My Views On My Land Ethic

My Views On My Land Ethic
When I think about what my land ethic a few different things come to mind. First I think about how
I love technology and how much my life benefits from having it. Second I think about my love for
nature, specifically hiking and camping. I try to image what my life would be like without the
Vermont mountains and everything else wonderful about nature. My ideal land ethic would be
similar to that of the time period when the US was first being settled. A time before the industrial
revolution hit the US, before all the devastation to the environment for the betterment of the human
race. My land ethic is a give and take with nature in order to sustain human life and the life of other
flora and fauna. Humans have a built in need to survive and a desire to thrive. This trait is ultimately
what has leas us to where we are today, destroying the environment for the betterment of people
now, rather than the betterment for the people in the future. My land ethic is too only take as much
from nature as needed without exhausting the resources in one single area. It consists of three main
ideas, take only what is needed from nature, if you take somethings life, then use all of it, and lastly
keep the waterways clean and pollution free. I imagine it from around the time of the colonization of
the United States or when people migrated west. People had what they needed for the most part and
they did not have all the technology we have today which allows us to destroy the environment. In
my
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Aldo Leopold Appreciating The Land Ethic Summary
Ethics Lab – Aldo Leopold: Appreciating the Land Ethic
Please answer the following questions:
1. Please state the "Land Ethic" (quote directly): "All ethics so far evolved rest upon a single
premise that the individual is a member of a community of interdependent parts. His instincts
prompt him to compete for his place in that community, but his ethics prompt him also to co–operate
(perhaps in order that there may be a place to compete for). The land ethic simply enlarges the
boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals, or collectively: the
land."– Aldo Leopold
2. Why is this ethic a new idea in western philosophy? This ethic is a new idea in western
philosophy because western philosophy has never had a concrete ... Show more content on
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I think widespread adoption of the Land ethic would be possible because we continually come up
with new technologies and farming methods that have less impact on the earth and are sustainable.
Some of the consequences would be the widespread abandonment of fossil fuels, a surge in
recycling materials, widespread use of farming techniques that fight erosion and use little pesticide,
and, an overall change in our current wasteful consumption patterns. Even though it would be
possible to adopt the Land Ethic I could see it being difficult because the majority of people in
western cultures would have to change their lifestyles dramatically to be in–line with the Land
Ethic.
12. How does the "Land Ethic" compare to the "Earth People Philosophy" of Wallace Black Elk and
traditional Sioux culture? (This question should only be answered after reading the Black Elk

Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac Essay
Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac
Although Leopold's love of great expanses of wilderness is readily apparent, his book does not cry
out in defense of particular tracts of land about to go under the axe or plow, but rather deals with the
minutiae, the details, of often unnoticed plants and animals, all the little things that, in our
ignorance, we have left out of our managed acreages but which must be present to add up to
balanced ecosystems and a sense of quality and wholeness in the landscape.
Part I of A Sand County Almanac is devoted to the details of a single piece of land: Leopold's 120–
acre farmed–out farmstead in central Wisconsin, abandoned as a farm years before because of the
poor soil from which the "sand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These dilemmas brought up in Part II make the Round River essays, inserted as the modern edition's
Part III, titled "A Taste for Country," particularly apt, because this is the section of the book that
deals primarily with philosophies. It is here that Leopold states that "poor land may be rich country,
and vice versa". It is here that Leopold introduces the concept, radical then but widely accepted now,
that the planet itself is a living organism and, through the natural cycles of earth, wind, fire and
water, continually replenishes its own means of remaining alive. The human role in this "Round
River" ecosystem is prominent, of course, and for thousands of years indigenous people depended
directly on the bounty of this natural system to supply their needs of food and fiber. Although
modern civilization has been forced by its increasing population to create artificial cycles, replacing
elk and deer and grouse with beef and hogs and poultry, and replacing the oaks and bluestem grasses
which fed the wild meat with corn and alfalfa.
And finally, Part III contains the essay titled "Goose Music," in which Leopold spells out his belief
that the earth was fashioned by the Lord God, the Supreme Artist after whose works all the art of
man has been initiated, and that every part of creation should therefore be held sacred. We may be

