The Modernity Of Bollywood

The Modernity of Bollywood
Introduction Film is a form of art that is formally used as a means of entertainment. Yet, through
time making films are now a part of a massive industry. This paper will explore the importance of
entertainment, specifically films that are made in India. The focus of this paper will be to introduce
the arrival of film in India through different time periods and how several historical events have
impacted the Bollywood industry. Moreover, once a general idea of how Bollywood development
through time is explained, we will then establish why the Bollywood industry is unique and different
from any other film industry in the world. This will also include the different factors which have
influenced the Bollywood industry. Lastly, this paper will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Arrival of Film in India The historical representation of film in India be classified in three stages.
These stages would be the introduction film, the Golden Age and the modernization of Bollywood.
Film was first introduced in India during colonialism, in 1912. Through film maing, the citizns of
Inia had an opportunity to finally be free from foreign influence and they were now able to express
their identity and illustrate their culture (Rao, 2007). According to Nasreen Rehman, a historian of
South Asian cinema, the term Bollywood emerged during the late 20th century (Ghosh, 2013).
Although Bollywood is known for producing films in Hindi, the first silent film called Shree
pundalik released is actually regarded as a film in Marathi, and not Hindi. Marathi is the official
language of Maharashtra, which is where the city of Bombay –now known as Mumbai– is located.
This is why the first few silent films released are recognized as Marathi films, rather than Hindi
films in the Bollywood industry. Although Shree pundalik is a film that was technically released in
India, many have argued that this should not be considered India's first film since it is basically a
pictorial representation of a Marathi play and the cameraman was also British. In 1913, Raja
Harishchandra which is recognized as India's first full length feature film was released (Chanakya
Desk, 2010).
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The Indian Film Industry Of India
1. History of Bollywood Bollywood is the Hindi Film Industry of the country and a part of the
Indian Film Industry. Bollywood is one of the largest film producers in India and one of the largest
centers of film production in the world. However, the first films India watched were not made in
Bollywood. The various stages of evolution of bollywood can be categorized as follows: Silent Era
to Talkies (1930–1940): Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian Cinema was a man with vision and
courage. In the silent era, he pioneered the revolution and released his path breaking film, Raja
Harishchandra, based on a mythological character on 21st April, 1913 in Olympia theatre. It was
India's first full–length feature film based on the legend of King Harishchandra, and was released for
the masses on May 3, 1913. India is a nation where more than 1,000 films are made in various
languages every year. A special narration must be given to the growth of cinema for those who wish
to understand what cinema in the country is all about. Further, technological advancements and
excitement for movies eventually gave birth to India's first talking film – Alam Ara made by
Ardeshir Irani. It was screened in Bombay in 1931. Developments in the world of Indian cinema
were rapid in 1930s and 1940s. This era saw the rise of film personalities such as Debaki Bose,
Chetan Anand, S S Vasan and Nitin Bose, among others. Three big filming studios like Prabhat,
Bombay Talkies and New Theaters were born in the

Indian Film Industry Essay
Q–1: How has indian film industry evolved through ages? A : Indian Cinema has completed 100
years of its inception in this very year. In the last 100years, the cinema has evolved genre wise and
also technologically from black and white and silent to coloured and with special sound effect.
When we talk about Indian film industries, the current scenario is very different from past due to
change in technology. Today Indian film industries playing an important role in Indian economy. We
can divided Indian film industries into four major parts according to ages. 1. 1920–1950 (The early
days of Indian cinema) 2. 1950–1960 (A golden age of Indian cinema) 3. 1970–1980 (The angry
young man awakens) 4. 1990–2000 (Bollywood gains global ... Show more content on
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Q–2: How did project (krrish) created taking into consideration Indian diaspora abroad? A :
Following are the factors which are taking into consideration for Krrish to move abroad. * The
movie followed by a simple strategy that is world as one market. * More than the 30 million people
are NRI in 156 different countries and mainly in Europe and America which use to watch movie
because of having Indian origin. * Overseas income is already contributing more to the $2.3 billion
Indian movie industry, with foreign box office revenues jumping from 5.3% of total revenue in 2005
to 9.8% in 2009. * Worldwide success of DDLJ in global market showed a new path &
dimension to Indian Film Industry. Q–3:– How did Mr. Rakesh Roshan used two countries
competitiveness for the project(India and Singapore). A : Following are the factors which are taking
into consideration by Mr. Rakesh Roshan for the project: * Among the ASEAN states Singapore is
India's largest trading, investment, and export partner. * Singapore corporate tax rate is one of the
lowest in Asia–pacific. * Singapore is less expensive when compared to other countries. * Singapore
government is ready to give the full permission and support regarding the shooting of a movie. *
Singapore infrastructure is very good compared to India. * India is rich in natural heritage such as
Himalayas and also for given Indian touch to movie it is shooted

Hindi Film And Masculinity : The Term Bollywood
Emmett Burnton
Macie Guard
His 460
Final
11/11/14
Hindi Film and Masculinity
The term Bollywood is relatively new title that congregates various types of films that stem from all
around India and sadly get put into one single category, often times the films being underestimated
by U.S. pop culture. The films' subject matter and themes have continued to evolve, as does the
country of India, and the change is all seen reflecting from the films social and political themes and
concerns. When the industry began the films plots spanned from all across the map, in order to
compensate for language differences almost key terms were created which would set the staple for
the themes and motives. These phrases or words were about lust and love, revenge or justice for
wrong doings, good and bad as well as killing. With these themes people all across the nation were
united, one way or another people related to the films that were being viewed. It was at this point
and time that Hindi cinema became a voice for those who could not be heard in politics, but actions
would be glorified or exaggerated to appease all status of the caste system. Throughout pivotal
moments in history, new themes would be expressed throughout film.
Different cultures have different concepts of masculinity. If one were to compare American films
tropes and Hindi ones there would be some vast differences. For instance, the American action
heroes tend to treat the damsel as an item, while in Hindi films the character

What Is The Branch Of Ethics
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending
concepts of right and wrong conduct. The branch of philosophy axiology comprises the sub–
branches of Ethics and aesthetics, each concerned with concepts of value. As a branch of
philosophy, ethics investigates the questions "What is the best way for people to live?" and "What
actions are right or wrong in particular circumstances?" In practice, ethics seeks to resolve questions
of human morality, by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice,
justice and crime. As a field of intellectual enquiry, moral philosophy also is related to the fields of
moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory. From a Muslim hero Yusuf Khan (Dilip
Kumar) singing Hindu devotional songs, written by renowned lyricists Shakeel Badayuni, and
composed by music by Naushad Ali, to actors choosing life partners irrespective of their religious ...
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Indian films are third, behind German and Australian movies, in showing females in "sexy attire",
and at 25.2%, India tops the chart in showing attractive females in its movies. Another trend that has
been on the rise is the prevalence of item–numbers in movies. Today, item–numbers have become a
must, with offensive or provocative lyrics and a whole lot of skin show. It's very disturbing that
words such as 'item–girl' or 'item–numbers' have become acceptable and the female–leads are
themselves performing and encouraging these so called 'item–numbers'. What these celebrities do
not realize is that people look up to them and when they themselves perform such items, it
unconsciously reinforces the already prevalent stereotypes and prejudices about

