Writing A Text, Writing Style, And Most Important

Writing A Text, Writing Style, And Most Important
When writing a text, authors have to take several factors into consideration. Appiah stupendously
incorporates various rhetorical aspects in his text. Authors have to be well rounded on the issue at
hand, address various perspectives of the issue, be aware of their writing style, and most
importantly, they have to know their audience in order to persuade them. It is apparent that Appiah
has done research to support his writing. He provides modern issues as evidence, meaning that all
topics he presents are up to date and still have significant meaning. A practice that he predicts for
future condemnation is industrial meat production. In providing this as evidence, he includes
statistical research. He states, "Of the more than 90 million cattle in our country, at least 10 million
at any time are packed into feedlots, saved from the inevitable diseases of overcrowding only by
regular doses of antibiotics... their nostrils filled with the smell of their own urine." Giving such
statistics, make his argument relatively more credible, in addition to creating vivid imagery of the
appalling conditions. He also spoke about the institutionalization and isolation of America's elderly.
When developing the content of the argument, he also includes relevant statistics. Appiah notes that
an estimate of 2 million elderly people are institutionalized in America. Yet again, such detail
supports his argument, while strengthening his credibility and knowledge of the subject. The
argument of
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The Astounding and Indisputable Surrounding Scientific...
The topic of global warming is one of great discussion throughout the scientific community. The
scientific evidence surrounding the global warming is astounding and undisputable such as the
occurrence of heat–sealing carbon dioxide confirmed in the mid–19th century. With increased
greenhouse gasses, the earth's temperature is warming. The earth is also responding to solar outputs
seen in ice cores sampled from Greenland, Antarctica. In addition, sea levels are rising rapidly
compared to years prior. "Global sea level rose about 17 centimeters (6.7 inches) in the last century.
The rate in the last decade, however, is nearly double that of the last century." (Climate change:
How do we know? n.d., para. 6) Not only are ocean levels ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Global warming has been a long standing scientific argument. As Minnesotans just experienced this
past winter, winter can be very real and harsh at times. Following this recent winter, many people
dispel the reality of global warming as just a myth simply because of what they have experienced,
without looking at the real data, the facts behind the topic. Global warming is also a highly
contested topic within our political landscape, dividing parties and raising or losing elections based
on climate change. "The source of a climate change message is also very important – if the audience
trusts the communicator, they are more likely to trust their arguments." (Why are people still
skeptical about climate change? n.d., para. 10) Some believe climate change can threaten our trade
and industry sector, harming our economy as well as international relationships. Alternative
reasoning, other than greenhouse emissions, behind the topic of global warming relates to the
disparities in the suns reflection reaching the earth as well as fluctuations in the earth's reflectivity.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (n.d.), prior to human activities, it was believed
climate changes were a result in varying of the Earth's orbit, fluctuations in solar activity as well as
volcanic eruptions. (Causes of Climate Change, n.d.) Scientists infer, although these things could
have affected

The Effect Of Nitrous Oxide On The Environment Of New...
1. Introduction
1.1 Background and rationale for this study
Nitrous oxide is an important green house gas. The global warming potential for nitrous oxide is
298 times higher than that of carbon dioxide over a 100–year time horizon (Ravishankara, Daniel
and Portmann, 2009). Nitrous oxide is also contributing the third largest radiative forcing globally
(Oenema et al., 1997). With the recent emphasis on control of global warming, ways to reduce
nitrous oxide are highly sought.
Natural sources account for 62% of total nitrous oxide emission globally. Apart from natural
sources, nitrous oxide can also be emitted from anthropogenic activities include: agriculture,
industrial, fuel and biomass combustion, and sewage treatment (Sutton et al., 2014; Scheehle and
Kruger, 2006; Tsai and Chyan, 2006). Among all sources, agriculture contributes the largest
proportion (60%) around the world in recent years (IPCC–Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, 2008).
Agriculture is largely influencing economy and society of New Zealand and agricultural–based
products accounts for 53% of the whole merchandise exports (MacLeod and Moller, 2006). In 2007,
agricultural land use represented 54.8% of total land area across New Zealand (Statistics New
Zealand, 2008). Seeking for ways to reduce nitrous oxide emission for New Zealand is extremely
important.
The use of carbon based sorbent, which is relatively cheap and with large surface area, to reduce
nitrous oxide emission has been studied for

The Consumption Of The Livestock Industry
Have you ever realized that grain fed to livestock could be used to feed starving children? Plump,
hormone–injected cattle feed on grain and drink precious purified water while frail, emaciated
children with bacteria–swollen stomachs scrounge for food in the streets of Ethiopia, their sunken
eyes and cracked lips manifesting their chronic dehydration. Livestock production is causing more
ethical problems that most realize. In addition to contributing to the starvation of children, the
livestock industry is a major culprit in terms of the unscrupulous treatment of animal as well as the
destruction of the environment and its natural resources. The cattle themselves are often kept in
overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions. Moreover, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Bonnie Liebman's Nutrition Action Health Letter cover story he states: "About 60 to 70 percent
of soybeans and a slightly higher percentage of corn goes for animal feed rather than as feed for
humans or other uses." Distressing findings in the study prove food that could potentially save lives
is being grown to feed cattle that are likely going to be eaten by fast–food restaurant frequenters.
Each time an American consumes a hamburger from McDonalds they are not only wasting money
on a ninety–nine cent greased heart attack, but are also potentially starving a child. The statistics
prove that individuals can certainly make a tremendous difference in world hunger. Some may argue
that such restaurants provide essential employment opportunities, or that livestock industry workers
need their careers as well. However, complete abstinence from meat isn't the only option to solving
the issue. For example, if families in the US chose not to eat it on Meatless Mondays, the amount of
grain used to feed cattle could be reduced drastically. Hence, vegetarianism can certainly have a
considerably positive impact on such issues. David Pimentel, professor of ecology in Cornell
University 's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, states, "If all the grain currently fed to
livestock in the United States were consumed directly by people, the number of people who could
be fed would be nearly 800 million." Thus, it becomes

Global Warming And Its Effects On The Environment
Energy choices
The environment plays an integral part of offering and sustaining livelihoods to billions of humans
around the globe. Without rain, food security is adversely threatened, meaning that humans' most
vital need could be affected. Recently, the issue of global warming has caught many nations'
attention as carbon emissions significantly cause it. Greenhouse gas emissions around the world
have been somehow unavoidable, but countries have sought methods to mitigate the inevitable
outcomes. While it often seems as though this task is too daunting to overcome, this paper asserts
that with the right approach, carbon emissions could be controlled thus reducing the destructive
impacts on the environment, which inevitably lead to dire ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The choice of fuel used by the individuals or the countries depends on regulations, awareness and
availability of substitutes (Miles & Kapos, 2008).
Fuel sources and consumption for US and India
Currently, India is ranked third in terms of carbon pollution, with vehicles accounting for the higher
percentage. By the same token, the US is also a major polluter of the same, only that the pollution
comes from various sources. For instance in the US, greenhouse emissions majorly come from six
sources: production of electricity, Industry, transport, commercial and residential, land use and
forestry, and agriculture. In 2013, electricity production accounted for 31% of gas emissions in the
US, transport was 27%, industry 21%, agriculture 9%, forestry 13% and commercial and residential
was 12% (EPA, 2015).
In terms of consumption, the two countries have had high levels with statistics showing the US to
have over 90 Quadrillion Btu since 2008. In 2008, the US recorded a 99.5 Quadrillion Btu
consumption; 94.4 the following year, a result that replicated in 2010. As for India within the same
period, 21.5 Quadrillion Btu was consumed in 2008 followed by 22.5, 23.4 and 23.9 in 2009, 2010,
and 2011 respectively (Showstack, 2015). Evidently, the two countries' level of consumption is
largely different despite India's high population.
As of 2011, the US was ranked third in the countries that emission emanating from agricultural
activities

