Case 311-cv-02229-L-WVG Document 10 Filed 111611 Page.docx

Case 3:11-cv-02229-L-WVG Document 10 Filed 11/16/11
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1
PresentationsPresentations
The steps required to prepare an effective presentation parallel
the
steps you follow to write a document. As with writing a
document, determine your

purpose and analyze your audience. Then gather the facts that
will support your
point of view or proposal and logically organize that
information. Presentations do,
however, differ from written documents in a number of
important ways. They are
intended for listeners, not readers. Because you are speaking,
your manner of
delivery, the way you organize your material, and your
supporting visuals, require as
much attention as your content.
For the Presentation assignment, your purpose is to share
information
about your analytical paper. You are addressing an audience
assumed to be
unfamiliar with your subject. Also, due to the limitations of the
online platform, your
presentation of course will be written. However, you are to
adapt a tone of writing
similar to a spoken tone.
2
Determining Your PurposeDetermining Your Purpose

What do I want the
audience to know, to
believe, or to do when I
finished the presentation?
Every presentation is given for a purpose, even if it is only to
share
information. To determine the primary purpose of your
presentation, use the
following question as a guide: “What do I want the audience to
know, to believe, or
to do when I have finished the presentation?” Based on the
answer to that question,
write a purpose statement that answer the what? and why?
questions.
3
Analyzing Your AudienceAnalyzing Your Audience
• What is your audience’s level of experience or
knowledge about your topic?
• What is the general educational level and age of
your audience?

• What is your audience’s attitude toward the topic
you are speaking about, and—based on that
attitude—what concerns, fears, or objections
might your audience have?
• Do any subgroups in the audience have different
concerns or needs?
• What questions might your audience ask about
this topic?
Once you have determined the desired end result of the
presentation,
you need to analyze your audience so that you can tailor your
presentation to their
needs. Ask yourself the above questions about your audience.
4
Structuring The PresentationStructuring The Presentation
• Focus on audience.
• Introduction: a brief overview.
• Body: focuses on points, develops
ideas.
• End with a summary of points.
• Call to action (when appropriate).

When structuring the presentation, focus on your audience.
Listeners
are freshest at the outset and refocus their attention near the
end. Take advantage
of that pattern. Give your audience a brief overview of your
presentation at the
beginning, use the body to develop your ideas, and end with a
summary of what
you covered and, if appropriate, a call to action.
5
The IntroductionThe Introduction
This presentation analyzes three textbooks for us to
consider using in the classroom. Based on a comparison of all
three, I will recommend the one I believe best meets the
needs of our curriculum. To do so, I will discuss the following
five points:
1. Why we need a new textbook [the problem]
2. The basics of the curriculum [general information]
3. The criteria I used to compare the three textbooks
[comparison]

4. The textbooks I compared and why [possible solutions]
5. The textbook I propose we use [proposal solution].
Include in the introduction an opening that focuses your
audience’s
attention. This opening should accomplish one of the following:
define a problem;
get your audience’s attention (such as a strong statistic); pose a
rhetorical question;
recount a personal experience; employ an appropriate quotation.
Following your opening, use the introduction to set the stage for
your
audience by providing an overview of the presentation, which
can include general or
background information that will be needed to understand any
more detailed
information in the body of your presentation. It can also show
how you have
organized the material.
The above slide provides an example of an introduction.
6

The BodyThe Body
1.Prove your point.
1.Marshal the facts and data that you
need.
2.Present the information using easy-to-
understand visuals.
2.Offer solutions.
3.Anticipate questions and objections, and
incorporate the answers into your
presentation.
If applicable, present the evidence that will persuade the
audience to
agree with your conclusions and act on them. If there is a
problem, demonstrate
that it exists and offer a solution or range of possible solutions.
For example, our
introduction stated that the problem was an outdated textbook.
We could use the
above approach.
7
The ClosingThe Closing

• Fulfill the presentation goals.
–Prompt action.
–Summarize your thinking points.
–Be strong and persuasive.
–Bring the presentation full circle.
Fulfill the goals of your presentation in the closing. If your
purpose is
to motivate the listeners to take action, ask them to do what you
want them to do; if
your purpose is to get your audience to think about something,
summarize what you
want them to think about. Many presenters make the mistake of
not actually
closing—they simply quit talking. Because your closing is what
your audience is
most likely to remember, use that time to be strong and
persuasive.
The closing brings the presentation full circle and asks the
audience to
fulfill the purpose of the presentation, just like a conclusion to
any document should
do.

8
TransitionsTransitions
Presentation Transition – a sentence or two that
informs the audience of a new topic.
Place a transition:
• Between the introduction and the body.
• Between main points within the body.
• Between the body and the closing.
Planned transitions should appear between the introduction and
the
body, between points within the body, and between the body
and the closing.
Transitions are simply a sentence or two to let the audience
know that you are
moving from one topic to the next. They also prevent a choppy
presentation and
provide the audience with assurance that you know where you
are going and how to
get there.
When delivering a presentation, it is also a good idea to pause

for a
moment after you have delivered a transition between topics to
let your listeners
shift gears with you. Remember, they do not know your plan.
9
Using VisualsUsing Visuals
• Flip charts. Ideal for small groups, or when brainstorming
with your audience.
• Whiteboard or Chalkboard. Convenient for creating
sketches and jotting notes.
• Overhead Transparencies. You can create a series of
overlays to explain a complex device or system, adding (or
removing) the overlays one at a time.
• Presentation Software. Such as PowerPoint or Corel
Presentations. You can import graphs and charts from
spreadsheet software, or images from the Web. Most
software packages also include templates and
enhancements.
Well-planned visuals not only add interest and emphasis to your
presentation, they also clarify and simplify your message
because they
communicate clearly, quickly, and vividly. Charts, graphs, and
illustrations greatly

increase audience understanding and retention of information,
especially for
complex issues and technical information that could otherwise
be misunderstood or
overlooked.
You can create and present the visual components of your
presentation by using a variety of media: flip charts; whiteboard
or chalkboard;
overhead transparencies; slides; or computer presentation
software.
10
Visual ChecklistVisual Checklist
• Use text sparingly in visuals. Use lists, keeping them in
parallel structure and with balanced content. Use numbers
if the sequence is important, and bullets if it is not.
• Limit the number of listed items to 5 or 6 per visual.
• Make your visuals consistent in type style, size, and
spacing.
• Consider the size of the audience when setting type size.
• Use graphs and charts to show data trends.

• Make a sharp contrast between your text and the
background.
• Use no more than 12 visuals per presentation.
• Do not read the text of your visuals word for word.
11
Delivering a PresentationDelivering a Presentation
• Practice your presentation with visuals. Practice in front of
listeners, if possible.
• Familiarize yourself with the location of the presentation.
• Prepare a set of notes that will trigger your memory during
the presentation.
• Make as much eye contact as possible with your audience.
• Animate your delivery by integrating movement, gestures,
and vocal inflection into your presentation.
• Speak loudly and slowly to be heard and understood.
• Do not read the text of your visuals word for word; explain
the key points in detail.

Case 311-cv-02229-L-WVG Document 10 Filed 111611 Page.docx

Case 311-cv-02229-L-WVG Document 10 Filed 111611 Page.docx

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Case 311-cv-02229-L-WVG Document 10 Filed 111611 Page.docx