2. Contents
(Home tab) .................................................................................................................................4
(Insert tab)..................................................................................................................................4
Network Topologies ................................................................................................................23
Bus Topology.....................................................................................................................24
Advantages of Bus Topology........................................................................................24
Disadvantages of Bus Topology...................................................................................25
Ring Topology....................................................................................................................25
Advantages of Ring Topology......................................................................................25
Disadvantages of Ring Topology.................................................................................26
Mesh Topology...................................................................................................................26
Advantages of Mesh Topology.....................................................................................26
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology................................................................................27
Star Topology.....................................................................................................................27
Advantages of Star Topology.......................................................................................27
Disadvantages of Star Topology..................................................................................28
Tree Topology.....................................................................................................................28
Advantages of Tree Topology.......................................................................................28
Disadvantages of Tree Topology..................................................................................29
Hybrid Topology.................................................................................................................29
3. REFERENCE
Reference is defined as a mention of a situation. An example of reference is the mention
of a person's religion to another. ...
Reference means someone or something which is a source of information about a subject.
An example of reference is an encyclopedia.
Put your cursor at the end of the text you want to cite.
Go to References > Insert Citation, and choose the source you are citing.
To add details, like page numbers if you're citing a book, select Citation Options, and then
edit Citation.
4. .
Uses of Microsoft word
*Microsoft Word or MS Word (often called Word) is a graphical word processing program
that users can type with.
It is made by the computer company Microsoft.
Its purpose is to allow users to type and save documents Similar to other word processors,
it has helpful tools to make do MS Word is a popular word-processing program used
primarily for creating documents such as letters, brochures, learning activities, tests, quizzes
and students' homework assignments.
There are many simple but useful features available in Microsoft Word to make it easier for
study and work.cuments.
5. (Home tab)
In general, the home tab is a tab or button in an application or web page that returns you to
the home section.
2. In Microsoft Office, the Home tab is the
default tab in Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, and
other Microsoft Office products.
(Insert tab)
The Insert Tab is used to insert different features such as tables, pictures, clip art, shapes,
charts, page numbers, word art, headers, and footers into a document. The table below
describes each of the groups and buttons available on this tab. document
(References tab)
You can add a footnote to your document from the References tab.
It contains resources for researchers and anyone in the professional field.
The References Tab allows you to now create a table of contents, footnotes, citations,
cross-references, select MLA or APA or ISO formats and so one
(Page Layout)
Page layout is the term used to describe how each page of your document will appear
when it is printed. In Word, page layout includes elements such as the margins, the number
of columns, how headers and footers appear, and a host of to herconsiderations.
6. . (Mailings tab)
The drop-down contains the commands: Letters, E-mail Messages, Envelopes, Labels,
Directory, Normal Word Document and Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard.
Creates a form letter which you intend to email or print multiple times sending each copy to
a different recipient.
(Reviewtab)
This ribbon contains groups that can be used to check the spelling and grammar in a
document,
Add comments to a document track the changes in a document; compare two or more
versions of a document, or to protect a document.
(View tab)
The View tab in Microsoft Word 2007 has the functionality to change your
document views.
The View tab has the following groups: Document Views, Show/ Hide, Zoom, Window and
Macros. ...
This view can be used to see what your document will look like when printed.
Print Layout is also the default view of Microsoft Word 2007.
7.
8. Uses Excel
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program. That means it's used to create grids of text,
numbers and formulas specifying calculations.
That's extremely valuable for many businesses, which use it to record expenditures and
income, plan budgets, chart data and succinctly present fiscal results.
Here Uses of Microsoft Excel for Your Small Business.
1) Data Entry and Storage. At its most basic level, Excel is an excellent tool for both
data entry and storage. ...
2) Accounting and Budgeting. ...
3) Collection and Verification of Business Data. ...
4) Scheduling. ...
5) Return on Investment. ...
6) Online Access.
9.
10. (Home tab)
The Excel Home Tab is used to perform common commands such as bold, underline,
copy, and paste.
It is also used to apply formats to cells in a worksheet.
The table below describes the commands in each of the groups in the Home Tab.
(Insert tab)
The Insert tab contains various items that you may want to insert into a document.
These items include such things as tables, word art, hyperlinks, symbols, charts, signature
line, date & time, shapes, header, footer, text boxes, links, boxes, equations and so on.