The Consequences Of The Globes Meat Consumption
Climate change undoubtedly has a monumental effect on countries across the globe, It is becoming
increasingly clear that it is the most important challenge facing international relations today.
Agriculture and more specifically animal agriculture is one of the biggest contributors to human
made climate change. This is important for international relations because animal agriculture effects
trade, global food security and the global economy. With the population growing at a rapid pace the
demand on animal agricuture is also rapidly increasing. This essay will discuss the consequences of
the globes meat consumption and the challenge it poses to international relations. It will then go on
to discuss the way the international community should address global food security while reducing
the animal agriculture industries effect on the environment.
There are powerful hegemonic forces at play with cultural, religious, gender and other issues
shaping our dietary preferences. Obsessive meat consumption is deeply ingrained into societies
throughout the globe, especially in western cultures. Humans have been eating meat since the
beginning of our existence, although much less frequently than we do today. Nonetheless, It is in the
interest of all countries, to reduce meat consumption, It is not just a personal decision or a 'lifestyle
choice' but a crucial issue of International relations which needs to be tackled using full range of
international strategies and agreements which I

Nitrous Oxide
After James began to consider the possible different explanations for the ambiguities that exist in
human consciousness, he began to experiment with drugs, specifically nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide
is a chemical that is more commonly known at laughing gas that is used most commonly in dental
offices and it is a substance that alters the conscious state of a person. In an article published in 1996
in the Atlantic, Dmitri Tymoczko explores the often unknown influence of Nitrous Oxide on the
thought of James. Unbeknown to most people, James began to experiment with this drug while he
was trying to uncover the secrets of human consciousness. In an article published by James
anonymously in The Atlantic Monthly in 1874, James argued that "the secrets ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The ASPR was founded in 1885 by a distinguished group of scholars one of which who was
William James. Furthermore, many well–known and well–regarded scientists were a part of this
society including both Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, both of which were interested in the human
conscious and subconscious. According to their modern website, the original goal established by the
ASPR was to "investigate hypnosis, dreams, the states of consciousness to telepathy, clairvoyance,
recognition, psychokinesis, healing, and questions of survival after death" ("About the Society").
Basically, their goal was to study these ambiguous, out of the ordinary occurrence as to come up
with a conclusion on their existence. James was an active member of the ASPR and after he was
elected president he stated that he believed "we (the ASPR) have restored continuity to history. We
have shown some reasonable basis for the most superstitious aberrations of the foretime. We have
bridged the chasm, healed the hideous rift that science, taken in a certain narrow way, was shot into
the human world'" ( qtd. In Alverado,"William

The Pros And Cons Of Factory Farming
Everyday millions of people around the world sit down to a meal composed predominantly of meat.
Many of these people have no idea where the meat came from before it reached the shelves of local
grocery stores. Most of the meat found in today's grocery stores are produced from large scale
farms, commonly known as factory farms. These farms have replaced traditional small–scale family
farms. Factory farming is an unsustainable practise that puts the health of the environment at risk.
Factory farming is a commercial form of agriculture that uses extreme growing techniques to
produce the greatest amount of product for the least amount of cost. The main goal of these
industries is to produce enough meat, milk, and eggs for human consumption. To keep up with the
with the growing demand for animal products and by–products, billions of animals are bred just to
be killed in a few short months. Every year 56 billion animals are killed in these operations.
Farming has been around for centuries; however, industry farming was only introduced in the last
century. In 2005, 40% of all meat was produced in factory farms and that number continues to rise
at an astronomical rate (Cummins). Factory farming is often referred to by the government as
"confined animal feeding operations" or "CAFO" for short, showing that these animals are nothing
more to them than profit (Cummins). The most significant piece of evidence that factory farms are
unsustainable is the mass amount of greenhouse gasses

Persuasive Essay On Vegetarianism
"7.3 million people in the U.S alone, are vegetarians." Those people, of course, are missing out on
many amazing things such as: sausage, hamburgers, pork and something no one can ever forget,
bacon. Although, those 7.3 million people are missing out of those tasty items, they may not exactly
be doing themselves or the environment a favor. Vegetarianism began because people did not want
to kill or harm animals in any possible way. Some thought it was inhumane how the animals where
kept, treated and killed for their meat. Society also thought it to be a healthier way of living, and of
course for the most obvious reason, it became a new trend and everyone became a vegetarian
because their friends and family where. Some religious cultures also do not eat meat because it is
against their religion, such as; Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Jains and many other religious groups.
As I said earlier, people became vegetarians because they thought it was healthier, that may indeed
not be completely true. Vegetarianism should not be practiced in America because it lowers
nutrients, is more expensive, and harmful to the environment.
Previously I stated that being a vegetarian is not necessarily healthier. For those of you who do not
know what a vegetarian is, it is someone who does not eat meat, fish, and some of the time no
animal products. Completely cutting out meat will lower your protein and can lower your iron.
There are vitamins you can take to get those needed ingredients in your

Nitrous Oxide: Dental Anxiety
What is Nitrous Oxide? Nitrous oxide sedation is a popular option for patients with dental anxiety.
Dr. Das, Dr. Darcey, or Dr. Pham may recommend nitrous oxide if you have mild to moderate dental
anxiety. Nitrous oxide is one of the safest sedation methods for both children and adults. Nitrous
oxide is also referred to as laughing gas and is known for the ability to be able to calm your central
nervous system. It enables patients to have any type of dental treatment in comfort or without fear.
You will inhale the gas through a small rubber mask placed over your nose. The mask is attached to
a hose and a device that adjusts the amount of nitrogen and oxygen you inhale. Immediately after
inhalation (within five minutes), you will feel the effects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Once your procedure is finished, you will be back to normal in just a few minutes. You will be able
to drive yourself home after the procedure without any worry of aftereffects. How Nitrous Oxide
Can Help You Nitrous oxide is a safe way to relax during a dental procedure. It makes you feel
comfortable while remaining fully awake and conscious. It can reduce discomfort caused by the
injection of local anesthetic. Your dentist can also adjust the level of sedation as needed. Almost all
healthy patients can have nitrous oxide sedation. If you have asthma, bronchitis, or other lung
disorders, your dentist and your GP can help determine if nitrous oxide is right for you. Oral
Sedation Oral sedatives are pills taken by mouth or dissolved under the tongue about an hour before
the procedure. Most patients feel sleepiness and heaviness in their limbs after taking the medication.
You are conscious throughout the procedure, however. If you do fall asleep, Dr. Das can easily wake
you. Oral sedation is a popular option for patients who hate needles. IV

