is the easiest building type to get to any of the aforementioned states.
Goals should be set upfront with homeowner.