(Page layout tab)
The Page Layout Tab holds all the options that allow you to arrange your document
pages just the way you want them.
You can set margins, apply themes, control of page orientation and size, add sections and
line breaks, display line numbers, and set paragraph indentation and lines.
11. (Formulas tab)
1. Insert Function - (Shift + F3). Drop-Down. ...
2. Name Manager - Displays the Name Manager dialog box. ...
3. Trace Precedents - Displays arrows that indicate what cells affect the value of the
currently selected cell. ...
4. Calculation Options - Drop-Down. ...
5. Euro Conversion - Launch the Euro Conversion Wizard.
(Data tab)
1. Insert Function - (Shift + F3). Drop-Down. ...
2. Name Manager - Displays the Name Manager Dialog box. ...
3. Trace Precedents - Displays arrows that indicate what cells affect the value of the
currently selected cell. ...
4. Calculation Options - Drop-Down. ...
5. Euro Conversion - Launch the Euro Conversion Wizard.
12. (Review tab)
Review tab contains the editing feature, comments, track changes and workbook
protection options.
These features make it easy to share the data with the proper information whilst ensuring
security of data.
a) Proofing: -We use proofing to correct the typo mistakes through spelling option.
(View tab)
The Show sheet tabs setting are turned off.
First ensure that the Show sheet tabs are enabled.
To do this, for all other Excel versions, click File > Options > Advanced—in
under Display options for this workbook—and then ensure that there is a check in the Show
sheet tabs box.
13.
14. Uses of Power point
Microsoft PowerPoint is a software application which is particularly used to present data
and information by using text, diagrams with animation, images, and transitional effects, etc.
in the form of slides.
It helps people to better understand the idea or topic in front of the audience practice
PowerPoint is a presentation program developed by Microsoft. ...
The software allows users to create anything from basic slide shows to complex
presentations.
PowerPoint is often used to create business presentations, but can also be used for
educational or informal purposes. Ally and easily.
15.
16. (Home tab)
The Home Tab displays the most commonly used commands.
In PowerPoint, Word and Excel these include Copy, Cut, and Paste, Bold, Italic,
Underscore etc...
The most frequently used commands, Paste, Cut and Copy, are the left most in the first
group in the Home Tab.
(Insert tab)
1. POWERPOINT INSERT TAB. The Insert Tab is used to insert different features such as
tables, pictures, clip art, shapes, charts, page numbers, word art, or headers, and footers
into a presentation.
2. The table below describes each of the groups and buttons available on this tab.
Group/Button.
(Design tab)
About the Design Tab. The Design tab consists of groups of commands that you can use
create, modify, manipulate, dimension, and analyze geometry. Clipboard Group. Use the
Clipboard commands to cut, copy, and paste entities in a layout.
17. (Transitions tab)
On the left side of the slide window, in the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs,
click the Slides tab.
Select any slide thumbnails of the slides on which you want to apply or change a
slide transition.
On the Animations tab, in the Transition to This Slide group, click a slide transition effect.
(Animations tab)
Select the text or object that you want to animate.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click an animation effect from the gallery.
...
To alter how your selected text animates, click Effect Options, and then click what you want
the animation do to
(Slide showTab)
From Beginning - Start the slide show from the first slide. From Current Slide -
Start the slide show from the active slide. ... Custom Slide Show - Drop-Down.
The drop-down contains the commands: Custom Shows. Custom Shows displays
the "Custom Shows" dialog box.
18. (Review tab)
When working with PowerPoint, this tab is used to check the spelling in the presentation, to
add comments to different slides within the presentation, and to protect the presentation so
that others cannot make revisions.
This document lists each of the groups and buttons on the ribbon for this tab.
(View)
When working with PowerPoint, this tab is used to view the presentation in different
formats, it is also use ruler within the window. This document lists each of the groups and
buttons on the ribbon for this tab.
19. BLOGGER
A blogger may refer to any of the following:
A blogger is a person who writes content
in a (Called a blog for short). Writing in a
blog is often referred to as blogging. For
example, if you have a blog on and create
a post about your day, you're "blogging"
about your day.
. Blogger and BlogSpot is also a service that
allows users to create blogs. Blogger was
originally started 23, 1999, and is now
owned by Para Labs on August
20.