Essay On Inhalants
Hundreds of household products are being misused as inhalants. Some of these products include nail
polish remover, hair spray, cleaning fluids, spray paint, and the propellant in aerosol whipped cream
("Inhalants", 2010). Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that users intentionally inhale because
of the chemical's mind–altering effects (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2010). The trend
in inhalant abuse is growing among the young community throughout the country. Surveys have
shown in 2008 2 million Americans of 12 or over reported using inhalants (NIDA, 2010). Young
children from the age of 12 to 17 are the primary age group of abusers (National Drug Intelligence
Center [NDIC], 2001). The numbers reflect that it is becoming ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nitrites are a group of chemicals including cyclohexyl nitrite, amyl nitrite, and butyl nitrite. Instead
of acting on the central nervous system for the euphoric effect, nitrites dilate blood vessels, relax the
muscles, and are used for sexual enhancement (NDIC, 2001). Amyl nitrite consists of a clear,
yellowish liquid that is sold in a cloth, covered sealed bulb. This type of nitrite is also known as a
snapper or popper because the bulb makes a snapping sound when it is broken (Missouri
Department of Mental Health, n.d.). On the other hand, butyl nitrite comes in small bottles sold as
video head cleaner, room odorizer, leather cleaner and liquid aroma (NIDA, 2010). One category
may sound worse than the other, but in reality they are all equally harmful and all cause short term
and long term effects to a person's health.
All effects of inhalants are harmful to the body. However, the short term effects on a person can be
brutal. Immediately after inhaling, users feel intoxication and other side effects. These effects
include slurred speech, dizziness, confusion, and uncoordinated movements. Furthermore, users
may also experience nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, hallucinations, and delusions ("Inhalants",
2010). Loss of inhibition has been reported by users as well as drowsiness and headaches. When a
person inhales nitrites, the blood vessels are dilated, the heart rate is increased, and there is a
sensation of heat and excitement that lasts several

Nitrous Oxide Effects
Nitrous Oxide has effected the world positively and negatively. The most common use of Nitrous
Oxide is as a laughing gas for medical procedures. Laughing gas is a anasthetic used in most cases
by the dentist in removing teeth, such as the wisdom tooth. This is because laughing gas is a strong
medicine used for feeling no pain that may cause common symptoms to the body like nausea or
another word for dizziness, Though laughing gas is so useful, it has another side to it. Laughing gas
is seriously harmful when exposed to much to the human body. People especially young adults
abuse laughing gas, Since laughing gas isn't illegal to sell people all around the street sell it. The UK
is a common place to see laughing gas all around. People in the

Reducing Acid Rain Through Mining And Smelting Industries
Tarlin Saini
Ms.McCuaig
SCH3U1–01
24 November 2014
Reducing Acid Rain through Mining and Smelting Industries http://miningandacidrain.weebly.com
What is Acid Rain?
Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air and has low pH levels that
can harm the environment. It is a type of acid deposition that can appear in many forms such as, wet
deposition, which can be rain, sleet snow or fog that is more acidic than normal, and dry deposition,
where gases and dust particles become acidic. (Epa.gov) Acid deposition in wet and dry forms, falls
on buildings, cars and trees and makes lakes acidic, which then leads to the danger of plant and
animal life. Dry acid deposition though, can be inhaled by humans, which can then cause health
problems. (Epa.gov)
How is Acid Rain Created?
When fossil fuels are burned to create electricity pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides are released into the air. They then mix with oxygen and water in the air to form acid rain.
These chemicals can travel long distances in the rain before being deposited. (Epa.gov)
There are several different pollutants that can lead to acid rain such as SO2, SO3, NO2, and CO2.
These pollutants react with water to create acids as shown below.
Sulfur dioxide + water  sulfurous acid
Sulfur trioxide + water  sulfuric acid
Nitrogen dioxide + water  nitric acid + nitrous acid
Carbon dioxide + water  carbonic acid
Although Mining does not directly create acid rain, it does lead

Global Warming : Climate Change
It is established that the Earth is warming, climate change is caused by the steady rise of
temperature in our atmosphere and oceans, this is also known as global warming. Energy from the
sun that enters the Earths atmosphere is reflected back into space but some is absorbed by
greenhouse gasses which radiates the energy to create heat.
Greenhouse gasses have been on this planet since it was formed, they keep life on Earth living.
Without greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere the Earths temperature would be to cold for life to
live on (climate kelpie 2016©). The greenhouse effect is a process that naturally warms the Earths
surface. It makes the Earths climate warm enough for life to live on.
The enhanced greenhouse effect is produced by humans, most of the energy that we consume emits
carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide emissions are blamed for the Earths average rising temperature
because of the increased concentration of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere (ozcoasts 2008©).
As shown in figure 1 the enhanced greenhouse effect absorbs too much energy from the sun causing
the Earth to warm up. Global warming is the term used to describe the Earths average increasing
temperature. Ever since the Industrial revolution in the 1800's the greenhouse gases have mad the
Earths temperature increase 0.9oC.
(Commonwealth of Australia 2015)
If these emissions keep being produced then there may be no turning back to the old Earth, instead
the Earth will be very hot. View points are

The Problem Of Youth Culture
Inhalants have been a problem in youth culture longer than one might expect in the United States. In
the 1950's it began to be discovered that kids were experiencing effects of getting "high" by sniffing
glue. Inhalants are very dangerous due to the fact they are a stealth drug. That is, they are mostly
substances that were never intended for human consumption. Moreover, the users can obtain a fast
high at home by telling their parents they are going to study; while disappearing into their room to
"huff'" an inhalant. Inhalants are difficult to regulate considering they do have practical uses for
particular purposes. Thus, most of the products used to obtain a high are not prohibited from sale in
the economic market. Inhalants are becoming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eighth graders have been identified as the number one age group to be involved with inhalant use.
Below is an excerpt from the Monitoring the Future Study: Trends in Prevalence of Inhalants for 8th
Graders, 10th Graders, and 12th Graders; 2014 (in percent).The following chart represents the usage
of inhalants among varying grades.
Time Period 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
Lifetime 10.80% 8.70% 6.50%
Past Year 5.30% 3.30% 1.90%
Past Month 2.20% 1.10% 0.70%
These numbers are nonetheless alarming to discover however, there have been many studies and
personal accounts to back up the above information. The article "Propellant Inhalation" explains,
"Eric Johnson, 13 years old was found by his teacher dazed and laying on the bathroom floor. He
had recently skipped school and been suspended for disruptive behavior. Later it was discovered
Eric had been abusing inhalants for several months" (Propellant Inhalation 1). Parents need to
become educated about signs that their child may be using inhalants to catch the problem early,
leading to the likelihood of rehabilitation. Keeping a watchful eye and communication between
parents and school officials is of paramount importance in dealing with any type of drug use,
including inhalants. The article "What's the Big Deal" by Kay Rizzo explains ways to indicate if a
child may be using inhalants, reporting, "Unusual chemical odor on the breath or