Ecocentrism: The Land Ethic Summary
Aldo Leopold was considered by many the father of wildlife, and cared for the wilderness system
throughout the United States. In "Ecocentrism: The Land Ethic", Leopold expresses the significance
of humans as members of a larger ecological community. He states, "All ethics so far evolved rest
upon a single premise: that the individual is a member of a community of interdependent parts . . .
The land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and
animals, or collectively: the land." Leopold claims that "The Land Ethic" is about how people
should have a deep, harmonious bond with Earth, instead of using it for our selfish, utilitarian
purposes. Leopold also states that people necessitate "The Land Ethic" to direct people on their way
to modernizing the Earth. For instance, when making changes to the land, one must be cautious not
to harm the land and its creatures. His rich ecological evaluation of anthropology ... Show more
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He states, "we can be ethical only in relation to something we can see, feel, understand, love or
otherwise have faith in." In other words, when humans experience emotion towards a subject, we
are prone to act appropriately and morally rationalize situations concerning that subject. He stresses
that humans must preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of our communities. Furthermore, "The
Land Ethic" is also based upon economic self–interest. According to Leopold, there are two flaws
concerning this type of ethic. He first claims that the majority of members in the ecosystem have no
economic value whatsoever. Thus, this ethics implies that members may be eliminated when in
reality they are essential to the health of the biotic community. Leopold continues by explaining,
how this form of ethics tends to relegate conservation required for a healthy

Norman Bowie's 'The Land Ethic'
According to Wikipedia a land ethic is a philosophy that seeks to guide the actions when humans
use or make changes to the land. Contrary to the three views of corporate responsibility, the
philosopher Norman Bowie believes that businesses have no special obligation to the environment
except those defined by the law. And dolphins should be considered to be non–human persons as
they are highly intelligent, almost identical to humans. Aldo Leopold tries to explain how we are
ethically and morally obligated to take care of our resources. "The Land Ethic" Leopold explains
how we have viewed the land as, "strictly economic, entailing privileges but not obligations". This is
the main statement he stated, and throughout the writing he elaborates ... Show more content on
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In our country law there is no business having obligation to protect environment. But a lot of
company are don't care about their moral responsible and it give more negative impact toward
environment. Good example would be toxic wastes cost them illegally to dump into the lake. All
these wastes had destroyed all the food chain system and the wild habitats in the country. This case
can looked in more theory who say that our tasks are more for protect human welfare and this idea
was know as "ecology ethic" or " ocean ecology" which state that environment must be protect,
regardless of either it gives direct effect to mankind or not. Dolphins should be considered to be
non–human persons as they are highly intelligent, almost identical to humans. It is because they
have a range of emotions just like us, therefore having different personalities. However, humans
don't realize these specific characteristics of dolphins and use them for their personal benefit. Every
human being has his/her own rights; consequently dolphins just being like human beings should
have their own liberty and self–determination to live on their

Aldo Leopold’S Essay “The Land Ethic” Was Published In
Aldo Leopold's essay "The Land Ethic" was published in A Sand County Almanac. The short paper
confronts the imperfections in the most common approaches in preserving the environment.
Leopold's answer is to develop a new branch of environmental ethics to model humanity's ever–
changing relationship with the environment. Leopold observantly describes the history of ethics, the
meaning of community with the land and why it's appropriate to do so. Toward the end of the essay
– as the reader is ready for Leopold to thoroughly explain his moral code – he ambiguously finishes,
"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community.
It is wrong when it tends otherwise" (Leopold, 224–225). The reader ... Show more content on
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Again, the reader turns to Leopold to provide a concrete ethical viewpoint. But this is nearly
impossible because Leopold doesn't have the answers to fix the biotic clock. Any viewpoint he
relays might result in complete failure.
Leopold is calling for a philosophical shift rather than a change in our actions. In the beginning of
the essay, Leopold references The Ten Commandments and The Golden Rule. The pair of ethical
viewpoints guides our everyday relationships in society. The Ten Commandments is a
documentation of ten moral rules that are set in stone (pun intended.) The Golden Rule is a single
principle of mutuality: treat others how you want to be treated. While one approach is only to be
obeyed, the other depends on deep self–reflection. To truly know how to treat someone, we must
think about consequences and respect one another. The land ethic is not a list of rules, which should
be taken for what it is, but an attitude that can change on a daily basis. Leopold seeks to reconstruct
humanity's ethical knowledge to its core. He observes the way humans interact compassionately, and
is determined to explain why it is important to extend this compassion to the environment. "It is
inconceivable to me that an ethical relation to the land can exist without love, respect, and
admiration for land and a high regard for its value" (Leopold

