Advanced Fabric Preparation

1. PRESENTED BY
R.SWETHA
Assistance Professor in FT
Bon Secours College for Women
Thanjavur

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION OF FLAME RETARDANT.
 WHAT IS A FLAME RETARDANT?
 CATEGORIES OF FLAME RETARDANT.
 TYPES OF FLAME RETARDANT.
 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A FABRIC CATCHES FIRE.
 HOW DO FLAME RETARDANTS WORK.
 MECHANISM OF FLAME RETARDANTS.
 APPLLICATION OF FLAME RETARDANTS.
 DISPLAY OF VARIOUS FIER RETARDANT CLOTHS.

3. INTRODUCTION OF FLAME RETARDANT
 As the whole environment is going highly technical and risky,
the demand for specially treated textile such as flame
retardant fabric has grown significantly.
 Synthetic fibers plays significant role in this process. But these
fibers also prone to fiber.
 The textile industry has found the solution by developing
flame retardant finish for synthetic fibers like polyester
fabrics, nylon fabrics, polypropylene fabrics.

4. WHAT IS FLAME RETARDANT?
o Flame retardants are materials that have the quality of
inhibiting(or)resisting the spread of fire.
o The ignitable property of textile can be considerably reduced
by any one of the three methods
-by using inorganic materials such as Asbestos, Glass etc.
-by chemically treating the textile with flame retardant
chemicals.
-by modifying the polymer.

5. CATEGORIES OF FLAME RETARDANT
1. Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts
- made by passing phosphine gas through a solution of
HCHO+HCL.
- mostly used as flame retardants for textiles.
2. Minerals- asbestos, compounds such as aluminum
hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide
different hydrates, red phosphorus, and boron
compounds, mostly borates. Etc.
3. Synthetic materials- halocarbons include
organochlorines such as PCBs chlorinated, paraffins,
organobromines such as PBDEs

6. TYPES OF FLAME RETARDANTS
• There are many types they are;
1. BROMINATED flame retardants,
2. CHLORINATED flame retardants,
3. PHOSPHOROUS-Containing flame retardants(phosphate
ester such as Triphenyl phosphate),
4. NITROGEN –Containing flame retardants(i.e Mel amines),
5. Inorganic flame retardants,
6. Organo phosphorous ,halogenated organic & nitrogen
based compounds.

7. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A FABRIC CATCHES
FIER
• When a textile fabric exposed to heat sources.
— Experiences rise in temperature.
— High temperature-net rate of heat transfer to fabric is great.
— Pyrolytic decomposition of the fiber substrate occurs.
— Combustible gases+non combustible gases.
— Mixture yields a flame.

8. HOW DO FLAME RETARDANTS WORK
• Flame retardant chemicals
- inhibit or suppress the combustion process.
- interfere with combustion at different stages of the
process like during heating, decomposition, ignition or
spreading of flame.
• It can be understood by knowing how a textile is heated
up,catches fire &contributes in spreading it.

9. MECHANISM OF FLAME RETARDANT
• Flame retardants can act physically or chemically and
sometimes both by physically and chemically.
• The different mechanisms are:
 Endothermic Degradation,
 Dilution of Fuel,
 Thermal Shielding,
 Dilution of Gas Phase,
 Gas Phase Radical Quenching.

10. APPLICATION OF FLAME RETARDANT
— Flame retardant on fabrics applied through conventional
padding.
— Gives good results by following 30 to 60sec .
— pH of the pad bath is kept at 5.0.
— For cotton-pre condensate/NH3 process.
— For phosphonium-the same process applied after cured with
ammonia & oxidised into hydrogen peroxide.
— For tetrakis-pre acted with urea/another nitrogenous
material& pre condensate used.
— Softeners added with pre condensate .

11. DISPLAY OF VARIOUS FIER RETARDANT
CLOTHS
Fiberglass support and then laminated on one side with a
special aluminized polyester film Ideal cloth for heat resistant
safety clothing.
Effective for mid-range temperature
applications
Rated to 600°F (320°C)
Consistently higher
performing fabrics
Aluminized CARBO-FLEX has additional
protection against exposure to radiant
heat
)
Continuous protection up to
600°F (320°C