Sources for CH4 Emissions in the Algae Pathway, AD...
There are two potential sources for CH4 emissions in the algae pathway, the AD process and biogas
clean–up. Based on a literature review (Liebertrau, et al., 2010; Flesch, et al., 2011), we assume a
total fugitive CH4 loss of 2% for this pathway. Biogas flaring efficiency was observed to be less
than usually expected, averaging 81% CH4 combustion in the flare with a range of 48% to 99%.
This range is usually assumed to be 90% to 95%. However, the N2O emission from the N–
containing sludge was ignored because chemical fertilizers replaced by the biogas residue are
associated with the same issue.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soil Application of Digestate Solids
The nitrogen in the digestate might be converted to nitrous oxide (N2O), a GHG even more potent
than CH4, after application to soil. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) task force on
greenhouse inventories emission factor for direct N2O emissions from organic fertilizers is 0.01 kg
N2O–N per kilogram of applied N where each kilogram of N2O–N equates to 44/14 g of N2O
(IPCC, 2006). Direct N2O emissions from ﬁeld application of digestate were estimated in this
manner and added as a GHG burden. Emissions from transporting digestate to the ﬁeld assumed the
digestate was dewatered by centrifuge to 30 wt% solids.
Integrating all factors over 100 years, Bruun et al. (2006) computed that the scenario with digestate
substituting for a portion of the mineral fertilizer had additional emissions of 0.013 to 0.017 kg

The Environmental Impacts Of The Meat Industry Will Have...
It is no question that an adequate and nutritious diet is required for a high quality of life. With the
world's population on the rise, parts of the world not having access to a proper diet, it is necessary
that something be done to further prevent world hunger. There is not enough room on the earth to
sustain the world. Not only that, there are concerns over the environmental impacts that the meat
industry will have on it. Artificial meat is a relatively new technology with the potential to be able to
match and possibly replace regular meat in the distant future. The benefits could be monumental.
Artificial meat would use significantly less land, the environmental impact would be minimized,
and people would no longer have to breed and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nitrous oxide is an even more dangerous greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Even though nitrous
oxide makes up a small percentage of the total greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide has roughly 300
times the heat trapping capability to that of carbon dioxide. Artificial meat would eliminate all of
these issues. Lab grown meat takes up a fraction of the land, and it does not release greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere. With the world's increasing demand for protein as population increases,
artificial meat seems like a very viable option for the future. Another thing that is positive is that
animals will no longer have to be bred and slaughtered just for the purpose of meat. Opinion varies
on what humans should or should not be able to do to animals. Some people believe that humans
should not kill and consume animals at all, while others believe as long as the animals are treated
right they can be eaten. The idea of artificial meat would please the majority of the second group,
assuming they are treated correctly. We will only need enough animals to take a small sample of
tissue for the purpose of culturing it. There will no longer be an issue of what is or is not humane.
There will also be a drastic reduction in animal abuse. Information is lacking on the process of
removing the small piece of meat, but the damage does not kill the animal nor does it cause
permanent damage. The main issue that

Ketamine Helps Paramedica Presented with Difficulties of...
Trauma patients often present paramedics with difficult situations to handle. These patients most
likely have multiple injuries that the paramedic must treat including internal and external injuries.
The main concern in treating trauma patients is controlling the pain that the patient may be
experiencing while not compromising the patients hemodynamic and respiratory state. The most
common drugs used in pain management in the pre–hospital setting often cause undesirable side
effects, such as respiratory depression, hypotension, apnea, and bradycardia. All of these side effects
combined with a trauma patient who is already compromised can lead to a much bigger issue. What
if there was a drug that could treat the pain, calm the patient, and not cause the nasty side effects of
traditional pain management? Ketamine provides us the answer to this question.
Ketamine was developed in the 1960's as a dissociative anesthetic. In 1970 the federal government
for human use approved it.5 It became very popular as a battlefield anesthetic because of its quick
onset and ability not to knock out a patient's respiratory drive. The first evidence of illicit drug abuse
of ketamine was in the late 1970's and early 1980's on the west cost of the US.2 It can be know on
the street as "Special K, Vitamin K, Jet, and Super Acid."8 In its illegal form it is often used as a
date rape drug.2
Ketamine is a NMDA receptor antagonist, it works to antagonize or inhibit the action of

What Ways Do Practices Of Consumption Drive Ecological...
"In what ways do practices of consumption drive ecological degradation?"
The consumption of some goods and services results to ecological degradation more than we may
realize. The things that we purchase contribute directly or indirectly to pollution, climate change,
resources depletion and biodiversity loss. Ecological degradation refers to the "deterioration in
environmental quality from ambient concentrations of pollutants and other activities and processes
such as improper land use and natural disasters" (OECD, 1997). Ecological degradation is in most
cases a result of socioeconomically, institutional and technological activities. The resources that are
affected include water, soil and air. The degradation also impacts our wildlife, ... Show more content
Mining provides a number of jobs to a large number of people along with being a great source for
government revenues. Despite its great contribution to the economy, the effects that it has on the
environment appears to be of great concern. For example rainforests are a great and important
source of wood, oxygen and medicine for everyone. Rainforests in the amazon in particular are
known for its alluvial deposits of gold that are found at river banks after major floods and river
channels. In order for miners to mine gold, hydraulic mining techniques are often used. This method
involves the process of blasting at the riverbanks that results to irreversible damage to trees and
animals. Through the process of separating the mercury and the sediment from gold yielding gravel
deposits, miners who appear to be less equipped than industrial miners sometimes may ignore the
release of some of the mercury into the river. The mercury is then likely to enter the food chain
through water animals as well as their predators. "Highly compound cyanide is also used to separate
gold from sediment and rock. In spite of all precautionary measures, it sometimes escapes into the
surrounding environment" (Rose, 2012). Therefore those who consume fish might be at great risk of
contamination of such toxins. Chemicals such as sulfuric acid, cyanide and methyl mercury are
usually used in different

What Is Nitrous Oxide An Option For American Women?
A big question when for a pregnant woman is epidural or no epidural. There are many reasons that
go into that decision but one of the biggest is pain. However, there is another option that is
seemingly underutilized in the United States, nitrous oxide. According to Plenda (2014), between
50–60% of women in Finland, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom have been using nitrous
oxide as analgesia during labor for generations, yet only 1% of the hospitals in the United State give
it as an option. Nitrous oxide should be further investigated and possibly implemented as another
option for American women in the labor and delivery setting.
Opinion With Rationales
Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, is a colorless, tasteless, nonflammable gas. Most people
only think of it being used for dental procedures but the delivery mechanism in the labor and
delivery setting is different than the dental setting. For labor purposes, it is delivered through a mask
with a combination of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide. At this ratio, it is not an anesthetic; it is
an analgesic (Plenda, 2014). The mask is equipped with a scavenging system so exhaled gas goes to
wall suction not in the room. According to Collins (2014), the woman should begin inhaling
approximately 30 seconds prior to the onset of a contraction for it to be effective.
One of the requirements of using nitrous oxide is that the woman must be able to hold it up to her
face herself (Collins, 2014). These requirement is more of a feature because it allows the woman to
have more control in her birthing experience. "The degree of empowerment associated with the
self–administration is one factor that may be important in promoting and enhancing women's
satisfaction" (Likis et al., 2012). The woman controls her intake of the gas with how much and how
often she inhales. Not only can the laboring mother decide how much to use, but she can also decide
to discontinue using it if she wants to switch to another form of pain relief.
A benefit of nitrous oxide is that is has a quick onset and offset. It may help postpone narcotics or
avoid epidural yet if the women finds that she does not like nitrous oxide once she begins using it, it
is easy to stop and switch to