Women Role in Indian Cinema
| Women
Significant Women Roles in Indian CinemaInnovative women roles in Indian films, especially
mainstream cinema, are few and far between. Some creative directors, working within the
mainstream format, however have given us some meaty characters. Several women–significant
films were made in the early days of Indian cinema like "Achchyut Kanya," which touched the
theme of untouchability. Bimal Roy made a few films inspired by the novels of Sarat Chatterjee like
"Biraj Bou", "Devdas" and "Parineeta." "Biraj Bou" was a film based on a selfless Indian woman,
who endured hardship and pain for the sake of her husband. Films like "Ramer Sumoti," based on a
Sarat Chaterjee work, were remarkable and depicted the love and warmth which ... Show more
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The latest talent on the Kolkata filmmaking scene, Rituparno Ghosh, has women–related subjects as
theme in all three of his award–winning films "Unishe April", "Dahan" and "Asookh" and his latest
"Bariwali" (featuring Kiron Kher). The women characters in the films of Gautam Ghose &
Buddhadeb Dasgupta are equally intriguing. In Gautam Ghose's "Antarjali Jatra" a young bride is
forcibly married off to a dying Brahmin, while marital disharmony was the subject of films like
Buddhadeb Dasgupta's "Griha Yuddha" and "Lal Darja" and Aparna Sen's "Yugant". Sanat
Dasgupta's "Janani" featuring Rupa Ganguly was a poignant Bengali film about a woman who was
ostracized and labeled a "witch," but in the end sacrificed her life for her son.
Ordinary women characters, rising to extraordinary levels, were witnessed in films like Sushant
Mishra's "Aasha" (Oriya), Arinbam Shyam Sharma's "Imagi Ningtem" (Manipuri) and Sanjeev
Hazarika's "Meemansxa" (Assamese). "Aasha" dealt with a courageous lady journalist hounded by
corrupt politicians. "Meemansxa," dealt with the agony faced by a woman when she moves to court
after being molested by

Hollywood Censorship In Bollywood
Bollywood is one of the striving industry in India and its film is widely accepted all over the world.
However, even though its been able to appeal a variety of audience rather than just the norm of the
Indian population. Through this paper I would like to explore how censorship has affected what is
presented in the Bollywood media.
In contrast to Bollywood censorship and the hiding of sexuality, Hollywood became liberal in terms
of sexual content after the Commission on Press freedom was passed, in 1947. Hollywood films
went through an immense decline because the directors and actors portrayed films about the World
War II (Hollywood as History, 2006). Since their rights were not secured, they would be sent to
prison for offensive movie scripts. However, in 1952 Hollywood was granted the First Amendment
protections for the freedom of speech in the movies by the Supreme Court and in 1953, to avoid
political issues in the movies, Hollywood made a comeback with a sex comedy, called "The Moon
IS Blue" (Hollywood as History). Hollywood relished the freedom however, words such as 'virgin'
and 'pregnant' were not allowed and considered to be indecent (Hollywood as History, 2006).
Hollywood became privileged on exhibiting sexual content from 1952 and Bollywood went through
an extensive difficulty in settling the movie contents to match the rules of the Central Board of Film
Censors. A large difference between the two has been how censorship rating has quickly declined in

A Brief Note On Hip Rap And Hip Hop And Rap Industry
Hip Hop In Bollywood Living in the 21st century, one is highly exposed to many different cultures.
Due to this high exposure lot of artists gain the ability to diversify their music. Yo Yo Honey Singh,
is a prime example of an artist who used the high exposure to introduce a new and exciting style of
music to the Bollywood industry. Bollywood being the largest movie producing industry in the
world, is known for its native and colorful music. Yo Yo Honey Singh being an Indian rapper and
hip hop artist, influenced the Bollywood industry by breaking free from the customary music
selection and introducing a fresh taste. Yo Yo Honey Singh revolutionized the Indian hip hop and
rap industry with his syncretic blend of native Hindi and western rap lyrics into his music. With the
uprising of his music throughout India, he single handedly changed the viewership of Indian cinema
by increasing a larger target market throughout the whole world. Bollywood first getting its official
name back in the 1970 's, became the largest movie producing industry topping the American
Hollywood movie industry. But in comparison to other movie producing industries in the world,
Bollywood notoriously has established its image for creating a traditional music blend in their
movies and creating stories out of them. "Once playback made songs even more important to
cinema, music directors became a huge component of film. The filming of musical scenes became
song picturization, a complex affair. Music

The Status Of A Woman Essay
Women have served all these centuries as looking glasses possessing the magic and delicious power
of reflecting the figure of man at twice it's natural Size – Virginia Woolf. The topic that I've chosen
for my essay is The Status of A Woman in South Indian or specifically Malayalam Cinema. The first
question the arises in my mind while watching any Malayalam movie is why does the nationally and
internationally acclaimed Malayalam Cinema fail to represent women's experiences, Why are The
Female leads just subjected to basic chores, or as an object of desire? Me being a Woman find it
very disturbing to see woman being labelled in the same umbrella. Indian cinema has always been
under the line of fire for its potrayal of women as objects of desire. Be it Mandakini, Parveen Babi
or the current crop of actresses. From 'Sheila Ki Jawaani ' to 'Munni ki Badnaami ', its usually
women who are utilised as objects of desire and sexual objects. The situation is no different in
Indian culture where birth of a girl child is frowned upon with disdain in some parts of India and
shockingly even among elite and educated Indians, whereas the Birth of a boy is celebrated. Indian
cinema is the biggest culprit as the reach and impact by Commercial films is the most and it is
shameful that such an industry still resorts to item songs and objectification of women without
analyzing the negating impact on society. In this attempt to engage with the broad problematic of a
feminist film criticism

Can Bollywood Go Global Case Study
Can Bollywood Go Global?
Case Analysis: Managerial Communication II
Section A
Submitted By
Ankur Jain
0069/52
Executive Summary
The movie Industry came into being towards the end of the 19th century and it has grown steadily
over the years, incorporating several changes in its outfit and presentation. From the French
beginnings, to the British influence and then the American dominance after the 2nd world war, the
entertainment industry has seen it all.
Bollywood, the Hindi–language industry in Mumbai is considered by many to be the heart of the
Indian film industry. Although the format of Bollywood films has changed over the years, a typical
film is melodramatic; long (three to four hours); filled with song and dance ... Show more content on
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With the end of colonialism, Indian popular cinema emerged as "India's sole model of national
unity" and films were used as a tool for social critique. 1950 – 1960: A Golden Age of Indian
Cinema
1950s saw the increasing popularity of cinema that derived its inspiration from realism. Foreign
influence played a key role in this development. The first International Film Festivals of India were
held in 1952. The film festival helped Indian filmmakers learn more about French and Italian neo–
realist films.
Satyajit Ray, with his debut Bengali film, Pather Panchali (1955), became the pioneer of a genre of
films that would come to be recognized as Indian parallel cinema. The film won the Best Human
Document award at the Cannes Film Festival and brought Indian cinema into the international
limelight. Ray's film also marked the beginning of the resurgence of Bengali cinema, where films
targeted educated and sensitive viewers.
While Indian parallel cinema was making a mark in the festival circuits, traditional Bollywood was
gaining popularity overseas. Raj Kapoor, who both directed and acted in his films, played a key role
in popularizing mainstream Indian cinema abroad. Kapoor's film Awara (1951), dubbed in Turkish,
Farsi, and Arabic, broke box office records in South East Asia and the Middle East. His films were

also very popular in Russia and he reached such heights of popularity that the Russians paid tribute
to him as one of great