Domestic Animals and the Land Ethic: A Response to J....
Domestic Animals and the Land Ethic: A Response to J. Baird Callicott Preface Both "Animal
Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce" by Mark Sagoff and "All
Animals Are Equal" by Peter Singer seem to ignore a fundamental defining characteristic of
animals, namely their level of domestication. These two essays' assumptions and exclusions inspired
me to think more about domestication. Partially through the process of brainstorming and outlining
my arguments, I read "Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair" by J. Baird Callicott, which at the
very least dealt with domestication, but I found that his version of the land ethic dealt with wild
animals better than with domesticated animals.
Abstract ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pre–historically, there was a natural order of life where species and ecosystems operated on
competition, adaptation, and natural selection, which caused evolution on multiple scales. In many
cases, these species or systems co–evolved, that is, were symbiotically related through competition,
parasitism, mutualism, or predation. It's important to note that individuals' characteristics were
selected by natural conditions and by other species. However, these actions as a whole can be
considered natural selection, a more abstract generalization surely, but observed nonetheless. Human
hunting fell into this class of relationships (however technologically advanced it became, which is
another matter entirely). Humans hunted much like other predators, whom we have no doubt learned
from over a long time scale. So when a human chased down a deer and killed it for food, this was
still natural selection, but humans didn't remain content to hunt and gather food. At the evolutionary
point when humans started to domesticate animals, things all changed. Domestication: A New
Science
Humans started a process of domestication sometime in our evolutionary history, not only of
animals, but also of plants and the landscape. This process took these animals out of the control of
nature to a lesser or greater extent. Before going any further, I should probably make clear what I
mean by domestication or artificial selection (in addition

The Conceptual Foundation Of The Land Ethic
Land is something our world has always fought over. We, humans, claim land as our own property.
However, we forget that we still have to share our property with other organisms. Other non–human
mammals, amphibians, insects, and more also claim that land as their own too. Humans sometimes
forget that we are a part of something greater: the ecosystem. Ecosystems contain a multitude of life
forms. Each and every life form is important. I am against the first and second options. Allowing the
county to build amusement park or use it for hunting, camping, and hiking, provides only happiness
for humans. Anyone who approves such an option believes "animals exist only as means" for
humans (Kant 212). I strongly disagree that animals are only matter indirectly. As Regan states in
his writing, "each of us is a conscious creature having an individual welfare that has importance to
us" (Regan 87). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I am in agreeance with Callicott, we should leave nature to develop what it needs. In Callicott's
writing, "The Conceptual Foundation of the Land Ethic," he explains Leopold's thoughts about land
and how it is a community that holds all different types of things. Two theories, the evolutionary
theory and the ecological theory, were presented. The Evolutionary Theory says that there is a "link
between people and nonhuman nature" (Callicott 153). All organisms are connected in a community.
What happens to one organism affects another. The Ecological Theory states that each individual
"ought to extend his or her social instincts and sympathies to all members of the biotic community
thought different from him or her in appearance or habits" (Callicott 153). This establishes that
every organism should care about the sack of another life. That is why I believe that the forest
should be left alone. We as humans have already taken over so much of nature. There is no need to
destroy more of "integrity, stability, and beauty" the land has to offer

Why Should Balloon Be Banned
Balloons are a very enjoyable thing. But they might have a dark side. They are harmful to many of
our earth's environmental factors, such as, wildlife, natural resources, and toddlers could be very
affected by them as well. This is why balloons should be banned.
Balloons are a negative impact on wildlife. They effect a lot of sea creatures, because many sea
animals mistake them for food. According to the text, "dead whales and sea turtles have been found
with pieces of balloons in their stomachs." Birds are affected by them too. According to the article,
"Birds get tangled in the strings." When birds get tangled in these strings, it kills them because they
can't fly. When you let them go, as a tradition it affects wildlife in bad ways. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Helium is a very useful resource and balloons are taking way too much. According to the text,
"Helium is also a rare natural resource; the known supply of it on earth is limited." We could be
using it for many other things. According to Should Balloons Be Banned, "It even helps send
rockets into space" Helium is a recourse that we need to stop wasting on balloons.
Although balloons can be a fun party decoration, if you don't be careful when they pop, babies could
choke on them. According to the text, "Balloons bring people so much joy." But when a younger
relative has to go to the doctor because they swallowed bits of balloons, they might not be as much
fun. Babies could be harmed. According to the text, "Children can choke or suffocate on uninflated
or broken balloons" When you choke you could die. Therefore balloons are negative because they
harm babies.
In conclusion, balloons should be banned because they harm wildlife, they take up a natural
resource that we are running out of, and they kill toddlers. Although balloons are very fun to be
around, they are negative towards many other