The Corporate Social Responsibilities ( Csr ) And...
Presentation
Deliberating with the rules given in the inquiries, the entire task worries about the Corporate Social
Responsibilities (CSR) and maintainability. As it is specified in the inquiries we 'll be discussing the
CSR and maintainability. The goals of each business while building up are to make the financial
conditions more grounded and to last nature for future era. Performing amid its normal exercises, it
is having negative effect in nature. In the event that these sorts of exercises are not lessened then it
will keep on effecting the earth. CSR worries about the obligations of the corporates towards the
general public. Manageability is indispensable to how the corporate work together, and they keep on
taking a stab at creative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So the partnership officials are capable of the general public not the entire business. The Corporate
Executive drove the business. They have the principle obligations towards their managers to make
the most benefit by performing best exercises for the business. Then the Corporate Executive, as a
man may have his own social obligation, which implies he doesn 't generally need to take after of
his proprietors. On the off chance that the corporative official 's moral qualities are not quite the
same as the business, he may consider his own advantage as opposed to for the business. Along
these lines, the stockholders, clients, or representatives ought to have the capacity to pick how they
wish to spend their cash in the business. It is then seen that the corporate official is going about as
an "open worker," as opposed to an operators of the partnership. This can prompt a loss of both
clients and workers if the corporate official 's activities diminish corporate benefit and the cost of its
stock. Friedman accepts, in a free society, "there is one and one and only social obligation of
business–to utilize its assets and take part in exercises intended to expand its benefits insofar as it
stays inside of the diversion 's standards, which is to say, participate

The Fuel Burning Of Coal Essay
Introduction:
"In 2015, the United States generated about 4 trillion kilowatthours of electricity.1 About 67% of the
electricity generated was from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum)" (What). This shocked
me to hear that statistic. I was aware that the United States does a lot of fossil fuel burning;
however, I did not know that we are so reliant on it. The website later said that coal alone is
responsible for 33% of the electricity generated in the United States. Coal has always intrigued me
since I was young and liked trains, in particular, coal powered trains. So I thought I would look into
some statistics and information about the burning of coal. Sourcewatch.org said that "Coal
combustion releases nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, mercury, and dozens of other substances known
to be hazardous to human health" (Air). There are plenty of chemicals out there that I have never
heard of, however, the three listed in the lines above, I have heard before. Although, I do not know
much about any of them; so I will look them up.
Nitrogen Oxides: "Nitrogen oxides are a group of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen.
Two of the most common nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. The chemical
formula for nitric oxide is NO; for nitrogen dioxide, it is NO2. Nitrous oxide, N2O, is a greenhouse
gas that contributes to climate change" (Tox). Nitrogen oxides do not appear to be the best chemical
for the environment as well as for people. Nitrogen

Multistep Lab
Title: Oxidation of Benzoin and Rearrangement of Benzil to Produce Benzilic Acid Abstract The
objective of the lab was to produce benzilic acid from benzoin. Benzoin was successfully oxidized
with nitric acid to form benzil. The percent yield of benzil was 59.26% and the melting point range
was 94.1–95.5°C. The literature melting point of pure benzil is 95°C, which indicates the correct
product was obtained. Benzil was then rearranged using potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid.
The percent yield of benzilic acid was 57.94% and the melting point range was 147.9–149.8°C. The
literature melting point of pure benzilic acid is 150°C; this also indicates that the correct product
was isolated. Crude products were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, 0.100 grams of pure benzil, 0.30 mL of 95% ethanol, and a spin vane was placed into a 3–mL
conical vial with an attached air condenser. The mixture was heated with an aluminum block at
100°C, while being stirred, until all the benzil had dissolved. Using a pipet, 0.25 mL of an aqueous
potassium hydroxide solution was added drop wise into the conical vial through the air condenser.
The mixture was boiled at 110°C while being stirred for approximately 15 minutes and the reaction
mixture changed from deep blue–black to brown in color. The vial was removed from heat and
allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was crystallized in an ice bath and the crystals
were collected over a Hirsch funnel using vacuum filtration and rinsed with ice–cold 95% ethanol.
The solid crystals were transferred to a 10–mL Erlenmeyer flask that contained 3 mL of 70°C water.
The flask was swirled while 0.50 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid was added to the flask. With each
drop added a white precipitate formed immediately. The solution was checked to have a pH of 2, if
it was not, more acid was added to the flask. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then
cooled in an ice bath. The crystals were collected by vacuum filtration using a Hirsch funnel and
rinsed with ice–cold water. The pure benzilic acid crystals were weighed and a melting point was
obtained. Results and Calculations mass of crude

Foundation Chemistry Past Paper
kirsty jones 32251 8151 Edexcel GCSE Chemistry/Science Unit C1: Chemistry in our World
Foundation Tier Sample Assessment Material Time: 1 hour You do not need any other materials.
Paper Reference 5CH1F/01 Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball–point pen. Fill in the
boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all
questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need.
Information The total mark for this paper is 60. The marks for each question are shown in brackets –
use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an
asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be ... Show more content
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............
............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . (d) (i) Chlorine can be obtained from seawater by using electricity. What is the name of this
process? (1) . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............
............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............
............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . (ii) Explain why you have to ensure there is good ventilation when you prepare chlorine in the
laboratory. (2) . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............

The Environmental Impact Of Factory Farming
The Environmental Impact of Factory Farming Everyday millions of people around the world sit
down to a meal composed predominantly of meat. Many of these people have no idea where the
meat came from before it reached the shelves of local grocery stores. Most of the meat and animal
by products found in today's grocery stores are produced from large scale farms, commonly known
as factory farms. These farms have replaced traditional small–scale family farms. Factory farming is
an unsustainable practise that puts the health of the environment at risk. Factory farming is a
commercial form of agriculture that uses extreme growing techniques to produce the greatest
amount of outcome for the least amount of cost. The main goal of these industries is to produce
enough meat, milk, and eggs for human consumption. To keep up with the with the growing demand
for animal products and by products, billions of animals are bred just to be killed in a few short
months. Every year 56 billion animals are killed in these operations. Farming has been around for
centuries; however indoor farming was only introduced in the last century. In 2005, 40% of all meat
was produced in factory farms and that number continues to rise at an astronomical rate (Cummins).
Factory farming is often referred to "confined animal feeding operations" or "CAFO" or for short,
showing that these animals are nothing more to them than profit (Cummins). The most significant
piece of evidence that factory farms are