Role Of Fatma Begum
Bengal could show the way to lessen gender imbalance in Indian film industry One might not have
heard the name of Fatma Begum. Indeed, she isn't quite the household name. But her achievement
as the very first Indian woman to ever single–handedly direct a movie is engraved in stone, and will
always be. The year was 1926, at a time when world cinema was still experimenting with the
science and technology of motion pictures. Indian cinema had already taken long strides by then, but
produced only acting roles for women. Yet, breaking the mould, Fatma Begum established her own
production company – Fatma Films – and went on to direct Bulbule Paristan! Perhaps without even
realising the effect of her achievement, Fatma laid the foundation stone for a generation of women,
who sought to be employed by the burgeoning film industry in a role other than that of an actress.
The Southern film industry – encompassing three major languages: Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada –
did not see its own female–driven films until the 1960s, when Savitri Ganesan – the spouse of the
iconic Gemini Ganesan – directed Chinnari Papalu. When one reads about it, it seems like a rosy
story. But women had to make unimaginable strides and struggles to even tread on the path that was
paved by Fatma Begum forty years earlier. Savitri Ganesan herself ... Show more content on
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And the other industries have been graciously receptive of the quality of art that is produced by
Bengali makers. It is important that the entire country learns to accept the strides that the women
filmmakers of Bengal have made, and only have a more sustained belief in their own daughters.
Move over the days where women were only meant to be actresses, models and item number girls.
It's high time women are given the opportunities that men have considered a

Different Film Industries in Different Countries
Different Film Industries in Different Countries
There is one kind of product which needs multi–million investments but can see a return in only 15
to 30 days. It is based on innovation and represents a country's culture. Depending on its collection
of audio and visual experiences, it can earn praises or criticism from thousands of people. Films are
enchanting products for the world.
AMERICAN FILM INDUSTRY
[pic]
It is quiet impossible to think about the American film industry without the name of Hollywood.
While you are thinking about Hollywood and the American film industry you will find that the
effect of Hollywood has given rise to several periods of American Cinema. From silent films to
movies made by modern technology and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of 2009, 15 Japanese films had been nominated for best foreign language film at the Academy
Awards but none won until 2009. The Japanese films Gate of Hell by Teinosuke Kinugasa and
Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto by Hiroshi Inagaki won special awards respectively in 1954 in 1955
but the foreign film category was not created until 1956. Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon received the
special award in 1951. He won Best Foreign Language Film Award in 1975 for Dersu Uzala but that
film was made for the Soviet Union not Japan.
The Japanese have long had a knack for telling a good ghost story. And for more than half a century
they've been equally adept at putting those stories on the screen. Yet Japanese movies featuring the
supernatural are different from their Western counterparts. Japanese spirits tend to be more passive–
their mere presence often driving guilty souls to ruin or redemption. Though such films can be
enjoyed anytime, Halloween's approach makes them especially attractive as a welcome twist to an
otherwise predictable holiday. Below are several films, available individually on DVD from the
Criterion Collection, that show the Japanese flair for fright. Some are undisputed classics, while
others represent milestones in the genre's development.
Yamaoka identified several areas where American and Japanese horror diverge. In general, he said,
Japanese–style horror deals with unseen aggressors and the suggestion of violence, while

The Changing Role Of Of The Movie ' Deewar ' Essay
OMG: The Changing Role Of God In Cinema Who amongst us does not remember the iconic scene
from 'Deewar ' (1975) where Amitabh Bachchan enters a temple for the first time in his life and begs
his mother 's life with the famous words, "Aaj... khush to bahot hoge tum..."? (Today... you must be
very happy). The cinema from the 50s to the 70s portrayed God as a boundless benefactor, an
omnipotent and omnipresent being, who could easily take offence but would as easily forgive, and
might help but only in certain situations, a sort of deus ex machina. All of which have led to some
remarkably cheesy dialogues that have been used and hashed so often that they have become part of
film folklore. Helpless character to another helpless character: "Bhagwaan pe bharosa rakho, sab
thik ho jayega." (Have faith in God, all will be well.) Helpless doctor to helpless relatives: "Ab sab
kuch bhagwaan ke haath mein hain." (Now everything is in God 's hand.) Helpless character
standing in front of God 's idol: "Bhagwaan, maine aaj tak tumse kuch nahi maanga..." (God, till
today I have never asked you for anything...) Woman to a villain who is about to rape her:
"Bhagwaan ke liye mujhe chhod do." (For God 's sake leave me.) Many of the films in this era had
God as one of the characters, albeit as a silent spectator, represented by temples and idols, and
manifested by miracles on request. As as example is the classic blockbuster 'Amar Akbar Anthony '
(1977), where their mother 's lost eyesight

Film and Orientalism
Film Final Evaluation Essay By Armando Khan Orientalism is something that has shaped the world.
It has created the way we see culture. More than that it has placed culture in boxes and has probably
led to the awareness of culture. By saying this I mean that the only reason we hold culture in such
importance is because of difference. And that difference is caused by the wonder of orientalism.
Orientalism is the portrayal off something mostly in a cultural context, in order to show a difference
as well as to display something exotic. It overlooks similarities and is used to attract. This attraction
comes from the exoticness for we are always attracted to something that seems distant from the
mundaneness of our existences. With that being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even the first Indian film with sound was about a prince and a gypsy girl. This has greatly impacted
how the western world see's us today. Not a land of cities and urban people like every other civilized
nation earth, but a strange exotic land. That is why we have ignorance from them when they come to
India. We may complain that the Western world is stuck within it's little bubble, but when we fuel
orientalism , we have no one to blame but ourselves. To illustrate this example I shall start with
Niranjan Pal. Pal was a man integral to Indian theatre and Cinema. He wrote the Light of Asia which
was immensely popular and attracted the attention of German film maker Franz Osten. It is
important to know that the story of Light of Asia was about the Buddha as we all know it. The story
of a prince that abandons a life of privilege to seek enlightenment. It was probably this mystical
element that drew Osten to it. This was the very orientalist story that captured the Occidental
imagination. And soon after , Osten met Himanshu Rai and made a movie about this very story.
When we look at the interests of both Rai and Osten surrounding the film we see different motives.
Rai, the Indian saw it as a way for India to stand out on the international stage. What Rai didn't
realize was that Light of Asia was pandering to the orientalist prerogative. The film captured dark
skinned exotic Indian beauties

