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1] HOME TAB 2
2] 3
EXCEL 9
POWERPOINT 14
HOME TAB 14
TOPOLOGY 20
DISADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY 21
RINGTOPOLOGY 22
ADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY 22
DISADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY 22
MESH TOPOLOGY 22
ADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY 22
DISADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY 23
STAR TOPOLOGY 23
ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY 23
DISADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY 23
TREE TOPOLOGY 23
1] Home tab
The home tab gives you access to some of the most commonly used
commands for working with word 2013, including copying and pasting ,
formation , aligning pragraps and choosing document styels . the home
tab is selected by default whenever you open word .
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2]
Clicking on the insert tab will display the commands used of insert
objects into a word document there are nine groups availabele in the
insert tab and a comments option pages where you can insert new
pages or pages breaks tables . where you can insert a table into your
documents.
select the insert tab then click the header or footer command
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In the menu that appears ,select the desired preset header or footer.
The header or footer will appears .
To edit a content control field,click it and type the desired
information .
Select the insert tab then click online pictures
command.
The insert pictures dialog box will appear.
Choose bing image search or your one drive..
Press the enter key..
Select the desired image, the click insert.
The image will appear on the currently seclected side
Cover page
On the insert tab click ,cover page .
Click a cover page layout from the gallery of options .after you
insert a cover page , you can replace the sample text with you own
text by clicking to select an area of cover page. Such as title, and
typing your text.
Blank page
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To put a blank page into your word document, place the
cursor where you want the new page to begin and then
click insert > blank page. The blank page opens , ready for
whatever you want to add . another option when you need a
tittle space is to insert a page break.
Table
A table something you insert into your document, so words
table commands are found on the ribbons insert tab, in the
aptly named tables group. Only one button is in that group.
Click that button to see the table menu. Insert the table into
your document.
Hyperlink
Seclect the text you want to format as a hyperlink. Select the
insert tab, then click the hyperlink command.the insert
hyperlink dialog box will appear. Using the options on the
left size, you can choose to link to a file, web page, email
adderss, document, or a place in the current document.
Header
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Double-click anywhere on the top or bottom margin of
your document...
The header or footer will open, and design tab will appear
on the right side of the ribbon ...
Type are desired information into the header or footer...
When you finished, click close header and footer.
Design
Open your word document that you want to change the
design for. Now click on the “design tab”. You can apply
pre-made themes and page background or you can also
design your custom design. Apply a color, choose different
font,change photograph spacing etc..
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Layout
Select the page layout tab..
Click the orientation command in the page setup group.
Clicking the orientation command .
A drop-down menu will appear. Click either portrait or
landscape to change the page orientation..
The page orientation of the document will be changed.
References
Press<ctrl n> for a [new] document.
Move to the references tab and click on [manage sources]
Select the references you want in your new document from
the master sources on the left.
If you have a lot of references, you may need to use of the
search. Box or change sort by to year to tittel.
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Mailings
Mail mearge is a useful tool that allows you to produce
multiple letters, labels, envelopes, name tags, and more
using information stored in a list, data base , or spreade
sheet. When performing a mail merge , you will need a word
document (you can start with an existing one or create a new
one) and a rerecipient list , which is typically an a excelwork
book.
Review
If you do not see comments in your word document, access
the review tab in the ribbon . under the comments section ,
select the show comments button to activate it when the
button is grayed out, any available comments will show in
their own panel
View
The view tab has the following groups’ documents views,
show /hide, zoom,window and macros. In the document
views group , you cam use the following views as show
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Below in the rectangle : print layout , full screen reading ,
web, layout , outline and draft view.
Macros
Macros can be assigned to a quick access toolbar button or short
cut key . you can also press<alt f8> ( or use the [macros]
button on the VIEW tab) to dusplay a list of the avialable
macros. You can then select the required macro from list and
run it by default, macros are stored in the special normal.
EX”
Ctrl-A
Ab
EXCEL
Microsoft exel is a spread-sheet devoloped by microsoft for
windows , macos, android and ios. It feature calculation ,
graphing tools, pivot tables , and macro programming
language called visual basic for applications.
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Powerpoint
Home tab
Home tab is used to perform many of the comman tasks
such as changing fonts,cutting and pasting text and images
into presenttations, changing paragraph formats, drawing
objects, and editing text....
