Cellular Respiration Hands-on labs, inc. Version 42-0040-00-01 LAB REPORT PHOTOS – Include the digital photos as attachments or place them right into your report. Photo #1 - Take a photo which is a CLOSE UP of the seeds AFTER they have germinated, while still in the petri dish. Photo #2 – Take a photo of your experimental set up with the two tubes in the glass, AT THE END. Get close enough that the results show in both tubes. Set up your tubes side by side on the same side of the glass so this can be done. You may need to put BLACK PAPER or a dark background behind the glass, to reduce glare. Data Table 1: Oxygen Consumption Measured by Change in Water Level Starting Level of Water Water level: 30 min Water level: 1 hour Water level: 1 hour, 30 min Experiment Control Questions A. Why use germinating seeds to detect cellular respiration? B. Explain how the movement − or lack of movement − of the water in the respirometer is a reflection of cellular respiration. Experiment Cellular respiration 202 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc. www.LabPaq.com C. What is the role of the NaOH-saturated ball of cotton in the respirometer? What would have occurred if it were not in place? D. In photosynthesis what is the reactant gas and what is the product gas?  In respiration what is the reactant gas and what is the product gas?  What is the elegant relationship between these gases and these two different processes?  Ex p e ri m e n t C e l l u l a r r e s p i r a ti o n 20 2 © H a nds - On L a bs, I n c . ww w . L a b P a q . c o m Cellular R espi r a tion Hands - on l a b s, inc. V e r sion 42 - 0040 - 00 - 01 LAB REPORT PHOTOS – Include the digital photos as attachments or place them right into your report. Photo #1 - Take a photo which is a CLOSE UP of the seeds AFTER they have germinated, while still in the petri dish. Photo #2 – Take a photo of your experimental set up with the two tubes in the glass, AT THE END. Get close enough that the results show in both tubes. Set up your tubes side by side on the same side of the glass so this can be done. You may need to put BLACK PA PER or a dark background behind the glass, to reduce glare. D a t a T able 1: O x y g en Consum p tion Measu r ed b y Chan g e in W a t er L e v el S t arting L e v el of W a t er W a t er l e v el: 30 min W a t er l e v el: 1 hour W a t er l e v el: 1 hou r , 30 min Experime n t Co n t r ol Questions A . W h y use g ermin a ting seeds t o d e t ect cellular r espi r a tion? B. Explain h o w the m o v eme n t - or lack of m o v eme n t - of the w a t er in the r espi r om e t er is a r e flection of cellular r espi r a tion. Experiment Cellular respiration 20 2 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc. www.LabPaq.com Cellular Respiration Hands-on labs, inc. Version 42-0040-00-01 LAB REPORT PHOTOS – Incl ...

1. Cellular Respiration
Hands-on labs, inc. Version 42-0040-00-01
LAB REPORT
PHOTOS – Include the digital photos as attachments or place
them right into your report.
Photo #1 - Take a photo which is a CLOSE UP of the seeds
AFTER they have germinated, while still in the petri dish.
Photo #2 – Take a photo of your experimental set up with the
two tubes in the glass, AT THE END. Get close enough that the
results show in both tubes. Set up your tubes side by side on
the same side of the glass so this can be done. You may need to
put BLACK PAPER or a dark background behind the glass, to
reduce glare.
Data Table 1: Oxygen Consumption Measured by Change in
Water Level
Starting Level of
Water
Water level:
30 min
Water level:
1 hour
Water level:
1 hour, 30 min

2. Experiment
Control
Questions
A. Why use germinating seeds to detect cellular respiration?
B. Explain how the movement − or lack of movement − of the
water in the respirometer is a reflection of cellular respiration.
Experiment
Cellular respiration

3. 202
©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
www.LabPaq.com
C. What is the role of the NaOH-saturated ball of cotton in the
respirometer? What would have
occurred if it were not in place?
D. In photosynthesis what is the reactant gas and what is the
product gas?
In respiration what is the reactant gas and what is the product
gas?
What is the elegant relationship between these gases and these
two different processes?
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V
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42
-
0040
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01
LAB REPORT
PHOTOS
–
Include
the
digital photos
as attachments or place them right into your report.
Photo #1
-