Aldo Leopold's Sand County Almanac
Sand County Almanac
By :Mason Ostlie
Sand County Almanac was written by Aldo Leopold in 1949. He is a environmentalist and forester
and has helped out with many hunting and conservation magazines. This book is one of the most
inspirational environmental books ever created in the 20th century. It contains several of Leopold's
thoughts about his interactions with nature. Many of the main concepts and foundations of modern
conservation, ecology and land ethic can be found in this book.He explains what it means to be a
person of the land and that people don't care about taking care of the land. Everyone wants what's
most convenient for them and that we can use everything. Everything is here for the purpose to
make us happy. The Sand County ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The summary of Leopold's work is what should be admired, as Leopold was a pioneer in changing
the American view of the people's place in nature. One of my favorite quotes in the book was: "the
modern dogma is comfort at any cost", which is saying that to get comfort, you have to spend
money. Another favorite quote was: "is education possibly a process of trading awareness for things
of lesser worth?" What I got out of this is that it's saying the true definition of education and what
school is. Leopold's views on the world are very good and they show how much we don't think
about the world and the land ethic. Also, it shows how all we care about is comfort and convenience.
His view of being out with nature is also good because our world is filled with technology and many
people forget about nature and how important it is to us. The through–line that I think defines him is
Earth Keeper, his views of how technology and people hurt nature and how we need to protect it.
Nature is such a big part of our lives and we need to take care of the earth. A topic I was challenged
by is the whole aspect of is almost everything bad? Is all technology and photography bad?
Photography, I feel,

Impact Of Natural Resources On Economic Development
QUESTION 9
Natural resource and its effect on economic growth and dynamics of conflicts.
1.0 Introduction.
Natural resources are raw materials extracted from the earth. They are useful in many different ways
for its diversified opportunity of benefit and profit for economic development. Examples of natural
resources are mineral, oil, waterways, land, timber, diamonds, coals, coltan and genetic. Majority of
developing countries, distributions of natural resources vary from one geographic location to
another. The variability of location has caused greed and grievances in economic development. This
was attributed to more risk of conflict, weak governance, and poor economic performance.
2.0 Effect of natural resources on economic growth.
According to Collier and Hoeffer (2003), there are three major factors that depend on the primary
commodity exports such as income per capita, rate of economic growth, and structure of the
economy," the higher the rate of primary commodities exports the higher the level of risk of conflict.
Developing countries that are dependent on natural resources are more liable to terms of trade
shocks, which leads to instability and dissatisfaction within the groups that suffer the shocks. Since
natural resources are wealth and unevenly distributed causes the rebel groups ventures in various
forms of extortion, exploitation, and trade of primary commodity. The best–known types of conflict
are the diamond of Angola and

Summary Of A Sand County Almanac
A Sense of Wholeness "To love what was is a new thing under the sun, unknown to most people and
to all pigeons. To see America as history, to conceive of destiny as a becoming, to smell a hickory
tree through the still lapse of ages–all these things are possible for us, and to achieve them takes
only the free sky, and the will to ply our wings" (112). Nature is more than just beautiful, which is
unknown to most people. To understand the value of the natural world, is to have the will in a free
world. In A Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold uses a strong poetic sensibility, repetition of
words, and an implicit framework of the ecological and evolutionary theory to support his
observation that humans have a moral responsibility to the natural world.
Leopold uses a very strong poetic sensibility throughout his book. He is using these senses to
demonstrate the way humans have cared for, or even neglected the world around us. As Leopold
states, "Men still who, in their youth, remember pigeons. Trees still live who, in their youth, were
shaken by a living wind. But a decade hence only the oldest oaks will remember, and at long last
only the hills will know" (109). Leopold is observing the different generations using poetic
structure; demonstrating that the natural world changes over time, and we need to appreciate it
before it is gone. He is explaining humans have a moral responsibility to recognize and to be aware
of the beauty and the problems that nature encounters within