Insert tab
The insert tab is used to insert different features such as
table’s pictures, clip art, shapes, chart, page numbers, word
art , or headers , and footers into a presentation . the table
below descirbes each of the groups and button available in
this tab.
Design
The tab is used apply a design to a powerpoint
preserntation . it is also possible to make a changes to the
slide size, back ground , and other design attributes. The
table below provides a listing of the groups and buttons on
this ribbon. A description of each of the buttons is also
prvide.
Transition
Select the slide you want to modify.
Click the transition tab.
Locate the transition to this slide group . by default,
none is applied to each slide...
Click the more drop-down arrow to display all of the
trnsations.
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Click a transations to apply it to the selected slide..
Animation
You can add animation to grouped objects, text,and
more.press ctrl and seclect the objects you want.
Select format >Group>Group to group the objects
together. Select animations and choose animations.
Review
Microsoft powerpoint is a classic way to present
something in a digital form. I love using it and can
appreciate all the features it has. Being able to
present a topic easy and with smooth transation is
one of the best part about MICROSOFT
POWERPOINT . it is easy to use and has many
features.
View
When working with powerpoint this tab is used to
view the presentation in diffrent formats it is also used
to views more than one powerpoint window at a time,
or to decide whatere to display the ruler within the
window. This document lists each of the groups and
buttons on the ribbbon for this tab.
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Blogger
Blogger is an american blog-publishing service that
allows multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. It
was devoleped by pyra labs, which was bought by
google in 2003. The blogs are hosted by google and
generally accessed from a subdomain of blogspot.
Com
Screen key board.
Go to strart, then select setting> ease of
access>KEYBOARD,and turn on the toggle under
use the on-screen KEYBOARD,A KEYBOARD that
can be used to move around the screen and enter
Text will appear on the screen. The keyboard will
remain on the screen until you close it.
Home tab screen
Insert tab screen
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Format tab screen
Google apps
Google Apps are a suite of web-based messaging and
collaboration applications that Google hosts on their own
servers. Google provides these applications as a "service," rather
than as software to download and install.
Google app screen
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Q: what is cpu?1
Q: what is coppy2
?
Q: what is macros?3
Q: what is google app?4
Q: what is review?5
Q: what is mailings6
?
Q:what is blank page7
?
1 Cpu is brain of computer.
2 Clipboard.
3 Macros can be assigned to a quick access toolbar button or
short cut key
4 Google Apps are a suite of web-based messaging and
collaboration applications that Google hosts on their own
servers.
5 Microsoft powerpoint is a classic way to present something in
a digital form. I love using it and can appreciate all the features
it has
6 Mail mearge is a useful tool that allows you to produce
multiple letters, labels, envelopes, name tags, and more using
information stored in a list, data base , or spreade sheet
7 To put a blank page into your word document, place the cursor
where you want the new page to begin and then click insert >
blank page.
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Topology
There are five types of topology in computer networks:
Mesh Topology.
Star Topology.
Bus Topology.
Ring Topology.
Hybrid Topology.
.Network topology refers to how various nodes,
devices, and connections on your network are physically or logically
arranged in relation to each other. ... Physical network topology, as the name
suggests, refers to the physical connections and interconnections between
nodes and the network—the wires, cables, and so forth.Aug 15, 2019
Network topology
The configuration, or topology, of a network is key to determining its performance. Network
topology is the way a network is arranged, including the physical or logical description of how
links and nodes are set up to relate to each other.Aug 15, 2019
Types of network
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Advantage or disatvantage
1. It is easy to set up, handle, and implement.
2. It is best-suited for small networks.
3. It costs very less.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
1. The cable length is limited. This limits the number of network nodes that
can be connected.
2. This network topology can perform well only for a limited number of nodes.
When the number of devices connected to the bus increases, the efficiency
decreases.
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3. It is suitable for networks with low traffic. High traffic increases load on the
bus, and the network efficiency drops.
4. It is heavily dependent on the central bus. A fault in the bus leads to network
failure.
5. It is not easy to isolate faults in the network nodes.
6. Each device on the network “sees” all the data being transmitted, thus posing
a security risk.
Ring Topology
Advantages of Ring Topology
1. The data being transmitted between two nodes passes through all the
intermediate nodes. A central server is not required for the management of
this topology.
