A small account on various application of nanoparticles in various fields such as medical, engineering purposes, energy harvesting, etc.

1. APPLIATION OF
LAYERED AND
NON-LAYERED
NANO PARTICLES

2. WHAT IS NANOPARTICLES ???
⬢ Nanoparticles (NPs) are wide class of materials that include
particulate substances, which have one dimension less than 100
nm at least.
⬢ “Nano” – derived from Greek word “Nanos” meaning dwarf/small.
WHY SMALL IS GOOD ?
⬢ Nano objects are lighter, can get into small spaces, cheaper, more
energy efficient, different properties at small scale.

3. Types of NP.
⬢ Carbon-based NPs
⬢ Ceramic-based NPs
⬢ Metal NPs
⬢ Semiconductor NPs
⬢ Polymeric NPs

4. LAYERED NANOPARTICLES
1

5. “
Common materials are 3-Dimensional, atoms that make up their
structure are arranged in regular crystalline patterns, filling space.
However there also exist where the atoms are arranged in flat layers,
which are then stacked upon top of each other like sheets of paper to
form Layered Nanoparticles.
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6. NON-LAYERED
NANOPARTICLES
2

7. “
⬢ 2D nanoparticles are considered to be the thinnest
nanomaterials .
⬢ Although the ideal state is a single layer, but often
these nanosheets are composed of few layers (less
than 10).
⬢ These are considered as Non-layered nanoparticles.
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8. EXAMPLES OF NANOMATERIALS
Other forms :-
⬢ Transition metal
dichalcogenides
⬢ Transition metal oxides
⬢ Other 2D compounds
like BN, Bi2Te3 and
Bi2Se3
Naturally occuring, most
common:-
⬢ Graphite
⬢ Graphene
⬢ Clay
⬢ Layered hydroxides

9. APPLIATIONS OF
NANOPARTICLES
3

10. NANOPARTICLES
PETROLEUM
INDUSTRIES
DRUGS
&
MEDICATION
MANUFACTURING
&
MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENTAL
APPLICATIONS
ELECTRONICS
ENERGY
HARVESTING

11. DRUGS AND MEDICATION
⬢ Ability to deliver drugs in the optimum dosage range often
resulting in increased therapeutic efficiency of the drugs,
weakened side effects and improved patient compliance.
⬢ Selection of NPs for achieving efficient contrast for biological
and cell imaging applications as well as for photo thermal
therapeutic applications is based on the optical properties of
NPs.

12. ⬢ Hydrophilic NPs as drug carrier.
⬡ PLA and Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) most promising system for
intravenous administration of drugs.
⬢ NPs with high magnetization value, a size smaller than 100 nm
and a narrow particle size distribution ---- MRI contrast
enhancement, tissue repair, and immunoassay, detoxification of
biological fluids hyperthermia, drugs delivery and cell
separation.
eg:- Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs

13. ⬢ Biodegradable NPs as effective drug delivery devices.
Eg:-Liposomes
⬡ ability to protect drugs from degradation,
⬡ target to the site of action and reduce the noxiousness
and other side effects.
⬡ Developmental work on liposome drugs has been
restricted due to rapid water leakage in the commodity of
blood components and very poor storage, and stability.
⬡ NPs help to increase the ratability of drugs or problems
and possess convenient controlled drug release
properties

14. ⬢ Semiconductor and metallic NPs have immense potential for
cancer diagnosis and therapy on account of their surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced light scattering and
absorption.
⬡ Gold NPs efficiently convert the strong absorbed light into
localized heat which can be exploited for the selective laser
photo thermal therapy of cancer
⬢ The antineoplastic effect of NPs is also effectively employed to
inhibit the tumor growth. The Metallofullernol
([Gd@C82(OH)22]n) NPs showed antineoplastic activity with
good efficiency and lower toxicity.

15. ⬢ Silver NPs are being used increasingly in wound dressings,
catheters and various households’ products due to their
antimicrobial activity.
⬢ Antimicrobial characteristics of inorganic NPs are extremely
vital in textile, medicine, water disinfection and food
packaging.
⬢ Organic NPs are relatively toxic to the biological systems.

16. ⬢ Properties deviate from respective bulk material in a size
dependent manner -- induce unique electrical, mechanical,
optical and imaging properties.
⬢ Extremely looked-for in certain manufacturing og materials
for the applications within the medical, commercial, and
ecological sectors.
⬢ Microelectronics, Aerospace, Pharmaceutical industries,
Food processing and Packing.
MANUFACTURING & MATERIALS

17. ⬢ Resonant energy transfer (RET) system consisting of organic
dye molecules and noble metals NPs have recently gamed
considerable interest in bio photonics.
⬢ The unique plasmon absorbance features of these noble
metals NPs have been exploited for manufacturing of wide
variety of applications including chemical sensors and
biosensors.

18. ⬢ Excellent young modulus, stress and strain properties ---
many applications in mechanical industries especially in
coating, lubricants and adhesive applications.
⬢ Embedding NPs in the metal and polymer matrix to increase
their mechanical strengths.
⬢ NPs offer good sliding and delamination properties, which
could also effect in low friction and wear, and hence
increase lubrication effect.