A Research Study On Meat Consumption
Research question (modified):
Abstract:
In the next few decades, meat consumption is expected to increase. Currently, U.S is the highest
meat–consuming nation in the world. In order to produce meat, livestock has to be raised, fed, and
slaughtered. At the moment, livestock production is responsible for contributing to the negative
environmental effects because livestock production results in greenhouse gas emissions, livestock
production requires a lot of water, and livestock production takes up a lot of agricultural land. One
way to minimize the environmental damages of livestock production is to replace regular meat with
cultured meat. Studies that compared the environmental impact of cultured meat to the
environmental impact of regular meat were analyzed. The findings of few scholars who objected to
the idea of the cultured meat were also studied. Current research suggests that large–scale
production of cultured meat might not be feasible. Also, cultured meat may not be nutritionally on
par with regular meat and may pose health risks. To conclude, although there are environmental
benefits that can spring up from replacing regular meat with cultured meat, the complications and
the disadvantages involved with the science and the production of cultured meat outweigh the
potential environmental advantages.
Sai
Rhetoric
Date
Introduction
All wonderful things come at a cost. Ice–cream tastes very good, but it is not good for health.
Playing videogames can be a fun

Empirical Formula of Zinc Iodide
Experiment 9
Empirical Formula of Zinc Iodide
Objectives
Upon completion of this experiment, students should have learned:
1. The law of conservation of mass.
2. How to calculate an empirical formula.
3. The concept of limiting reagents.
Introduction
Synthesis and the determination of empirical formulas are two extremely important parts of
chemistry. In this experiment, you will synthesize zinc iodide and determine its empirical formula.
The molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element in the molecule and the
empirical formula gives the lowest whole number ratio of the atoms in the molecule. For instance,
the molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6 and its empirical formula is CH2O. For some ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, sodium chloride and sodium oxide should be and are NaCl and Na2O respectively.
Aluminum chloride and aluminum oxide should be and are AlCl3 and Al2O3. When there are
multiple oxidation states of a metal, more than one compound is possible. For instance, copper and
oxygen form Cu2O and CuO and more information are needed to distinguish between the two.
When naming a copper oxide, it is very important that the name distinguish between the two
possibilities [copper(I) oxide or cuprous oxide and copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide].
Care must be exercised as chemistry often contains wonderful surprises. Suppose the percent by
mass experiment for an iron oxide results in 72.36% Fe by mass and 27.64% O by mass. Following
the procedure above, results in a molar ratio of 1.296:1.727. Division by the lowest number, results
in a mole ratio of 1:1.33. For cases like this, the next step is to multiply by the lowest whole number
that converts each of the subscripts to a whole number. Thus the formula is Fe3O4. As iron has two
oxidation states (+2, +3), the expected formula is either FeO of Fe2O3. Anytime a result that is
inconsistent with expectations is obtained, the first and immediate step should be to recheck all the
data and calculations. In this case, the results are real and Fe3O4 is a known compound often called
magnetite. Understanding the oxidation state of iron in this compound

Research Paper On In Vitro Meat
LAYOUT FOR BROCHURE
Adele, Gioia, Eugenia, Catherine
TITLE:
IN VITRO MEAT
WHAT IS IN VITRO MEAT?
In vitro meat is an animal–flesh product that does not bring harm to a developed, living animal in
order for it to be produced. Every year, 10 billion animals are killed (this number is increasing) in
the US, just to serve humans needs. Implementing In Vitro meat into people's lives will allow people
to eat healthier, save lives, and will reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses. In theory, a single
cell of an animal can be enough to feed the whole population of the world with meat. Earth's
population is predicted to rise to approximately 9 billion, thus finding a sustainable system to
today's meat production is critical.
INTRODUCING THE PROBLEM:
Currently there are 7 billion mouths to feed worldwide, and that number will only increase to 9
billion by 2050. As a result, the demand for meat is expected to grow by more than two–thirds,
which means we will need to produce 70% more meat on the same amount of land currently being
cultivated and harvested for food production. 26% of Earth's ice–free surface alone is used just for
grazing livestock.
Traditional means of producing meat for human consumption suffer from inefficiency. On average,
animal protein production in the U.S. requires 28 calories of feed for every calorie of meat
produced, according to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become
another type of cell with a more specialized function. Stem cells are distinguished from other cell
types by two important characteristics. First, they are unspecialized cells that can renew themselves
through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity. Second, under certain physiologic
or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue– or organ–specific cells with
special

Vegetarianism Is The More Efficient Way Of Life
Vegetarianism is the more efficient way of life because it helps to provide more nutritional values
compared to that of a meat filled diet. "A vegetarian diet relies mainly on the consumption of
vegetables, legumes, grains, nuts, seeds, fruits, and mushrooms, along with the products made from
these plant–based foods..." ("Vegetarianism." Environmental Encyclopedia Paragraph 3). A
vegetarian diet consists of whole grain, fruits and vegetables, proteins, dairy, and fats; these are the
key components to the survival of an individual, and are a necessity in daily consumption by an
individual. Whole grains are important to a daily diet because they have shown to have a correlation
with the heart and diabetes. With daily consumption of whole grains, an individual reduces their
chance of stroke by thirty to thirty–six percent, their chance of type two diabetes by twenty–one to
thirty percent, and their risk of heart disease decreased by twenty–five to twenty–eight percent
("What Are the Health Benefits?"). For example whole grains, such as wheat, are great to include
not only because they help the heart and reduce diabetes, but they also have shown to impact
weight. With a daily intake of whole grain, an individual has a higher probability to be lean and
have controlled weight compared to an individual who does not eat whole grain on a daily basis
("What Are the Health Benefits?"). Within a vegetarian diet, whole grain is consisted highly within,
such as the flour consumed or the

Short Duration Of Action Potentials Essay
Rational
Systemically, the patient,CJ is stable, his arm is very painful, to the crew, CJ's injury is not life
threatening however the pain is real and precautions need to be taken to stabilise the limb and to
minimise nerve or soft tissue damage. Adequate pain relief is required. Nitrous Oxide,( commonly
referred to as Entanox) provides analgesic properties suitable for fast and effective pain relief .
Pharmacodynamics Administration of N2O is painless, with a rapid onset and a short duration of
action. The onset is approximately 1 to 5 minutes and the recovery time is 3 to 5minutes once the
gas has been with–drawn.( Pasaron R., Burnweit C. ,Zerpa J., Malvezzi L.,Knight C., Shapiro T.,
Ramos–Irizarry C., Velis E.) Inhaled N2O gas molecules are absorbed into the blood stream from
the lungs. As noted by Oglesbee, it provides sedation stabilizing the neurons in the brain to prevent
action potentials.
N2O has low solubility in blood and is transported in solution without binding to proteins. It
diffuses rapidly across the alveolar– arterial membrane and is excreted unchanged, mainly through
the lungs. ( S C Faddy, S R Garlick) Nitrous oxide may increase pulse rate and have depressant
effects on respiration.( BOC New Zealand data sheet.)
Refer to Figure three in Appendices for Pharmacodynamic

