Solid Waste Management System, Classification- Types, Sources, Characteristics & effects of improper disposal of solid waste.

1. Solid Waste Management System

2.  Functional Elements of SWM
 Sources of Solid waste
 Types of Solid waste
 Municipal solid wastes
 Industrial & Hazardous Soild wastes
 Physical Characteristics
 Chemical Characteristics
 Biological Characteristics
 Effects of improper disposal
Contents:

3. SWM SYSTEM
Functional Elements Generation
Storage
Collection
Transfer & transportation
Processing & recovery
Disposal

4. Residential commercial Institutional
municipal Industrial Agricultural
Open Areas
SOLID WASTES BASED ON SOURCE

5. Residential
Commercial
Institutional
MUNICIPAL
SOLID
WASTE
MSW
 FROM DWELLINGS,APARTMENTS (leftover food,
vegetable peels, clothes, plastic ..
 FROM RESTAURANTS, MARKETS, STORES,
HOTELS. REPAIR SHOPS.
 EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS, OFFICES
(ADMINISTRATIVE) & PRSIONS (PUBLIC
UILDINGS).

6. Industrial
 PROCESS WASTES, ASHES, DEMOLITION &
CONSTRO WASTES, HAZARDOUS – INDUSTIAL
ACTIVITIES.
Agricultural
 FROM FARM FIELDS , ORCHARDS,
(SPOILED FOOD GRAINS, VEGETABLES,
AGRICULTURAL REMAINS..
Open Areas
 FROM STREETS, PARKS, BEACHES, RECREATIONAL
SITES, PLAY GROUNDS, VACANT LANDS…
Hazardous
 CHEMICAL, RADIO-ACTIVE, EXPLOSIVES,
BIOLOGICAL WASTES…

7. Municipal Solid waste – Residential & commercial areas
 Ashes & Residues (clinkers, cinders, fully or partially burnt matter.
 Food waste (rapid decomposition)
 Rubbish (cumb & non-combustible – except putrescible waste.
 Demolition & construction waste
 Special wastes (sweepings, dead animals, roadside litter, abandoned vehicles.
 Treatment plant wastes

8. INDUSTRIAL WASTES
 Slaughter houses
 Mining industries
 Metallurgical
 Chemical : refining,washing procedures
,equipment scrap,
 Cotton ginning, steel industries
 Thermal power plants
 Paper & aluminum industries
HAZARDOUS WASTES
 Chemicals (inorganic metals,salts,acids)
 Biological wastes (hospitals, bio-research centers.
 Flammable wastes
 Radioactive wastes & explosives
Characteristics:
ignitable, corrosive, reactivity & toxicity.

9. M S W T h e r m a l N u c l e a r B i o - m e d i c a l
A g r i c u l t u r a l R a d i o - a c t i v e
C o m b u s t i b l e
& n o n -
c o m b u s t i b l e
B i o d e g r a d a b l e
& n o n -
b i o d e g r a d a b l e
E - w a s t e s F i s h e r y w a s t e s B u l k y w a s t e s S t r e e t w a s t e s
D e a d a n i m a l s
A b a n d o n e d
v e h i c l e s
S e w a g e
w a s t e s
Types of solid wastes

10. Garbage consists of putrescible wastes
from household. -decomposable
Refuse consists of non-putrescible wastes
from house hold except ashes.
Ashes – due to burning of fuels like coal,
wood, dung…
Cinders are small pieces of partly burnt
substances like coal.
Treatment plant wastes consists f residual
sludges
Thermal wastes changes the ambient
water temperature

11. Physical characteristics
Particle size & size distribution
Specific weight
Moisture content
Permeability
Compressibility
Field capacity

12. Chemical characteristics
P R O X I M A T E
A N A L Y S I S
To determine
combustion properties
Moisture content
Volatile matter
Carbon content
U L T I M A T E
A N A L Y S I S
To determine
proportions of
C_H_O_N_S
C , H, & O indicates
combustion properties
N & S indicates
biodegradability
C/N ratio also imp for
biodegradation.
F U S I N G P O I N T
O F A S H
Temperature at which
ash further becomes
clinkers.(1100 to 1200
C)
E N E R G Y
C O N T E N T
Calorific value
M E T A L
C O N T E N T
Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, Mn,
Pb,…

13. Chemical characteristics (others)
Ph
Organic content
N-P-K
Toxicity

14. Biological characteristics
Lipids ( fats, oils, grease)
Carbohydrates (sugar & its polymers)
Natural fibers
Cellulose- hemi cellulose
Ligno cellulose
Amino acids, org acids, long chain fatty acids

15. Problems due to improper disposal
 A i r p o l l u t i o n
 Wa t e r & l a n d p o l l u t i o n
 O d o u r p o l l u t i o n
 B a d A e s t h e t i c s ( v i s u a l p o l l u t i o n )
 N o i s e p o l l u t i o n
 E x p l o s i v e h a z a rd s