Does Film Play An Important Role On The Way People...
ABSTRACT:
Religion often plays an important role in film, but does film play an important role in religion?
Perhaps the better question is, "Does film play an important role in the way people understand
religious concepts? And the answer to these questions is YES. Films or movies do play an important
role in shaping the mind sets of people in a certain way. There are various traditions and beliefs that
have been followed by Hindu Indians since ancient times. Also, many movies are made based on
these customs and traditions which are mentioned below in the article. Also, religion is present.
There are many religion–based movies made and these movies also receive a good response from
the people. But, like a coin has two sides, similarly there are also negative effects of these. People
also opposed to some parts of the movie made on it. But the main thing that they DO AFFECT the
society.
All this is included in this article. And not only religion but also other areas like culture, rituals,
customs, traditions, family, etc is shown through movies and all these are also as important as
religion and which play a significant role in movies... History of Indian Cinema
The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films
produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 alone).
India accounts for 73% of movie admissions in the Asia–Pacific region, and earnings are currently
estimated at US$8.9

Movie Marketing
CONTENTS Media, messages and styles used by Indian marketing communicators of Films 1.
Overview of Indian Film Industry and Market 2. 4Ps concept applied on the movie industry as a
whole 3. Overview of the film making business 4. Classification of movies from a producer's or
distributor's point of view 5. Classification of movies as products 6. Publicity of movies 7. How
different media is used for publicity of movies? 8. Alterative marketing methods 9. Music as a
promotion tool 10. Hollywood marketing strategies in India 11. Messages and styles used for
promotion of films 12. Bibliography Objective: To find out the Media, messages and styles used by
Indian marketing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A movie product is the intellectual property that can be ported to a variety of deliverables: theatrical
exhibit, non–theatrical exhibit, video tapes, DVDs, CDs of the soundtrack, collectible editions,
television and cable broadcast, Internet–served etc. Then there is merchandising such as clothing,
toys, games, posters. Another product dimension is that of franchise rights, endorsements, product
placements and a host of offshoots that are bought and sold, leased and rented. The movie business
is one of the most complexes in the communications industry because of its creativity, its diversity
and its continual explosions of technological delivery options. PRICE At first glance, pricing in the
movie industry seems very standardized. At any multiplex is cinema hall, a movie ticket costs the
same for all movies, doesn't it? But if we look into the broader definition of the movie product just
defined, then the prices fluctuate widely. A distribution contract can be structured in many ways that
result in very different returns for the producer, the key creative talent, and even the distributor.
Elements that are negotiated include: ♣ Theatrical release schedules ♣ Territories and market
segments ♣ Revenue splits, percentages and order of payment ♣ Promotion budgets (P&A) Apart
from these pre consumer stage pricing differences, we see a wide range of pricing structures

The Similarity of Bollywood Films to High Concept American...
The Similarity of Bollywood Films to High Concept American Films The term "high concept" is
used to describe a script or film that a person can easily understand after hearing just a few words, it
also means a film which is high budget and attracts a mass audience. To be high concept the film
needs to appeal to young and old audiences to do this it needs to include aspects such as "fear",
"loneliness", "family" and "lost love." Bollywood films appeal to most of the Asian culture and
religions (Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist) the most common language being Hindi, spoken by 40%
of Asians so Bollywood films are usually spoken in Hindi. India is the seventh largest country in the
world, and has an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She must be faithful, loyal and a good manager of the household affairs. Bollywood films are
popular because Asian has a large population therefore it appeals to all Asians around the world and
has no certification so all ages can watch it. Younger audiences are able to watch Bollywood films
as the violence is made unrealistic and so they can tell it is not real therefore they are made to be an
active audience. In India there is an average of 7 million cinema audiences per week with 12,284
cinemas around India. For the film, "Armaan", it received, £111,124 (UK) (18 May 2003) showing
on 27 screens, so this just goes to show that Asian movies do get a response in England, or this just
because a huge population of East London are Asian, most likely. There is a religious aspect to
Bollywood films, as most Asians are very religious so they will keep interest and can relate to the
film more than English people. There are a number of recognizable genres, and most films use the
"masala" format this means that there is a mix of all the genres rolled into one. The earliest genre
used in Bollywood was the mythological film; these films are based on ancient mythological stories
from the Hindu epics, "Ramayana." Other genres are Historicals, Socials, Romances, and Action
Thrillers. The Hindi popular films usually last for two and a half or

History Of Indian Cinema. When We Talk About History, We
HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA When we talk about history, we start with firsts. The first ever life
form, the first man to walk the moon, the first ever film. Indian Cinema, in the past 70 years, has
seen films in about 30 languages. So, it is safe to say that The Indian Cinema has seen many firsts.
Let's start with Marathi; because the first ever Indian film and a silent one at that was made in
Marathi. Raja Harishchandra produced by Dadasaheb Phalke ,known as the Father of Indian
Cinema, was made in the year 1913 and was the first ever full length motion picture. Even though
this film is in Marathi, it is considered to be the first ever film produced by the Hindi Film Industry
also known as Bollywood. According to history, Shree ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The movie was called Pind Di Kudi. Oriya Film Industry, based in Orissa, known as Ollywood
released its first talkie called Sita Bibaha in the year 1936. Sindhi Film Industry also known as
Sollywood released its first film in the years 1958 called Abana. Source HISTORY OF HINDI
CINEMA Hindi Cinema, famously known as Bollywood across the world, is one of the largest film
industries in the world. The Era started with Raja Harishchandra by Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of
Indian Cinema and Bollywood, who made the first film of Indian Cinema and Hindi Cinema. The
first sound and colour films were made by Ardeshir Irani, called Alam Ara (1913) and Kisan Kanya
(1937) respectively. The period between 1940's to 1960's was considered the "Golden Age" of
Bollywood as successful hits like Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959) by Guru Dutt, Awaara
(1951) and Shree 420 (1955) by Raj Kapoor and Aan (1952) by Dilip Kumar. Many Hollywood
films have been inspired by Bollywood. The Western Musical Genre itself is an inspiration from
Bollywood. !960's to 1970's saw some much appreciated actors who are remembered even today
such as Shammi Kapoor, Jeetendra, Rajesh Khanna, Mumtaz, Saira Banu, Sharmila Tagore and
many more. Some of the actors still active in today's films are Amitabh Bachchan, Naseeruddin
Shah, Anil Kapoor, Sanjay Dutt and a few more. Yash Raj Films and Dharma Productions rule the
modern era. Some of the best movies of this decade are Dilwale