7. Take a photo which is a CLOSE UP of the seeds AFTER they
have germinated, while still
in the petri dish.
Photo #2
–
Take a photo of your experimental set up with the two tubes in
the glass, AT THE END.
Get close enough that the results show in both tubes. Set up
your tubes side by side on the same
side of the glass so this can be done. You may need to put
BLACK PA
PER or a dark background
behind the glass, to reduce glare.
D
a
t
a
T
able 1:
O
x
y
g
en Consum
p
tion

8. Measu
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ed
b
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W
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W
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30
min
W
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W
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Experime
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11. A
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y use
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t
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B.
Explain

12. h
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the
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13. t
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in
the
r
espi
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t
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is
a
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e
flection
of cellular
r
espi
r
a
tion.
Experiment
Cellular respiration
20
2
©Hands-On Labs, Inc.

14. www.LabPaq.com
Cellular Respiration
Hands-on labs, inc. Version 42-0040-00-01
LAB REPORT
PHOTOS – Include the digital photos as attachments or place
them right into your report.
Photo #1 - Take a photo which is a CLOSE UP of the seeds
AFTER they have germinated, while still
in the petri dish.
Photo #2 – Take a photo of your experimental set up with the
two tubes in the glass, AT THE END.
Get close enough that the results show in both tubes. Set up
your tubes side by side on the same
side of the glass so this can be done. You may need to put
BLACK PAPER or a dark background
behind the glass, to reduce glare.
Data Table 1: Oxygen Consumption Measured by Change in
Water Level
Starting Level of
Water
Water level:

15. 30 min
Water level:
1 hour
Water level:
1 hour, 30 min
Experiment
Control
Questions
A. Why use germinating seeds to detect cellular respiration?
B. Explain how the movement - or lack of movement - of the
water in the respirometer is a
reflection of cellular respiration.

16. Cellular Respiration
Hands-on labs, inc.
Version 42-0040-00-01
Review the safety materials and wear goggles when
working with chemicals. Read the entire exercise
before you begin. Take time to organize the materials
you will need and set aside a safe work space in
which to complete the exercise.
Experiment Summary:
Students will measure the rate of cellular respiration
using millet seeds growing in a respirometer.
Students will design an experiment to study how
different conditions can affect cellular respiration
and will compare the rates with a control.
© Hands-On Labs, Inc. www.LabPaq.com 193
ExpErimEnt
ObjEctivEs
● To measure the rate of cellular respiration
● To observe how different conditions affect cellular
respiration
TimeAllocation: Exercise 1 requires 2–3 days of advance
preparation for germination of seeds.
Actual experiment: 3 hours

17. www.LabPaq.com 194 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
Experiment Cellular respiration
matErials
MATERiAlS
FRoM:
lABEl oR
BoX/BAg: QTy iTEM DESCRiPTioN:
Student Provides 3 Cotton balls
1 Water, distilled
1 Light source, such as a 100-W bulb
1 Towels, paper
1 Stopwatch or Timer
1 Tape, clear
LabPaq Provides 2 Cup, 9 oz plastic
1
Dissection-kit with 7-tools - including the
following: Bent Probe, Dropping Pipet, Probe,
Ruler in pocket, Scalpel with 2 Blades - Note
blades are in the pocket, Scissors, Tweezers
2 Pipets, Empty Long Stem
2 Seed, Millet – 200+ in 2”x3” bag
1 Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH 0.5M, 1mL in Pipet
1
1

18. 2
Marking pencil
Petri dish, 90 mm
Test Tubes
Note: The packaging and/or materials in this LabPaq may differ
slightly from that which is listed
above. For an exact listing of materials, refer to the Contents
List form included in the LabPaq.
www.LabPaq.com 195 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
Experiment Cellular respiration
DiscussiOn anD rEviEw
Energy is an important component of life. All cells exchange
energy with their environment and use
this energy for internal processes, growth, and repair.
Organisms consume energy obtained from
an outside source, either from the Sun or from other organisms,
to undergo cellular respiration.
Certain organisms, such as plants and specific bacteria, can trap
the energy from the sun and
store this energy through a process called photosynthesis.
However, many organisms must obtain
their energy from eating other organisms.
Cellular respiration is the process of transferring energy that
is stored chemical bonds (such as
the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) to a

