Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals that is an important constituent of phosphorite rock. It forms in hexagonal crystals and is usually green, but can also be yellow, brown, blue, purple, pink, or colorless. Apatite's primary use is in the manufacture of fertilizer as a source of phosphorus, but it is also occasionally used as a gemstone. Hydroxyapatite is a naturally occurring form of calcium apatite that is a principle component of human hard tissues like teeth and bones. Implants are often coated with hydroxyapatite to reduce rejection by the body.

1. Apatite
the Phosphate
Minerals
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2. What is Apatite?
• Apatite is identified by the chemical formula Ca5(PO4). It
forms in hexagonal crystals and is a rock phosphate
mineral. Apatite can exist in many different forms, along
with other minerals, as long as the base of apatite
calcium (Ca5) and phosphorous (PO4) exist together.
• Apatite is the name of a group of phosphate minerals
with similar chemical compositions and physical
properties. They are an important constituent of
phosphorite, a rock mined for its phosphorus content
and used to make fertilizers, acids, and chemicals.
• It is usually green in color, but can be yellow, brown,
blue, purple, pink, or colorless. These colors are often
so vivid that apatite has frequently been cut as a
gemstone. Apatite is a brittle material.
• The primary use of apatite is in the manufacture of
fertilizer – it is a source of phosphorus. It is
occasionally used as a gemstone. Green and blue
varieties, in finely divided form, are pigments with
excellent covering power.

6. What is hydroxyapatite ?
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring
mineral form of calcium apatite and is a principle
inorganic component of human hard tissues such
as teeth and bones. Many modern body implants
including dental implants, hip replacements, and
bone conduction implants are being coated by HA.
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) is attracting
interest as a biomaterial for use in prosthetic
applications due to its similarity in size,
crystallography and chemical composition with
human hard tissue. Bone and teeth enamel are
largely composed of a form of this mineral.

8. Apatite usually sells for ₹ 500 to ₹ 20,000 per carat and above. The price of
Apatite is typically determined by the combination of its color, clarity, cut and
carat weight.

9. How do you polish apatite?
Cutting: Apatite is brittle, so roughing in should be done with care. Polishing:
Can be difficult to polish. Use wax or tin/lead lap with alumina or cerium oxide;
or chrome or tin oxide Ultralaps. Vinegar may ease polishing difficulties.

10. Uses of Apatite Crystals

11. Medical Uses
Titanium and stainless steel implants are often covered with
hydroxyapatite coatings to trick the body and reduce the implant
rejection rate. Hydroxyapatite can also be used in instances
where there are bone voids or defects. This process is carried out
through powders, blocks or beads of the material being placed in
the affected areas of bone.
Due to its bioactivity, it encourages the bone to grow and restores
the defect. This process can be an alternative to allogenic and
xenogenic bone grafts. It typically results in healing times shorter
than those observed if hydroxyapatite was not used.
Synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite mimics the size of natural dentinal
hydroxyapatite or enamel apatite. Experimental results demonstrate
the advantages of nano-hydroxyapatite in enamel repair9-10, which
has led to its incorporation in toothpastes and mouth-rinsing solutions
to promote the restoration of demineralized enamel or dentin surfaces
by depositing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the defects
https://www.fluidinova.com/hydroxyapatite-
properties-uses-and-applications

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