Exploration to the History of Bollywood Dance
History of World Dance 3813–001
April 7, 2010
An Exploration to the History of Bollywood Dance In 2008, the movie "Slum dog Millionaire"
inspired a new dance craze, quickly spreading across the globe. Due to the movies, popular hit song,
"Jai Ho" and the famous choreographed dance shown in a memorable performance during the
closing credits of the film, known as Bollywood dance, has exploded into dance studios, workout
facilities, and films worldwide. For decades, the infusion of song and dance has been a vital element
of the Indian and Hindu film industry. Bollywood dance is not an easy topic to discuss because it
does not have exact history, definition, or style associated with it. However, it still is a recognizable
dance form, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fundamental nature of the ancient text Natya Shastra can be explained as a guide to the
traditional Hindu theatre. It describes Bharata Natyam key elements, such as; mudras, specific hand
movements and positions used to convey the stories, facial expressions, body movements and
postures. Additionally, explained in the Natya Shastra, the dancer must use emotions, known as
"rasas" to convey her story. There are eight basic rasas; love, humor, pathos, anger, heroism terror,
disgust and wonder, added later was serenity. Families and teachers who taught the devadasis, made
a conscience effort to continue the teachings of this dance for generations through oral tradition.
Originally performed for royalty and the wealthy, eventually devadasis, in some areas, were
considered prostitutes and priests were known as pimps. The devadasis reached an all time low
when the British began colonization of India toward the end of the nineteenth century. They were
shocked to see women singing in dancing in temples, with very little or no clothing. In 1927, temple
dancing in India was banned. However, it continued to survive, in 1934 Rukmini Devi decided to
establish a school, Kalashektras, in Madras. She paved the way for a more respectable dance
movement. When the school was established, Rukmini, changed the name from Sadir to Bharata
Natyam, due to its negative history of being associated with prostitution. Now, exclusively

Gender Norms In Hollywood
Introduction
Bollywood is the film industry mainly found and produced in India. Bollywood is also known as
Hindi cinema. The term Bollywood sounds similar to the United States film industry 'Hollywood'
and while they can have some similarities and differences, the titles of the film cultures are not
related. Bollywood has been affected in several ways by the Hindi culture. Gender roles play a large
part in the countries standards, and these gender roles are also represented in the film industry. The
censorship in films enforced by the Central Board of Film Certification has also created laws for the
cinema to follow because of the conservative nature of Hindi culture in India regarding women and
the conduct that the culture follows. By looking at specifically the effect gender norms have on
Hindi cinema and the censorship in India is clear that it causes Bollywood films to appeal strongly
to the Hindi culture and conservative rules, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They obviously make up a very large part of a very lucrative business, but this does not mean they
reap all of the benefits. Since the income generated from the milk is controlled primarily by the
Indian men, the women are oppressed and do not have a say in the milk marketing in India and do
not receive the same pay as compared to the male employees. The National Dairy Development
Board (NDDB) has created a development program in India specifically to help the equality of
women that work on the farms. The development program states that they must follow the
cooperative alliance laws, which state that the producers of the cooperative must also be directly
involved with the production, and the males getting paid do not meet the requirements of being
directly involved in most of the productions. The NDDB is enforcing these laws on the idea not on
feminism empowerment but the empowerment of the India women so that the dairy farms are
following the cooperative

The White Bollywood
From Raja Harishchandra (1913) to The Good Road (2013), the cinema of India, an extremely
important part of our cultural identity celebrating its centenary this year. Has been working as an
ambassador of India to a global audience since the day of its inception. In India, it is often seen that
films made in Hindi targeted at a larger audience, commonly known as mainstream movies or
Bollywood films, employ a different grammar of filmmaking than that is used in so–called sensible
or parallel cinema while representing or portraying different aspects and sections of society, race,
culture, gender and class. In this paper, I try to focus on the representations of Caucasian characters,
or the white, in popular Hindi cinema, or Bollywood films, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If Hollywood has techniques that permit its fictional world to appear internally coherent and
invisibly put together, Indian films are orchestrated by another sensibility of coherence and reality
(Jaikumar 25). This "another" sense of coherence and reality often plays a vital role in the portrayal
of characters belonging to different ethnic backgrounds in the mainstream Bollywood flicks. The
reason why non–Indian characters from the subcontinent, i.e. the Pakistanis, Bangladeshis,
Nepalese, Bhutanese, Afghans or Sri Lankans are not being considered in this discussion is that the
socio–cultural gap between India and her neighbouring countries are relatively less and how they are
portrayed in Bollywood films demands a new discussion altogether due to extremely convoluted
bilateral or multilateral political, social and historical relationships between India and any of these
countries. Unlike the Hollywood, where in the 1930s, white actors had to play Asian roles by putting
on extra make–up, Hindi films had white actors playing white characters. Among the Hollywood
films, we see Douglass Dumbrille playing Mohammed Khan and Noble Johnson playing Ram Singh
in the famous Gary Cooper film The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (dir. Henry Hathaway/ 1935), C.
Henry Gordon as Surat Khan, J. Carroll Naish as Subedar Major Puran Singh and Scotty Beckett as
Prema Singh in the Errol Flynn starrer, an historically inaccurate The Charge of the Light Brigade

Indian Film Industry
INDIAN FILM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS(growth)
The Indian Film Industry has been one of the oldest segments of the Indian entertainment industry.
The Lumiere Brothers brought motion pictures to India in 1896, and since then there has been no
looking back. Today, India has the world's biggest movie industry that churns out around one
thousand movies each year. The Indian Film Industry is witnessing mark improvements on all
spheres – from the technology used in making films to the themes of the movies, exhibition, finance
and marketing and even in its business environment. There is no doubt that the Indian Film Industry
is finally getting corporatized in that sense. 2005 was a watershed year for the industry. Indian Film
Producers are also looking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has however not been the case with the rest of the states in India. Therefore, to avoid market
fragmentation and distortions, a uniform and rational tax structure is required for the growth of the
film industry.
The funding of films either through non–banking finance companies, venture funds, corporate funds
or through corporate finance, was a significant shift from the traditional film– financing model.
IDBI was the first to start funding film production, that too, to big banners, big names and
established film–personalities. The traditional model used amongst others distributors funds,
personal finances of producers, money lenders. Obviously, there were inherent drawbacks attached
to these modes of financing.
Moreover, even banks are not forthcoming in financing film projects. Therefore, venture capital and
private equity investment was clearly seen as a solution based on their appetite for risk and a
conducive legal framework.
Under the applicable law in India, there is no restriction on private equity investment into film
making directly, without routing it, via venture capital regulations as venture capital. However, there
are issues involved with such direct (non venture capital regulations routed) investment, which they
could avoid by operating via applicable venture capital regulations.
Corporatization of the Indian Film Industry has led to increased