19. ⬢ Alumina, Titanium and Carbon based NPs successfully
demonstrated to get the desirable mechanical properties in
coatings.
⬢ NPs --- applications in the textile industry, can be added to
or used to treat fabric surfaces --- results in enhanced
ballistic protection properties, and reduced wrinkling and
bacterial growth.

20. ⬢ Nanomaterials are emerging to allow washable, resilient
“smart fabrics” that are incorporated with nanoscale
sensors and electronic components allowing functions such
as health tracking, solar energy capture and energy
harvesting by movement.

21. ⬢ Engineering material applications can increase the
concentration of NPs in groundwater and soil which presents
the most significant exposure avenues for assessing
environmental risks.
⬢ Due to high surface to mass ratio natural NPs play an
important role in the solid/water partitioning of contaminants
can be absorbed to the surface of NPs, co-precipitated during
the formation of natural NPs or trapped by aggregation of NPs
which had contaminants adsorbed to their surface.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

22. ⬢ Most of environmental applications of nanotechnology fall into
three categories:
⬡ Environmentally benign sustainable products (e.g. green
chemistry or pollution prevention).
⬡ Remediation of materials contaminated with hazardous
substances and
⬡ Sensors for environmental stages
⬢ Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs are an effective sorbent
material for removal of heavy metals such as mercury, lead,
thallium, cadmium and arsenic from natural water.

23. ⬢ Gold NPs are mostly used for biosensor application due to
their biocompatibility, their optical and electronic properties,
and their relatively simple production and modification.
⬢ Other important NPs used in biosensor applications are :-
⬡ Quantum Dots ( mostly based on Cadmium
Chalcogenides)
⬡ Magnetic NPs ( mostly Iron Oxide )
⬡ Carbon Nanostructures ( mostly Carbon Nano Tubes )

24. ⬢ Nanotechnology has greatly contributed to major advances
in computing and electronics, leading to faster, smaller,
and more portable systems that can manage and store
larger and larger amounts of information. These
continuously evolving applications include:
⬡ Transistors
⬡ Magnetic RAMs based on nanoscale magnetic tunnel
junction.
ELECTRONICS

25. ⬢ UHD displays and television screens based on Quantum
Dots --- produce more vibrant colors and energy efficient.
⬢ NPs like graphene and cellulosic NPs are being used for
various types of flexible electronics.
⬢ Other applications include ultra-responsive hearing aids;
antimicrobial/antibacterial coatings on keyboards and cell
phone casings; conductive inks for printed electronics for
RFID/smart cards/smart packaging; and flexible displays
for e-book readers.

26. ⬢ Limitations and scarcity of fossil fuels in coming years due
to their nonrenewable nature --- to generate renewable
energies from easily available resources at cheap cost.
⬢ NPs are the best candidate for this purpose due to their,
large surface area, optical behavior and catalytic nature.
Especially in photocatalytic applications, NPs are widely
used to generate energy from photo-electrochemical
(PEC) and electrochemical water splitting
ENERGY HARVESTING

27. ⬢ Beside water splitting, electrochemical CO2 reduction to fuels
precursors, solar cells and piezoelectric generators also
offered advance options to generate energy.
⬡ Nano-generators are created, which can convert the
mechanical energy into electricity using piezoelectric,
which is an unconventional approach to generate energy.
⬢ NPs also use in energy storage applications to reserve the
energy into different forms at nanoscale level

28. ⬢ A:-Piezo-electrics Actuators
⬡ To convert control signal
to mechanical motion.
⬢ B:- Water Splitting
⬢ C:- CO2 Reduction

29. ⬢ Solar Panels:-
⬡ NPs can be used to make solar panels more energy-
efficient, which promises to offer cheaper energy
production.
⬡ Less expensive to produce and install since they can be
manufactured in flexible rolls and use manufacturing
techniques.

30. ⬢ Nanoparticles are finding increasing applications in the oil
and gas industry
⬢ Drilling Fluids:-
⬡ A drilling fluid is a viscous mixture used to aid the drilling
of boreholes. They have various functions such as
removing cuttings, forcing, maintaining bore stability
regulating forming pressure, etc.
PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES

31. ⬡ There is need to improve drilling fluids, such as their
rheology and filtration properties. NPs have found
considerable attention for their potential benefits as
additives in drilling fluids.
⬡ Aluminum, Copper and Magnesium Oxide NPs greatly
enhanced the rheological properties of drilling fluid.
Such nanoparticles offer good potential for bore hole
cleaning.
⬡ Iron oxide NPs were employed to improve the
performance of a xanthan gum drilling fluid

32. ⬢ NPs are generally employed to improve the tertiary oil
recovery techniques such as chemical, gas and thermal
injection. Various nanoparticles have been used to for these
applications including:
⬡ aluminum oxide for reduced oil viscosity.
⬡ silicon dioxide for improved foam stability and mobility.
⬡ graphene oxide for improved oil recovery.

33. Submitted By:-
Lakshmi Narayan R
M. Sc Biopolymer Science
Roll No: 13