A Sand County Almanac Summary
Chimi Wangmo, Feb. 26th, Leopold, Aldo. 1949. A Sand County Almanac: With Essays on
Conservation from Round River. Ballantine Books: New York (1966) A Sand County Almanac was
written by Aldo Leopold. He was born in Burlington, Iowa, in 1887 and his book was published in
1949. Going through Aldo's inspirations on how to conserve and protect wild flora and fauna
teaches you the importance of how everything is interconnected to the natural world, and that
includes humans as well. Judging by his conscience towards nature, I would recommend this book
to another person because Aldo gives you the ideas of how conservation and the need for human
conscience towards the use of land effects in the present as well as future.
This book focuses on three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conservation is also the part of this section. Per Aldo, humans are part of the biotic community
because whether humans build houses, roads, schools, etc. we take part in the use of land like any
other living organisms on land. The author also tries to covey the importance of the 'Land Ethic' and
how following the law of nature would conserve the land. If we don't follow the law of the nature, it
would mean not only the destruction of environment and to endanger another living species, we put
our own life in danger as well. People are more concerned about how to profit themselves from the
land rather than how to conserve and protect the consequences the human will face in the long run.
It is written in the book that "It defines no right or wrong, assigns no obligation, calls for no
sacrifice, implies no change in the current philosophy of values. In respect of land use, it urges only
enlightened self–interest" (244). It is purely in our hand to develop or shape the ethics beyond our
own

Aldo Leopold The Land Ethic Analysis
"The Land Ethic" is an essay written by Aldo Leopald in order to convince readers of a new view
centered around the biotic community and the rejection of anthropocentrism. It continually supports
non–human life along with human life as long as it is beneficial to the biotic community.
1. Carefully explain what Leopold means by the land ethic.
When speaking of the land ethic, Aldo Leopold states that "A thing is right when it tends to preserve
integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it lends otherwise." This is
boiled down to a simple point saying that when something is eco friendly, it supports and is the
Land Ethic. However, if something fails to support the environment then it fails to support the land
ethic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He states "but just what and whom do we love?" before going on to say "Certainly not the soil...the
waters...the plants...the animals..." (p239) Aldo Leopold despises the destruction of the land,
therefore this glamorization of the land used in tandem with destruction provided for a very
disrespectful and paradoxical view of the land. Why does Leopold believe that a land ethic is both
"an evolutionary possibility and an ecological necessity?" Evolutionary possibility: an evolution of
the moral code. Now including non–humans. First ethic: between individuals.
Leopald believes that the land ethic is both "an evolutionary possibility and an ecological necessity"
because throughout the course of philosophy, there has been an evolution from first ethics which
"dealt with relation between individuals"(p238) to a land ethic which now focuses on the relation
between humans and non–human, morally considerable beings. This transition has been an
evolution of sorts and has allowed, for some people, to broaden the view of life, ethics, and how one
approaches different scenarios that involve multiple morally considerable beings. The Land Ethic is
an ecological necessity because at this point in time humans view the world with an anthropocentric
view. This has

Personal Land Ethic Essay
I would describe my own personal land ethic simply with my personal definitions of both terms. My
personal definition of land is a substance in which animals and humans utilize by physically walking
on. My personal definition of ethics is something (idea or belief) someone holds close to their heart
and is willing to protect completely. When combining both personal definitions of land and ethic, I
define land ethic as viewing land with the utmost respect, feeling passionate and taking action
toward sustaining or benefiting the lands natural state. When comparing my definition of land ethic
to Aldo Leopold's definition, it is evident to see that we are both thinking similarly. When defining
the land, Leopold includes soils, waters, plants and

Aldo Leopold A Sand County Almanac
A McVay
"The Land Ethic" Response
"One of the penalties of an ecological education is that one lives alone in a world of wounds. Much
of the damage inflicted on land is quite invisible to laymen. An ecologist must either harden his shell
and make believe that the consequences of science are none of his business, or he must be the doctor
who sees the marks of death in a community that believes itself well and does not want to be told
otherwise," said by none other, Aldo Leopold. In A Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold, an
American environmentalist, brought a new idea to the environmentalist's table: "land ethic." His
idea of a land ethic is a moral responsibility of humans to the natural Earth. Leopold's idea has been
discussed since the publication by a wide variety of people, from the public to scholars. Since ...
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Coming from an uncultivated society, such as the one that brought farming and ranching to the
settlement of North America, humans have retained some sensitivity to environmental issues as they
derived their livelihood directly from the land. But with the advance to an urban or metropolitan
society, there has been a major disconnect between humanity and nature. Today's urban society is
provided with mowed parks, paved playgrounds, plush automobiles to move the public around on
asphalt roads, housing with automatically regulated heat and cooling, and supermarkets with
shopping carts and baskets, in which people can gather their food supplies from orderly shelves and
freezers. Aldo Leopold's "land ethic" term suggests that humans stop treating the land as a mere
object or a resource, like how the world does today. For Leopold, land is not merely soil, like the
public would think of today; land is a fountain of energy, flowing through a circuit of soils, plants,
and animals.