Bollywood : The Bollywood Musical Subgenre
Lobna Mahdi
ETS 4U1
Ms. Munro
19/05/2015
The Bollywood Musical Subgenre
Bollywood is a musical subgenre known across the world for its dramatic storylines and catchy,
choreographed songs. According to the 2005 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, Bollywood is
"a name for the Indian popular film industry, based in Bombay. Origin 1970s. Blend of Bombay and
Hollywood." Quite simply, the 'B' from Bombay, a city in India now known as Mumbai, was used to
replace the 'H' in "Hollywood" only to produce "Bollywood." It is important to note, however, that
not all Indian films are Bollywood movies; Bollywood is representative of Mumbai and is made
primarily in Hindi, one of India's many spoken languages. Tollywood is another form of Indian
cinema and its movies are made in Bengali and Telugu. In fact, in his article, "Surviving
Bollywood," Madhava Prasad explains that the word Bollywood is actually based on "Tollywood."
In 1932, Wilford E. Deming, an American Engineer who claims to have supervised India's first
sound picture, helped come up with the name for Tollywood. He writes in his book, American
Cinematographer, "In passing it might be explained that our Calcutta studio was located in the
suburb of Tollygunge...Tolly being a proper name and Gunge meaning locality. After studying the
disadvantages of Hollygunge, we decided on Tollywood" (Prasad, 41). From there came Bollywood
and its representation of Bombay cinema. Along with the name comes considerable controversy,
many fans

Modern Bollywood, A Decade Old: Bollywood and the Colonial...
Introduction This essay explains the journey of Bollywood (Indian Film Industry) and how it has
changed itself and its audience's perspective on Hindi Cinema. Applying the key features from
Dennis McQuail's "Normative Theory", the relationship between Bollywood and the audience,
controlled by the censorship board will be explained; and how both, the Bollywood industry and
Censor Board are responsible for bringing changes to each other in the terms of rules, regulations,
audience's attitudes and their demands, in every period of time. According to McQuail (2010), a
normative theory is adopted to clear the confusion prevailing in the information industry, that has
become self–centred in modern days; and also to examine if the information ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Hollywood films went through an immense decline because the directors and actors portrayed films
about the World War II (Hollywood as History, 2006). Since their rights were not secured, they
would be sent to prison for offensive movie scripts. However, in 1952 Hollywood was granted the
First Amendment protections for the freedom of speech in the movies by the Supreme Court and in
1953, to avoid political issues in the movies, Hollywood made a comeback with a sex comedy,
called "The Moon IS Blue" (Hollywood as History). Hollywood relished the freedom however,
words such as 'virgin' and 'pregnant' were not allowed and considered to be indecent (Hollywood as
History, 2006). Bollywood Hollywood became privileged on exhibiting sexual content from 1952
and Bollywood went through an extensive difficulty in settling the movie contents to match the rules
of the Central Board of Film Censors. As McQuail (2012) mentions, the intention of Press Freedom
was to inspect the areas of press in America that enjoyed less freedom or more. The American
writers used Press to demand freedom in another sectors of media such as television, films and
music, along with the promotion and protection for the freedom of speech from the government
(McQuail, 2012). In the case of Bollywood, it struggled through its path to success, in

The Status Of A Woman Essay
I'd like to start my Essay with famous quote of Virgina Woolf, which goes as, "Women have served
all these centuries as looking glasses possessing the magic and delicious power of reflecting the
figure of man at twice it's natural Size" The topic that I've chosen for my essay is The Status of A
Woman in South Indian or specifically Malayalam Cinema. The first question the arises in my mind
while watching any Malayalam movie is why does the nationally and internationally acclaimed
Malayalam or for that matter any South Indian Cinema fail to represent women's experiences, Why
are The Female leads just subjected to basic chores, or as an object of desire? Me being a Woman
find it very disturbing to see woman being labelled in the same umbrella. Indian cinema has always
been under the line of fire for its potrayal of women as objects of desire. Be it in the case of
Mandakini, Parveen Babi or the current crop of actresses. From 'Sheila Ki Jawaani ' to 'Munni ki
Badnaami ', its usually women who are utilized as objects of desire and sexual objects. The situation
is no different in Indian culture where In reality the birth of a girl child is frowned and looked down
upon with disrespect in some parts of India and shockingly even among elite and educated Indians,
whereas the Birth of a boy is celebrated. Indian Cinema as a whole is the biggest culprit here as the
reach and impact by Commercial films is the most and it is very disheartening that such an industry
still uses or turns

The Requirements For Indian Cinema
TITLE OF YOUR PAPER IN CAPS A Term Paper Presented to Dr. Paul Ellison San Francisco State
University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Indian cinema has been one of the most
dominant and distinguishing features of the subcontinent's culture for the past sixty years. I am here
to discuss, the ways in which cinemas in India have evolved from ancient times. How the tradition is
changing and that Indian movies are not just– dance, music and colors, but much more meaningful
than that. Nationalism and Nations are invented traditions and there is an inherent relationship
between Indian Cinema and nationalism. It depicts the concept of national identity and invented
traditions, and how cinemas in India use the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first full–length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, Dadasaheb is the
pioneer of Indian film industry a scholar on India 's languages and culture, who brought together
elements from Sanskrit epics to produce his Raja Harishchandra (1913), a silent film in Marathi.
During the early twentieth century cinema as a medium gained popularity across India 's population
and its many economic sections. Tickets were made affordable to the common man at a low price
and for the financially capable additional comforts meant additional admission ticket price. There
have been many movies in Bollywood since then. Films started becoming grander and
technologically advanced. Careers in film industry were no longer a taboo and many relocated to
greener pastures and movie industry ensured its propagation. Today, india is the largest producer of
films in the world. Some figures estimate there are about 1,500 movies released in Bollywood
(alone) annually. Colour and dance: A color of every mood and a color for every occasion are the
underlying mantra at Bollywood... a case of art imitates life and vice versa. So if it's hues of red and
gold for weddings, then its bright yellows and magentas that signify the courtship period. Blacks
and edgy reds for fight scenes and danger, greens and luscious purples for lust and seduction.
Heavily spiced script with ten songs and an item number. We had it all.

To What Extent Is Slumdog Millionaire an Accurate...
Slumdog Millionaire is a British Drama Film, set in India. India is the second largest country by
area in Asia, and with over 1.2 billion people it is the second most populous country in the world,
after China. The film was released in 2008 and portrays the different aspects of India as a country.
Throughout the film different themes are addressed especially the issue of poverty. The word
Slumdog refers to someone who lives in a slum, as does Jamal Malik the protagonist in the film.
During the film, the subject of poverty was actively depicted. Even though this issue has raised great
concerns for India in the past, statistics show that this problem has gradually decreased. In 1978 the
percentage of people living on less than $2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I agree that this is true because offenses such as rape have more than doubled in the last 20 years.
However, the way in which it was shown, implies that India is quite and unfair and corrupted
country lacking in justice, despite its rapid economic growth in recent years. This is, somewhat an
accurate representation of modern India even though the whole of India is not like that.
Nevertheless, I think that the portrayal of crime was shown in the most extreme way so that we feel
as if we ourselves could never relate these crimes. Many people have said 'the movie depicts
different issues but just so happens to be set in India because these things happen around the world.'
This means that crime is a problem all over the world, so the different events shown in the film do
not necessarily relate to India. In the film, Maman, a gangster who tricks and then trains street kids
to become beggars, finds Jamal, Salim and Latika and keeps them. His initial aim was to teach them
how to sing, and then blind them so that they could raise more money for him, but Jamal and Salim
escape, upon knowing this. Later on, Latika is show to be sexually exploited by the gangster
because she is a virgin. I believe that Slumdog Millionaire was accurate in its representation of
crime, but it should have shown crime in such a way that would not make India seem completely