Life Cycle Assessment ( Lca )
1. Introduction & Background
The built environment as a whole is said to contribute about half the greenhouse gas emissions in
the world (UNEF 2007). Specifically, considering the less studied area of construction emissions,
research shows that this component accounts for as much as 11.7% of emissions inclusive of direct
and indirect emissions (Acquaye & Duffy 2010). As such it has significant impact on the
environment and represents a major opportunity to study potential reductions.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the techniques that is used in order to quantify and improve
the sustainability of buildings with respect to the efficiency of energy utilized in that building.
The energy emissions can be subdivided into embodied energy and operating energy based on the
energy required in the construction, operation, maintenance or demolition of buildings (Ramesh,
Prakash & Shukla 2010). Most of the emphasis in this research area has been given to the operating
energy of the buildings, although there has been some research that has been carried out on the
energy emissions due to physical waste arising from the renovation or demolition of the buildings
(Blengini 2009; Coelho & de Brito 2012). For example, NABERS is an energy monitoring program
that is being used in Australia to quantify operating energy.
Operating energy forms the vast majority of the greenhouse gas emissions in the life cycle of any
office building while the contribution of embodied energy towards the

Carbon Dioxide Methane And Nitrous Oxide Saltes From A...
Koster, E., Koster, K., Berninger, F., Aaltonen, H., Zhou, X., & Pumpanen, J. (2017). Carbon
dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a fire chronosequence in subarctic boreal forests of
canada. Science of the Total Environment, 601, 895–905. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.246
In the article "Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a fire chronosequence in
subarctic boreal forests of canada," the authors studied the effects of forest fires in Northwestern
Canada. Koster et al. focused on the effects that forest fires had over time, on three greenhouse
gases. There were three main hypotheses in the research paper: The increases of carbon dioxide,
methane and nitrous oxide will change as a consequence of fire and the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The biomass and density of trees surrounding each plot were also recorded. A static chamber
method was used to measure the fluxes of the three GHG. The method was carried out using a
closed cylindrical chamber equipped with a small fan, and gas concentrations were measured with
an infrared, non–dispersive scope. There were other more detailed, accurate methods used as well to
be more accurate with exact numbers for the concentrations of each gas. The concentrations of each
gas were compared between each location and results are as follows: As the thickness of the active
layer increased, all three greenhouse gas emissions increased. Carbon dioxide fluxes increased with
time since the last fire, with the 1969 fire area having the highest CO2 emissions, and the 2012 fire
area having the lowest CO2 emissions. Methane fluxes had a significant increase in the 1990 fire
area, and a lower influx in all other fire areas. Nitrous oxide had a high influx in every fire area
except for the 1990 area, where the fluxes were significantly lower. Addressed in the discussion, the
authors write about how their results indicate that areas affected by fire will take approximately 50
years to fully recover to their pre–fire conditions. As well, areas with a recent fire had much lower
soil moisture than areas with a long time since last

Acid Rain
Acid Rain Acid rain, to our eyes, is not much different from regular rain, but the contents of that
precipitation can be devastating to plant–life and ecosystems. Acid rain is formed in the atmosphere
when gases such as sulfur dioxide are oxidized; sulfur trioxide is converted into sulfuric acid by a
chemical reaction with water, or when nitrogen dioxide reacts with hydroxide to form nitric acid.
The most oxidation reactions are with ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and of course, oxygen. There are
many causes of acid rain, both natural and man–made sources of gases like dimethyl sulfide, which
is the most abundant biological sulfur containing compound, and also nitrogen dioxide, but some
sources are more plentiful than those. Different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When acid rain falls, the corrosive liquids physically change the shape of the active site of the
enzymes, therefore preventing them from breaking down the same substrates or producing the same
nutrients. When an enzyme is eroded by acid rain, scientists name those damaged enzymes
"denatured". The acid dissolves the nutrients that already exist in the soil which hurts the plants
right away and in the long run, but in addition to depleting the soil of nutrients, the acids can help to
mobilize poisons such as magnesium and aluminum. Acid contains hydronium ions which somehow
react with these elements and make them more available to plants, and since the plants are already
desperately trying to suck up as much water and nutritional substances as they can, they
unknowingly take in poisons. Forests inherit the damage in the soil, and especially the higher
altitude ones grab the acid directly from the clouds. The acid damages the leaves and limits a plant's
ability to photosynthesize. It also weakens the overall structure of the plant, which would make it
more venerable to disease and death, especially in colder climates. The forests that are damaged
eventually look like a graveyard of trees. There is little biodiversity in the surrounding area because
plants don't survive in the acidic soil, leaving the herbivores and omnivores with no source of food.
Acid rain

Global Warming And Climate Change
Global warming and climate change are very hot topics right now. Many are concerned with this
issue. It is constantly in the news and being talked about. One issue that always arises is the rising
sea levels. I decided to look more into the issue and see how bad it could affect us. I also wanted to
learn the biology and how rising sea levels work.
In order to understand how rising sea levels will affect us, we need to understand what the issue is
and what is causing it. The article "Rising Sea Levels May Disrupt Lives of Millions, Study Says"
which was published in the New York Times says that a new study says that more than 13 million
could be misplaced because of a rise in sea levels which is due to greenhouse gas emissions. This is
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So what are greenhouse gasses? Greenhouse gasses are gasses that block heat from escaping. The
earth is heated from the sun but some of that heat bounces off of earth surface and goes back into
the atmosphere. It should continue leaving the planet, however, the gasses block it and keep it inside
the atmosphere. This leads to a higher temperature on earth. Some of the excess gasses are natural
but some come from humans. There are many gasses that can cause the warming earth including:
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons along with others.
Nitrous oxide is one that is found in fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion which are all caused by
humans. Chlorofluorocarbons are synthetic compounds that are made and used for industrial
purposes. Since all the earth is getting warmer, the oceans will become warmer and it will also melt
glaciers and other ice. This will increase the sea level. It is important to note that some of causes to
the warming global temperature are caused by the sun, but a lot of it is still done by humans
(Climate, 2016).
Melting of glaciers and ice sheets creates an issue with the sea level and also has other impacts.
Scientist have been looking at glaciers and ice sheets over the last several decades and have seen
that many of them have been melting quickly. Scientist have studied the ice sheet in Greenland
which they have seen it

The Effects of Nitrous Oxide Essay
During the 1700's England was undergoing change and rejuvenation. The Queen had come to the
thrown and colonies were being developed. It was a time of invention and great strides in the field
of chemistry. During this period the demand for medical care was increasing as well as the need for
medical advances. Surgeries such as childbirth, teeth extractions, leg amputations, and even tumor
removal were being done in absence of any pain reliving substances. Many physicians and dentists
were curious as how to lessen the pain of their patients. It is no wonder that nitrous oxide was
discovered during this period, but as it came to be the discovery of nitrous oxide in regards to
medical anesthetic would be no easy feat.
Joseph Priestly was the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Humphries discovered that nitrous oxide actually had the ability to create a laughter effect.
Humphries began having parties in which nitrous oxide was used recreationally and passed around
like it were an alcoholic beverage. Humpry published his findings in a book called "Researches
chemical and Philosophical; Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide, or Dephlogisticated Nitrous Air and
its Respiration". In his book he wrote "nitrous oxide in its extensive operation appears capable of
destroying physical pain, it may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations3.
Although it is clear that Humphry's understood that nitrous oxide could be used for medical
purposes Davy never did discover the potential advantages of Nitrous Oxide beyond its Recreational
uses.
Gardner's Colton was the next to investigate the properties of this mysterious gas. Gardner Colton
was a medical student whom began giving lectures about gases, Nitrous oxide in particular. During
one of Colton's shows a man suggested that he do shows in which the audience could use the nitrous
oxide gas. Wells thought this to be a great idea. Wells had his first show at the Broadway tabernacle.
At Wells first show there was between three and four thousand people. Colton administered nitrous
oxide gas to those in the audience who wanted to try it. During this time he was able to assess the
effects of the guest amongst his audience. Wells found that nitrous oxide had widely diverse