The Land Ethic By Aldo Leopold Essay
Question 1 "The Land Ethic" written by Aldo Leopold was critiqued by J. Baird Callicott. "The
Land Ethic" in short explained the idea that humans are not superior to animals or species on earth,
but humans should live on earth as simple members. (Leopold, 2013) Callicott found three things
that lead to the confusion, contempt, and contempt of Leopold's writings. The first thing that
Callicott discussed in reference to the neglect of Leopold's writings was the fact that they could
actually be done in a phrase or even one or two sentences. Leopold generalizes Darwin's writings
and the extended paradigm. Leopold states that "all ethic's so far evolved rest upon a single premise:
that the individual is a member of a community of interdependent parts" (Leopold, 2013). Callicott
explains that this basic phrase comes up again in "The Land Ethic" multiple times. This theory
provides a link of the community concept that all plants, animals, and birds are interconnected with
earth other. (Callicott, 2012) The second thing that Callicott discussed is that Leopold departs from
contemporary philosophical ethics paradigms and patterns. "The Land Ethic" follows the paradigm
that was constructed by Charles Elton, but the fact is that the writings follow more in line with that
of F. E. Clements and S.A. Forbes paradigm. Leopold states that there are the same repeated
paradoxes, man versus the biotic citizen, land the slave versus the collective organism. The focus on
death and health of

Essay about A Sand County Almanac
A Sand County Almanac
Would I recommend A Sand County Almanac to someone I know? Depending upon who it was, I
would definitely recommend this book. I think I would suggest this book for someone who enjoys
the outdoors. But someone who does not appreciate the outdoors, in my opinion, would not get as
much out of the book. The reason I would recommend this book is because I thought it did a
splendid job describing the tinniest things and making them interesting. Who would have known
that reading about chickadees feeding or describing a bur oak would be interesting to read? The first
part of the book is broken down into months, while the final part really goes into Leopold's land
ethics. Parts I and II of A Sand County Almanac ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What exactly is land ethics? According to Leopold, "Land ethics expands the boundaries of ethics
by including soils, waters, plants, and animals," (Leopold, page 239). However, a land ethic cannot
prevent the alteration, management, and the use of the resources stated above. Basically, Leopold
states that land ethics change the role that we humans play from that of a land–conqueror to that of a
citizen and member. In class, we learned that land ethics imply respect for the surrounding
community. We as humans are important, and thus, have more responsibility to protect the
environment.
Leopold's land pyramid describes the hierarchical dynamics of the biotic community. Based upon
what we learned in class, a biotic community is the relationship between soil and animals. It is a
sum of all the parts within the community. The pyramid represents layers within the biotic
community. The bottom layer is the soil. A plant layer rests upon the soil layer, an insect layer lies
atop the plants, a bird and rodent layer rests upon the insects. The pyramid works its way up the
various animal groups until it finally comes to the peak layer, which consists of the lager
carnivorous animals. Leopold places humans in the top layer.
There was one idea in particular that really struck me in this book. Though it is merely a story in
part II and not a main

Ethical Issues In The Land Ethic By Aldo Leopold
Analysis of ethical issue In his 1949 publication titled, "The Land Ethic", Aldo Leopold argued that
the land ethic expanded the boundaries of the community to also include water, soils, plant and
animals. In the process, the land ethic shifts the position of Homo sapiens from being a conqueror to
being a citizen of the land community. The relationship that people develop with land in utilizing the
Yellowstone National Park would raise concern in the context of Leopold's view regarding the link
between land and people (Leopold). The management of pack usage and preference often raise
ethical concerns. When confronted with choices between preservation and recreation, recreation has
often been considered. Extermination of wolves would seem logical