Bride And Prejudice Essay
Pride and Prejudice film plot is based on Jane Austen's novel about a humorous story of love and
life among English gentility during the Georgian era. Mr Bennet is an English gentleman who live
in Hartfordshire with his overbearing wife and 5 daughters; the eldest and beautiful Jane, the clever
Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty and the youngest and wild Lydia. Unfortunately for
the Bennets, if Mr Bennet dies their house will be inherited by a distant cousin whom they have
never met, so the family's future happiness and security is dependent on the daughters making good
marriages. Life is uneventful until the arrival in the neighbourhood of the rich gentleman Mr
Bingley, who rents a large house so he can spend the summer in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This negative side of globalization may contribute to fuel social and cultural fears and prejudices
that prevent multicultural tolerance and hinder the freedom to choose one's identity. Following
Bollywood and Hollywood conventions of romantic comedies and musical romances, the film offers
an escapist fantasy in which love triumphs and manages to do away with all kinds of prejudices. In
the final wedding scene, all the characters are reconciled in the double and interracial wedding. The
scene presenting Indian elephants with a "Just Married" sign comically provides the conclusion of
love in a multicultural context in which identities are plural and any individual should be free to
make his own choices and scale of priorities. As Amartya Sen

Review on the Effectiveness of Brand/Product Placement in...
Review on The Effectiveness of Brand/product Placement in Films and A Comparison between
Brand Placements in Hollywood and Bollywood films Pulidindi Venugopal, Avinash Inuganti, P.
Harsha Vardhan, Vedika Kashyap Abstract: The advertisements of products/brands in televisions are
experiencing skipping of channel and the marketers finding it difficult to promote their brands or
products, effectively. So the marketers are now finding new media to promote their products/brands.
One of those media is films. This paper studies the effectiveness of brand placement in films in the
minds of consumers, especially in Hollywood and Bollywood films. Key words: Brand placement,
Hollywood films, Indian films, Product placement Introduction: ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It frustrates the consumer especially if the story line is out of context. Clear brand placement proved
to have great brand recall and well–known brands are more recalled (Rishikesh Padmanabhan,
Sanjay Kumae Jena, 2013). The main aim of product placement is that consumer should not only
notice it but also should remember it and the entire product placement situation is win–win, in
which both film producers and the marketers do benefit (Kaylene Williams, et. Al., 2010). Familiar
brands have more advantage than less–familiar brands. Selection of a movie, in which the need to be
placed is very important and it is very difficult to evaluate the reach to the target audience, because
different age groups do watch the film, the marketer cannot analyze that (Dr. Judy Drennan and Dr.
John McDonnell, 2010). The strategy will benefit a brand only if it is seamlessly integrated with the
script or otherwise the work will look forced and jarred1 .Product placement in movie is worth full
and it gives a good combination of commercial and non–commercial activities, it helps to achieve
audience exposure and increase consumer's memory, makes product or brand the complete success,
to change consumer's attitude

Kahaani and Mumbai Diaries Film Review
Dhobighat and Kahaani Film reviews [Student Name] [Course Title] [Course Supervisor] [Date]
Film reviews Introduction: The Indian film industry has never been popular for its art films. Art
films in Indian cinemas usually try to portray a particular aspect of the Indian culture and norm.
These movies avoid all the glitz and glamour normally found in Indian movies. No glitz or glamour
usually restricts these movies to a low budget nor are these movies able to attract a large number of
audience to the cinema. Directors that usually make such movies try to get a point across to the
audience using the cinema screen to portray their view of a particular issue within the community.
Dhobighat The movie starts off showing Arun ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Taking advantage of this fact Shai uses the building as a means to take Arun's pictures without his
knowledge. Arun on the other hand has his mind set on the tapes that belonged to the previous
tenant of the house. The tapes contain messages from a woman named Yasmin (Kriti Malhotra) to
her brother. Arun watches those tapes and soon starts drawing inspiration from them (Gurbaxani,
2011). It is normal for artists to draw inspiration from daily objects. Different artists gain inspiration
from different day to day objects and people. These inspirations can be from friends, family or even
a song they like (Barnett, 2012). The movie cites the tapes by Yasmin as a means of inspiration for
Arun's work. To make a living and promote his dream of becoming a movie star Munna works as a
laundrier by day and kills rats for different localities by night time. Once while taking some pictures
Shai comes across Munna while he is on his night job working as an exterminator. Shai takes his
picture while Munna is working. Angry and confused Munna makes a run for it. Arun watches the
last video left by Yasmin in which she confesses that her husband is in fact having an affair and
shows signs that she would probably kill herself. Feeling frustrated Arun leaves the apartment for
good. Shai gets hold of Munna and asks him for Arun's new address. Initially Munna hesitates and
lies about not knowing the where abouts of Arun but eventually gives her Arun's new address
(Gurbaxani,

The Requirements For Indian Cinema
TITLE OF YOUR PAPER IN CAPS A Term Paper Presented to Dr. Paul Ellison San Francisco State
University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Indian cinema has been one of the most
dominant and distinguishing features of the subcontinent's culture for the past sixty years. I am here
to discuss, the ways in which cinemas in India have evolved from ancient times. How the tradition is
changing and that Indian movies are not just– dance, music and colors, but much more meaningful
than that. Nationalism and Nations are invented traditions and there is an inherent relationship
between Indian Cinema and nationalism. It depicts the concept of national identity and invented
traditions, and how cinemas in India use the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
 During the early twentieth century cinema as a medium gained popularity across India 's
population and its many economic sections.Tickets were made affordable to the common man at a
low price and for the financially capable additional comforts meant additional admission ticket
price.  There have been many movies in Bollywood since then. Films started becoming grander
and technologically advanced. Careers in film industry were no longer a taboo and many relocated
to greener pastures and movie industry ensured its propagation. Today, india is the largest producer
of films in the world. Some figures estimate there are about 1,500 movies released in Bollywood
(alone) annually. Colour and dance: all about drama and dance. Heavily spiced script with 10 songs
and an item number (of course!). We had it all. People manically whistling during the hero's entry
and repeating their famous dialogues. Some figures estimate there are about 1,500 movies released
in Bollywood annually. They are filled with raunchy songs, "item" numbers – a gratuitous song
which features a scantily–clad woman often dancing for the pleasure of a room full of men – and
very minor decorative roles from the 'heroine'. The hero often harasses the heroine, who is somehow
charmed by his behaviour and falls madly in love with him. But is that the same case anymore..blah
blah..