Are Electric Vehicles The Future Of Automobiles? . Electric
Are Electric Vehicles the Future of Automobiles?
Electric vehicles have been increasing in popularity because of the manufacturers claims about the
vehicle 's so called, low emission rates. Big companies like Ford, Tesla, Chevy, and Nissan are the
main manufacturers of electric vehicles (Miret). People have been buying into the idea of helping
the environment and saving the world based on their claims. Electric vehicles have zero tailpipe
emissions but that is not the entire story. The main concern is how electric vehicles work, what type
of energy is used to charge the vehicle, and what emissions are released.
Electric vehicles are not designed for every driver. In 2015, the global sales of an electric vehicle
had grown by 72% (Miret). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Electric vehicles are a fairly new thing, so charging station are not always available and plugging in
at home can take hours compared to the one half hour it takes at a charging station. Electric vehicles
also have great benefits. Electric vehicles convert more than double of their power to the wheels
compared to a gasoline engine ("What Are Electric Cars"). Electric vehicles feel fast because the
power is delivered instantly to the wheels. Another benefit of an electric vehicle is they are virtually
silent (Wilson). Electric vehicles are good for city use, were the daily commute is short and access
to power is readily available.
Electric vehicles require electricity to charge their batteries. Electricity is produced by many
different types of power plants such as coal, nuclear, solar, wind, or hydro power. Coal power is
considered dirty because it release massive amounts of pollutants into the air. Nuclear, solar, wind
and hydro power are considered clean power types which release little to no pollutants into the air.
Coal is one of the leading sources of electricity and it also puts out the most greenhouse gases
(Biello). In the United States coal contributes to 34% of all energy produced ("Greenhouse Gas
Emissions"). 70% of all carbon dioxide released in the electricity sector is from coal power plants
("Greenhouse Gas Emissions"). This number would go up if more electric vehicles were used. The
main power manufacturing types vary from

Advantages And Disadvantages Of MAP Meat
Table 3. Properties of Primary gases used in MAP (adapted from Cruz–Romero and Kerry, 2017).
Gas Properties Use in MAP meat products
Oxygen Inhibits anaerobic bacteria
Moderately soluble in water and fat
Oxidises fat, myoglobin Avoids anaerobic growth
Maintain raw meat colour
Carbon dioxide Supress anaerobic bacteria
Highly soluble in water and fat
Acid taste at high concentration. Inhibits microbial contamination
Produce tight contact packaging
Nitrogen Inert
Low solubility in water and fat. Prevent collapse of packaging
Replaces oxygen.
There are other secondary gases like argon, Helium, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen
used along with the primary MAP gases. MAP packaging helps in extending the shelf–life of the
product by inhibiting the microbial growth and maintains the colour of the meat product when
compared with the product packaged with air i.e. normal packaging (Penney & Bell, 1993). Fig. 2
MAP packed Lamb Racks
The main disadvantage of the MAP packaging is that the presence of excess oxygen induces the
lipid oxidation that results in the rancidity of the meat generating the undesirable off– odours
declining the quality scale of the meat product (Renerre & Labadie, 1993). Reports show that the
lamb meat packed with 70% of O2 and 30% of CO2 can be stored for 8–9 days ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of the antimicrobial active packaging is to enhance the safety of meat products that are
highly susceptible to microbial contamination by prolonging the lag phase and reducing the growth
phase of the microbes (Han, 2000). The packaging materials can be surface modified, incorporated,
immobilised or coated to impart the antimicrobial activity. Basically, antimicrobial active packaging
can be classified into four different categories based on the application (Cooksey, 2001). They

The Acidic Environment Around Us
The environment around us is certainly acidic. Even though people often think the air around us is
neutral, the atmosphere naturally contains acidic oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur that can harm
our environment greatly. These oxides can be produced naturally and industrially. Sulfur dioxide is
produced when organic matter decomposes and forms hydrogen sulphide which then oxidises to the
oxide: 2H2S (g) + 3O2 (g) 2SO2 (g) + 2H2O. The natural sources of sulfur dioxide are in volcanic
gases, bushfires, sulfur rich geothermal hot springs releasing gases and the decomposition of organic
matter. The industrial sources of sulfur dioxide such as in processing and burning of fossil fuels and
extracting metals from sulfur rich ores such as smelting of galena for lead: 2PbS (s) + 3O2 (g) 2PbO
(s) + 2SO2
Nitric oxide is another oxide in the atmosphere that is formed when nitrogen and oxygen react due
to high temperatures of lightning: N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g). Other sources of nitric oxide from
industrial sources include the combustion of fossil fuels both in cars and in power stations. The
nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen in the hot engines. Another oxide that occurs in the
atmosphere is nitrogen dioxide which is produced after nitric oxide is produced by lightning and
reacts with the oxygen in the air: (2NO (g) + O2 (g) NO2 (g)), it is also released in large volumes in
the atmosphere by power stations. Nitrous oxide is an oxide that occurs on root nodules of legume

Acidic Environment
Acidic Environment
Oxides of non–metals which act as acids
Non–metals burn in air or oxygen to produce acidic oxides. The addition of water to soluble oxides
produces acidic solutions.
Oxides of non–metals which act as acids include:
* Carbon reacts with oxygen when burnt to form carbon dioxide which is acidic in nature. When
dissolved in water, it becomes H2CO3 (carbonic acid).
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) â†'H2CO3 (aq)
* Sulfur burns in oxygen to give sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide which is acidic in nature. When
dissolved in water, it forms sulfurous acid H2SO3 and sulfuric acid H2SO4 respectively.
[IMAGE]
SO3 (g) + H2O (l) â†'H2CO4 (aq)
Sulfur ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Electropositive behaviour increases from right to left across the periodic table and increases down
the column. As the electropositivity of the atom increases, so too the basicity of the oxide. The more
electronegative the atom, the more acidic the oxide.
Sulfur dioxide & oxides of Nitrogen
The oxides of nitrogen form naturally when lightning strikes cause nitrogen and oxygen in the air to
combine. Thus the nitrogen oxides become oxidised to nitric acid, nitrates and nitrites.
N2 + O2[IMAGE] 2NO
Nitrogen monoxide or nitrogen oxide can also be formed (industrially) in internal combustion
engines or high temperature combustion reactions in furnaces:

N2 + O2[IMAGE] 2NO
This nitrogen monoxide gas can further react with oxygen in the air to form brown acidic nitrogen
dioxide.
2NO + O2[IMAGE] 2NO2
Nitrogen oxides are soluble in water and have known contributions to pollutants (PAN) in
photochemical smog as well as its detrimental effects to animal respiratory systems. There are a
number of these such oxides including: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen
monoxide (NO).
Sulfur dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen profoundly contribute to the acidity of the atmosphere and
ultimately, the production of acid rain.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an acidic

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