19. usable form of energy in the cell:
a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cell can
use the energy that is released
when the last phosphate bond of ATP breaks and convert it into
other forms of energy, such
as mechanical energy for movement. However, in the process of
this conversion, the organism
consumes oxygen and produces the waste product carbon
dioxide (CO2). See Equation 1 for a
basic representation of respiration in an organism using glucose
as energy:
Cellular respiration can occur either in the presence of oxygen,
as in aerobic respiration, or in
the absence of oxygen, which is referred to as anaerobic
respiration. Anaerobic respiration is far
less efficient: much less ATP is produced per amount of energy
consumed. In addition, anaerobic
respiration cannot last as long as aerobic respiration and
produces unwanted byproducts. For
these reasons, aerobic respiration is the preferred use of energy
for cells.
www.LabPaq.com 196 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
Experiment Cellular respiration
Exercise 1: Cellular Respiration in Plants
iMPoRTANT: Germinate the seeds 3 days ahead of time; see
Steps 1–4.
In this exercise, you will observe germinating seeds in order to
measure aerobic cellular
respiration. The rate of respiration is determined by measuring

20. the production of carbon dioxide.
Plants undergo both cellular respiration and photosynthesis. It
is difficult to measure the amount
of CO2 given off during respiration if it is also being consumed
in the photosynthetic process.
To eliminate this variable, you will conduct your control
experiment before the seeds undergo
photosynthesis, which is when the leaves germinate from a
plant.
To offset the production of CO2, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will
be added to the test tubes. The
sodium hydroxide should interact with the gaseous form of CO2
to form solid sodium bicarbonate
(NaHCO3) − common baking soda. The simplified equation for
this process is:
CO2 + NaOH à NaHCO3
Because the CO2 is taken out of the air to form the precipitate,
the change in air levels within the
test tubes will give an indirect measure of the uptake of oxygen
in cellular respiration.
prOcEDurE
1. Before beginning, set up a data table similar to the Data
Table 1 in the Lab Report Assistant
section.
2. Moisten a paper towel, but do not oversaturate it with water.
Fold the paper towel and place
into the bottom of the petri dish so it fits completely in the dish.
3. Spread half of the millet seeds (200 seeds) on top of the
moistened paper towel. Place the top

21. half of the petri dish over the seeds and place the seeds in a
dark, warm location.
4. Save the remaining half of the seeds for use later in the
exercise.
5. Do not move the seeds for two or three days. Check on the
seeds daily to ensure that they
stay moist. After two or three days, the seeds should show signs
of germination.
6. Once approximately 100 seeds have germinated, move on to
the next step. Note: you will use
approximately 100 seeds that have germinated below, and you
may want to save the other
100 seeds that have or have not germinated yet in the petri dish
in case you want to repeat
the experiment.
7. Place a test tube next to the ruler from the dissection kit as
shown in Figure 1, with the open
end of the test tube at the 0-cm mark. Using the marking pencil,
mark the test tube in 5-mm
(0.5-cm) intervals, until 6.0 cm have been marked off. Mark
both test tubes. See Figure 1 for
guidance.
8. Label one test tube with a “C” for the control, and label the
other with a “G” for germinating
seeds.
www.LabPaq.com 197 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
Experiment Cellular respiration

22. Figure 1:
9. Use the tweezers from the dissection kit to pull cotton balls
apart into six smaller cotton balls
of approximately 1 cm thick. See Figure 2 for guidance.
Figure 2:
10. Gently drop 100 germinated seeds into the test tube marked
“G,” and from the 2nd bag of 200
dry seeds, place 100 dry non-germinated seeds into the test tube
marked “C.”
11. After the seeds are in place, add a small ball of dry cotton 1
cm thick to each test tube. Use a
long-stem pipet to push the cotton into place in the test tube so
that the seeds and cotton are
at the closed end of the test tube. See Figure 3.
www.LabPaq.com 198 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
Experiment Cellular respiration
Figure 3:
12. Cut off the tip of the 0.5 M NaOH pipet. WARNiNg: This is
a strong base, and safety precautions
should be taken to ensure that it does not come into contact with
any mucous membranes
or skin.
13. Place 15 drops of 0.5 M NaOH into a clean plastic cup. Add
15 drops of distilled water to this