21. Keyboard short curt keys and
screen keyboard
Alt + F--File menu options in the current program.
Alt + E--Edits options in the current program.
F1--Universal help (for any sort of program).
Ctrl + A--Selects all text.
Ctrl + X--Cuts the selected item.
Ctrl + Del--Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C--Copy the selected item.
Alt + F--File menu options in the current program.
Alt + E--Edits options in the current program.
F1--Universal help (for any sort of program).
Ctrl + A--Selects all text.
Ctrl + X--Cuts the selected item.
Ctrl + Del--Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C--Copy the selected item.
22. Importance of Computer
Computer has become very important nowadays because it is very much accurate,
fast and can accomplish many tasks easily.
Otherwise to complete those tasks manually much more time is required. It can do
very big calculations in just a fraction of a second.
Moreover it can store hug computer is an electronic device that manipulates information,
or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play
games, and browse the Web’s amount of data in it.
23. There are five types of topologyin computer
Networks:
Mesh Topology.
Star Topology.
Bus Topology.
Ring Topology.
Hybrid Topology.
Network topology refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your
network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each other. ...
Physical network topology, as the name suggests, refers to the physical
connections and interconnections between nodes and the network—the wires,
cables, and so forth.
There are four categories: Star topology, Bus topology, Ring topology and
Mesh topology. Hybrid combinations of these topologies also exist.
Star topology – all computers and devices are connected to a main hub or switch.
The configuration, or topology, of a network is key to determining its performance.
Network topology is the way a network is arranged, including the physical or logical
description of how links and nodes are set up to relate to each other.
24.
25. Network Topologies
Network topologies describe the ways in which the elements of a
network are connected. They describe the physical and logical
arrangement of network nodes
.
Let us look at the advantages different network topologies offer, and
their shortfalls.
Bus Topology
Advantages of Bus Topology
1. It is easy to set up, handle, and implement.
2. It is best-suited for small networks
3. It costs very less.
26. Disadvantages of Bus Topology
1. The cable length is limited. This limits the number of network nodes
that can be connected.
2. This network topology can perform well only for a limited number of
nodes. When the number of devices connected to the bus
increases, the efficiency decreases.
3. It is suitable for networks with low traffic. High traffic increases load
on the bus, and the network efficiency drops.
4. It is heavily dependent on the central bus. A fault in the bus leads to
network failure.
5. It is not easy to isolate faults in the network nodes.
6. Each device on the network “sees” all the data being transmitted, thus posing a
security risk.
Ring Topology
Advantages of Ring Topology
1. The data being transmitted between two nodes passes through all
the intermediate nodes. A central server is not required for the
management of this topology
.
2. The traffic is unidirectional and the data transmission is high-speed.
3. In comparison to a bus, a ring is better at handling load.
4. The adding or removing of network nodes is easy, as the process
requires changing only two connections.
27. 5. The configuration makes it easy to identify faults in network nodes.
6. In this topology, each node has the opportunity to transmit data.
Thus, it is a very organized network topology.
7. It is less costly than a star topology.
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
1. The failure of a single node in the network can cause the entire
network to fail.
2. The movement or changes made to network nodes affect the entire
network’s performance.
3. Data sent from one node to another has to pass through all the
intermediate nodes. This makes the transmission slower in
comparisonto that in a star topology.The transmission speed drops
with an increase in the number of nodes.
4. There is heavy dependency on the wire connecting the network
nodes in the ring.
Mesh Topology
Advantages of Mesh Topology
1. The arrangement of the network nodes is such that it is possible to
transmit data from one node to many other nodes at the same time.
2. The failure of a single node does not cause the entire network to fail
as there are alternate paths for data transmission.
28. 3 It can handle heavy traffic, as there are dedicated paths
between any two network nodes.
4Point-to-point contact between every pair of nodes, makes it easy to
identify faults.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
1. The arrangement wherein every network node is connected to every
other node of the network, many connections serve no major
purpose. This leads to redundancy of many network connections.
2. A lot of cabling is required. Thus, the costs incurred in setup and
maintenance are high.
3. Owing to its complexity, the administration of a mesh network is
difficult.
Star Topology
Advantages of Star Topology
1. Due to its centralized nature, the topology offers simplicity of
operation.
2. It also achieves isolation of each device in the network.
3. Adding or removing network nodes is easy, and can be done
without affecting the entire network.