Hanson Production
The president of production at Hanson Productions, an off–Broadway production company, was
faced with the same situation for every Broadway production: where to locate, how many seats,
what to charge and how to promote and market the production. There are three separate venues, with
three separate value propositions to the studio, case and audience. While bigger means more seats
and more revenue for each show, there is a capacity percentage that must be factored in to the
decision due to the increased rental costs. Smaller venues may lead to higher capacity percentages,
but ultimately leave money on the table. The ticket prices must be set for advance sales; any change
in price after this period will effectively hurt future sales – more so ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For corporate houses we could only cite that it is just like as any other corporate deal with the only
differentiation that it produces films which is considered under the head of creative segment
(essentially organised corporate structure of producing in creative industries – which is a new
concept for Indian film industry) (Subramaniam, A, 2003) So when 'Industry' status was granted in
2000, Corporate started getting attracted towards the films industry realising the huge potential that
was there to be exploited. When the corporate started entering to film industry with huge investment
power they started incorporating studio culture of Hollywood by following vertical integration.
Leaving behind the prevailing system of horizontal integration to the independent producers. The
studio model production house started giving more importance to the content. It stressed on script
development, introducing younger generation actors and directors, budget and time management, co
productions and international distribution. None of the new corporate production house had the
background of film production when they entered the segment. However most of them were
involved in activities related to the media (The Business Line, 2007). Barney says that the first to
exploit the resources would gain competitive advantage over its rivals. This is exactly how the
corporate

Transnational Cinema Essay
As cultural identity being questioned in global screen due to the influences of transnational cinema
and Diasporas in different places, this clip question further the possibilities in future transnational
cinema. Through the emergence of cinema styles, all films are to be considered transnational. This
essay will argue that transnational cinema could be emerging to a new level in the film industry. The
clip provided with the essay explores the potential of transnational films with the context of films
studied included in this subject.
As Ezra and Rowden argues, the "key to transnationalism is the recognition of the decline of
national sovereignty as a regulatory force in global coexistence. The impossibility of assigning a
fixed national ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hess and Zimmermann mention that conventional categories have blurred and there's demands for
new political and aesthetic responses in transnational cinema (John Hess 2006). These transnational
films I believe would be growing significantly in the film industry as a part of film history.
As seen in most third transnational films from Asia countries, "popular cultural products criss–cross
cultural borders everyday" therefore these cultures remain circulating in transnational cinema
(Aquilia 2006). The power of transnational cinema could not be ignored as global screen reflects a
transnational cultural exchange (Aquilia 2006). My clip shows that those sections of films we
studied consisting crossover boundaries of actors and actresses, overseas settings and different
cultures portrayed. Athique also argues that non–Indians and people with little Indian history
background found enjoyment in the mixture of Bombay films (Athique 2008). Thus, transnational
cinema in both ways depicted the cultural identity audiences can relate to, as well as transnational
culture exchange among the globe.
Transnational cinema is a developing concept. It changes alongside the film industry. The ever–
increasing of Diasporas and ever–developing cultural identity help shape transnational cinema.
Transnational cinema is an emergence of cultural phenomenon and it develops though time. The clip
I created aims to

Religion In Bollywood Movies
Significance of religion and Culture in Bollywood Movies
India is considered as the inception of the mythological genre of film. The first feature film of India,
Raja HarishChandra (1913) by Dadasaheb Phalke was the commencement of the explorations of the
mythological genre of films (Dimitrova, 2016). Bollywood movies have been considered as the
richest source of exploring religious and cultural values, (Dunmill. M 2007). Bollywood has
produced several movies and TV shows predicated on gods. Religion composed a very sensitive
issue in the Indian society. Hindu religion is the most commonly practiced religion in India,
according to the 2011 census (Shrivastava, 2015). Movies that are against the religious credences of
the audience are considered blasphemy or attack on the religious sentiments of the community
(Qadri & Mufti, 2017). Om Jai Jagadish (2002), Hum Saath–Saath Hain (1999) and Hum Aapke
Hain Kaun (1994) are some of the movies that represented a typical Indian, Hindu family by
utilizing traditional costumes and festival celebrations. Dimitrova (2016) discussed the movie
Lagaan (2001) and the portrayal of the religion, Hinduism in the movie. The movie was predicated
in the North Indian village, Champaner, which is a part of the princely state in 1893 (Dimitrova,
2016). In the movie, British rulers are stereotyped and represented as cruel, arrogant and superficial.
British rulers imposed a tax on the Indian villagers. Bhuvan, portrayed by Aamir Khan, travestied
the

India: One of the Leaders of the Film Production
Yielding 28,000 featured films, and as one of the leaders of the film production India is one of the
biggest film production country. Following the breakthrough of the Lumiere brothers producing the
screening of a motion film, the trend soon followed into European and Indian countries during the
1890's. By July 1896, the city of Bombay had films produced a variety of films in the same area as
where the Lumiere brothers had there first film screened in India. The next year, the first featured
show was presented at the Calcutta Star Theatre. The first bioscopes were shown in the theatres in
Kolkata during this time as well. The Indian photographer, Hiralal Sen filmed the scenes from a
show named The Flower of Persia and The Wrestlers, produced by Bhatavdeker during his first few
months there. The film showed a wrestling match, this was the first film and Indian documentary
filmed by an Indian. The first film was released on May 18th 1912, it was a silent film called Shree
pundalik, directed by Torne. There is some controversy surrounding film, some believe that it should
not hold the title of it being the first film because the cameraman was a British nationalist, who
filmed the film in Britan. The film was also just a recording of a popular play. Dadasaheb Phalke,
named the father of cinema produced the first full–length motion picture. He brought scholarly and
cultural aspects to his films. His first film consisted of males playing the female roles. This marked
the

Muslims Culture From Bollywood Movies Essay
This might explains that why, when Muslims were not cruel, threatening or terrorists, most of the
time they were invisible in the stories that could have reasonably included them (qty Hijri 61). If we
look at the symbolism and the traditions, there is a domination of Hindu symbolism in the majority
of films. The presentation of other religious traditions shown in the movies are limited as compare to
Hindu traditions. Shvetal in her article talks about the disappearances of Muslims culture from
Bollywood movies. She mentions that movies with main Muslim characters are usually based on
specific subject. Mostly Indian movies show Hindu identity and culture, and have Hindu names.
There is merely any movies that have Muslim main characters without any political issue. Another
reason to portray Muslims as a negative character is the political agenda. As Kumar mentioned
Hindustva Movement, who consider Muslims as 'others' this movement influence society with its
majoritarian ideologies and create a cultural differences between the two communities. ....with
'Hinduness' at its core and explicit designation and interpretation of its enemy as the Muslim, is
being ideologically carried out in the name of Hindutva , with Rahtriya Sevek Sangh, its affiliates
and its political wing, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), becoming the socio–cultural and political
trustees of this hegemonic construct (Kumar 459). The easiest and quick way to present Muslims in
a stereotypical way to the public

The Modernity Of Bollywood

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