The document summarizes key countries in the Middle East region. It describes Afghanistan as a landlocked country located in the far east with mountainous terrain and diverse ethnic groups. Iran is also described as mountainous with coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, allowing it to export goods via shipping routes. Iraq is located west of Iran and has the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flowing through it. Saudi Arabia is the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula with coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea. Turkey borders Iraq, Syria and Iran to the north and west, and is where the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers originate. Israel was created in 1948 by the UN as a homeland for Jewish people
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