4. Due to the centralized nature, it is easy to detect faults in the
network devices.
29. 5. As the analysis of traffic is easy, the topology poses lesser security
risk.
6. Data packets do not have to pass through many nodes, like in the
case of a ring network. Thus, with the use of a high-capacity central
hub, traffic load can be handled at fairly decent speeds.
Disadvantages of Star Topology
1. Network operation depends on the functioning of the central hub.
Hence, central hub failure leads to failure of the entire network
.
2. Also, the number of nodes that can be added, depends on the
capacity of the central hub.
3. The setup cost is quite high.
Tree Topology
Imagine a hierarchy of network nodes,with the root node serving client
nodes that in turn serve other lower-level nodes.
The top-level node is mostly a mainframe computerwhile other nodes in
the hierarchy are mini or microcomputers.
In this arrangement, the node at each level could be forming a star
network with the nodes it serves.In this case, the structure combines
star and bus topologiesand inherits their advantages and
disadvantages.
Advantages of Tree Topology
1. The tree topology is useful in cases where a star or bus cannot be
implemented individually. It is most-suited in networking multiple
departments of a university or corporation, where each unit (star
segment) functions separately, and is also connected with the main
node (root node).
30. 2. The advantages of centralization that are achieved in a star
topology are inherited by the individual star segments in a tree
network.
3. Each star segment gets a dedicated link from the central bus. Thus,
failing of one segment does not affect the rest of the network.
Fault identification is easy.
4. The network can be expanded by the addition of secondary nodes.
Thus, scalability is achieved.
Disadvantages of TreeTopology
1. As multiple segments are connected to a central bus, the network
depends heavily on the bus. Its failure affects the entire network.
2. Owing to its size and complexity,maintenance is not easy and costs
are high. Also, configuration is difficult in comparison to that in other
topologies.
3. Though it is scalable, the number of nodes that can be added
depends on the capacity of the central bus and on the cable type.
Hybrid Topology
A hybrid topologycombines two or more topologies and is meant to reap
their advantages.
Obviously, the advantages and disadvantages of a hybrid topology are a
combination of the merits and demerits of the topologies used to
structure it.
31. 1) What is Computer1
?
1 A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the
ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use
a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web.
32. 2) What is Excel?2
2 Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet or a computer application that allows the storage
of data in the form of a table. Excel was developed by Microsoft and can be used on
various operating systems such as Windows, macros, IOS and Android. Some of the
important features of MS Excel are: Availability of Graphing tools.
33. 3) What is power point?3
3 PowerPoint is a presentation program developed by Microsoft. ... The software
allows users to create anything from basic slide shows to complex
presentations. PowerPoint is often used to create business presentations, but can
also be used for educational or informal purposes.
34. 4) What is MS word?4
4 Microsoft Word or MS Word (often called Word) is a graphical word processing
program that users can type with. It is made by the computer company Microsoft.
Its purpose is to allow users to type and save documents. Similar to
other word processors, it has helpful tools to make documents.
35. 5) What Is the uses of BLOGGER?5
5 Blogger is an online content management system (CMS) that facilitates the
creation of informal online discussion sites, also called blogs. In order to use
Blogger, users must create a Google account; individuals with existing Gmail email
addresses can use this account.
36. 6) What is keyboard?6
6 A computer keyboard is an input device that allows a person to enter letters,
numbers, and other symbols (these are called characters in a keyboard) into a
computer. It is one of the most used input devices for computers. Using
a keyboard to enter lots of data is called typing.
37. 7) What is file?7
7 A file is an object on a computer that stores data, information, settings, or
commands used with a computer program. In a GUI (graphical user interface), such
as Microsoft Windows, files display as icons that relate to the program that opens
the file.
38. 8) What is MicrosoftOffice?8
8
Microsoft Office, or simply Office, is a family of client software, server software,
and services developed by Microsoft.
Developer: Microsoft Corporation
Software genre: Client
39. 9) What is Topology?9
9Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a
communication network. ... A wide variety of physical topologies have been used in
LANs, including ring, bus, mesh and star. Conversely, mapping the data flow
between the components determines the logical topology of the network.
40. 10) What are basics of computer? 10
10 BASIC (beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code) was designed at
Dartmouth College in the mid-1960s...… computer: Early computer enthusiasts.