2. The traffic is unidirectional and the data transmission is high-speed.
3. In comparison to a bus, a ring is better at handling load.
4. The adding or removing of network nodes is easy, as the process requires
changing only two connections.
5. The configuration makes it easy to identify faults in network nodes.
6. In this topology, each node has the opportunity to transmit data. Thus, it is
a very organized network topology.
7. It is less costly than a star topology.
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
1. The failure of a single node in the network can cause the entire network to
fail.
2. The movement or changes made to network nodes affect the entire
network’s performance.
3. Data sent from one node to another has to pass through all the intermediate
nodes. This makes the transmission slower in comparison to that in a star
topology. The transmission speed drops with an increase in the number of
nodes.
4. There is heavy dependency on the wire connecting the network nodes in
the ring.
Mesh Topology
Advantages of Mesh Topology
1. The arrangement of the network nodes is such that it is possible to transmit
data from one node to many other nodes at the same time.
2. The failure of a single node does not cause the entire network to fail as
there are alternate paths for data transmission.
3. It can handle heavy traffic, as there are dedicated paths between any two
network nodes.
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4. Point-to-point contact between every pair of nodes, makes it easy to
identify faults.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
1. The arrangement wherein every network node is connected to every other
node of the network, many connections serve no major purpose. This leads
to redundancy of many network connections.
2. A lot of cabling is required. Thus, the costs incurred in setup and
maintenance are high.
3. Owing to its complexity, the administration of a mesh network is difficult.
Star Topology
Advantages of Star Topology
1. Due to its centralized nature, the topology offers simplicity of operation.
2. It also achieves isolation of each device in the network.
3. Adding or removing network nodes is easy, and can be done without
affecting the entire network.
4. Due to the centralized nature, it is easy to detect faults in the network
devices.
5. As the analysis of traffic is easy, the topologyposes lessersecurityrisk.
6. Data packets do not have to pass through many nodes, like in the case of
a ring network. Thus, with the use of a high-capacity central hub, traffic load
can be handled at fairly decent speeds.
Disadvantages of Star Topology
1. Network operation depends on the functioning of the central hub.
Hence, central hub failure leads to failure of the entire network.
2. Also, the number of nodes that can be added, depends on the capacity of
the central hub.
3. The setup cost is quite high.
Tree Topology
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Imagine a hierarchy of network nodes, with the root node serving client nodes,
that in turn serve other lower-level nodes.
Topology.
What is topology?8
What is tree topology?9
What is star topology?10
What is mesh topology?
11
8 Network topology refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your network are physically
or logically arranged in relation to each other. ... Physical network topology, as the name suggests,
refers to the physical connections and interconnections between nodes and the network—the wires,
cables, and so forth.
9 A tree topology is a special type of structure where many connected elements are arranged like the
branches of a tree. For example, tree topologies are frequently used to organize the computers in a
corporate network, or the information in a database.
10 A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually
connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. A star takes more cable than e.g. a bus,
but the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down.
11 Mesh topology is a type of networking where all nodes cooperate to distribute data amongst each
other. This topology was originally developed 30+ years ago for military applications, but today, they are
typically used for things like home automation, smart HVAC control, and smart buildings
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What is ring topology12
?
What is Disadvantages of Bus Topology?13
What is disadvantage of mesh topology?14
12 A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes,
forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring. Data travels from node to
node, with each node along the way handling every packet.
13 The disadvantages of a bus network are: if the main cable fails or gets
damaged the whole network will fail. as more workstations are connected
the performance of the network will become slower because of data
collisions. every workstation on the network "sees" all of the data on
the network – this is a security risk.
14 The cost to implement is higher than other network topologies, making it a less desirable option.
Building and maintaining the topology is difficult and time consuming. The chance of redundant
connections is high, which adds to the high costs and potential for reduced efficiency.
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1] Home tab15
2] insert tab 16
3] design tab 17
15
The home tab gives you access to some of the most commonly used
commands for working with word 2013, including copying and pasting ,
formation , aligning pragraps and choosing document styels . the home
tab is selected by default whenever you open word .
16
Clicking on the insert tab will display the commands used of insert
objects into a word document there are nine groups availabele in the
insert tab and a comments option pages where you can insert new
pages or pages breaks tables . where you can insert a table into your
documents.
17