23. solution. This addition will create a 0.25 M solution. Stir the
solution with a long-stem pipet.
Be careful not to spill any of the solution on any surfaces or on
your skin, as it is very caustic.
14. Place the two cotton balls you prepared in Step 9 into a
second clean plastic cup. Use the long-
stem pipet from Step 13 to draw up some of the 0.25 M NaOH
solution, and put four drops
on top of each cotton ball.
15. Use the tweezers from the dissection kit to turn the cotton
balls over, and put four more drops
of the solution on the other side of the cotton balls.
16. Use the tweezers to gently squeeze the cotton balls before
placing one in each test tube. Push
the cotton balls toward the end of the test tube using the long-
stem pipet (ensure that the
pipet is empty).
17. Wash and rinse the cup that was used for dropping the 0.25
M solution on the cotton balls
with soap and water. Fill the cup about half-full with distilled
water.
18. Place the test tubes upside-down in the water and tape the
test tubes to the sides of the
plastic cup, so the bottoms of the test tubes do not touch the
bottom of the cup. See Figure 4.
www.LabPaq.com 199 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
Experiment Cellular respiration

24. Figure 4:
19. Position the plastic cup with the test tubes next to a light
source. The light source is used to
keep the seeds warm so they will respire more quickly. See
Figure 5.
Figure 5:
20. Begin timing the experiment, and note the beginning water
level for each of the test tubes.
Record this “Starting Level of Water” in Data Table 1.
21. After 30 minutes, note the water level of the test tubes.
Write this water level in Data Table 1
under “Water Level: 30 min.”
www.LabPaq.com 200 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.
Experiment Cellular respiration
22. After 1 hour and 1.5 hours, note the levels of the water in
the test tubes again. Write the data
in Data Table 1, under “Water Level: 1 hour,” and “Water
Level: 1 hour, 30 min,” respectively.
23. Thoroughly clean all equipment with soap and water, and
dispose of seeds and cotton balls in
the trash after use. Use the tweezers from the dissection kit to
remove cotton balls, and shake
seeds out of test tubes to dispose of them.
www.LabPaq.com 201 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc.

25. Experiment Cellular respiration
RESPIRATION Lab
Below is a listing which will help you to prepare for the quiz
and lab on this
material.
CONTENT TO KNOW:
I. Overview of Respiration -
Respiration consists of a series of catabolic reactions which
break down molecules to
release energy; creates ATP for use by the cell
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Mitochondria – the organelle in which cellular respiration
occurs
II. ATP – adenosine triphosphate – energy “currency” of the
cell; readily spendable
• 36 ATP – produced each time one glucose is completely
“burned” using aerobic
respiration

26. • ADP + Pi ------> ATP (phosphorylation) - now carries energy
• ATP ------> ADP + Pi (releases energy)
Click Here for an IMAGE of ATP
III. Summary - The 3 Stages of Respiration –
Click Here for an IMAGE of the 3 Stages of Respiration
GLYCOLYSIS – Sugar “lysis” (breaks glucose into two pieces)
• End products of glycolysis = 2 pyruvate molecules
• Occurs out in the cytoplasm
THE KREBS CYCLE –
• all carbons originally in glucose are released as carbon
dioxide here
• occurs in the mitochondria
http://www.palmbeachstate.edu/faculty/allenc/mcb/atp.gif
http://www.palmbeachstate.edu/faculty/allenc/mcb/krebs.gif
ETC (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN) – electrons are passed
down a series of

27. proteins embedded in the mitochondrial membrane; they accept
and then release
electrons while harvesting energy from them
Reduction - is the gain of electrons
Oxidation - is the loss of electrons
These reactions are always coupled: hence the term REDOX
• changes NADH into ATP
• ETC occurs in the mitochondria
IV. Anaerobic Pathways –
Anaerobic - without oxygen
• Lactate (lactic acid) Fermentation (muscle cells can utilize
this path)
• Alcohol Fermentation – has a decarboxylation step; produces 2
ATP