Summary Of Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic
"Just because we can't share sell shares in nature doesn't mean it has no value" (Thomas Friedman).
Planet Earth, as we all know, is an astonishingly complex and delicate network of dependent
systems that have developed gradually over the past 4.6 billion years or so. Slowly, structured
elements we refer to as nature evolved into significant components of the earth. Ironically, humans
with their notably shorter period on earth have come to dominate and manipulate the landscape to
the point of environmental degradation. Aldo Leopold's "Land Ethic" addresses this issue by
challenging the way humans look at nature and its resources. He insists on the practice of moral
responsibility to land by enlarging "the boundaries of" our "community" alongside elements like
animals, plants, and ecosystems (Leopold, "Land Ethic") Leopold appeals to emotion by showcasing
the real value that lies within nature and its beauty rather than the economic value that creates only
selfishness in individuals. Virginia Woolf is also able to emotionally engage readers in her essay
"Death of a Moth" by depicting the real struggle between life and death with a Moth's struggle for
survival that ultimately ends with death. With her implementation of rhetorical devices, she's able to
provoke a sense of pity and emotional connection towards the animal. By looking at Woolf's essay
through Leopold's "Land of Ethic," the ability to see nature as an equal member of our community
rather than that of inferiority

Comparing The Land Ethic Vs. The Death Of The Moth
"The Land Ethic" vs "The Death of the Moth" "The Earth does not belong to us: We belong to the
Earth"–Marlee Matlin. In Aldo Leopold's essay, "The Land Ethic", there are several overwhelming
examples that illustrate why we as humans would believe we own the Earth when we really don't.
Paradoxically, looking at Virginia Woolf's work, "The Death of a Moth", one would come to believe
that none of that matters because all living beings will suffer the fate of death. However, both works
show that there can be a reconciliation between a certain kind of symbiosis: man vs man, land vs
land, or man vs land. "The Death of a Moth" may show that all life form end eventually,but "The
Land Ethic" convinces readers that there can be ways to maintain balance in the land that can
prevent death or ameliorate life for all before death. In both works, we can observe the considerable
similarities and differences, the balance between what is ethical and logical in how humans use the
land, and the management of life and assurance of death for all life forms. "The Land Ethic" mainly
focuses on how all beings should have value and respect for one another. Leopold states that the
land is not only comprised of humans beings, but also other portions of the Earth; of which ranges
from the soil and water to the plants and animals. " The Olabisi 2 Death of the Moth" conveys the
message that not a single being can compete with death; it focuses on death's

Business, Sustainability And The Natural Environment
Business, Sustainability and the Natural Environment, Daniel Katz During the past 25 years,
awareness of the environment has increased tremendously. Non–profit organizations look beyond
institutional goals, and instead, try to find a shared vision that works for everyone in the society. Our
society needs to stop consuming as if we have an infinite planet; we have to have integrity for the
world we live in because the natural resources that have been sustaining us will not last forever.
Companies need to evolve with the modern age and changing consumer market. For example,
Netflix never thought they would produce their own shows, however, with the changing consumer
market, they have done just that. Also, NGO's sometimes have to partner with bigger for–profit
companies in order to target a larger consumer base, thus, solidifying the fact that the for–profit and
non–profit sector have to team together in order to sustain the environment in which we inhabit.
Business, Sustainability and Poverty, Jacqueline Novogratz This plenary begins by stating that a
financial crisis occurs when people in the markets do not trust each other. Trust is what makes a
society fair. Corruption flourishes upon weaknesses in economic, political, and social institutions,
and this diverts economic growth by eroding the quality of public goods. In this age, income
equality has increased across countries due to globalization and technology; however, income
inequality within countries has increased as

Land Ethic Analysis
The land ethic is a way of living that shows us how our actions can have a positive and negative
impact on our surroundings. It is the idea of putting every single element in nature together as one.
Aldo Leopold explains how we have seen the trees as something "entitled to us and from which we
can get just an economical benefit" (Leopold 9). The author portrays in this line that we do not care
about our tress. Following the ideas of Jack Ewing in "Deforestation, Reforestation, Regeneration",
"How Much is a Tree Worth" and "Close Encounter in the Slow Line", as well as Aldo Leopold "
Good Oak" and Janes Goodall "Seeds of Hope", show us the importance of the effects that we have
on the trees and the effects that tress has on us. By realizing ... Show more content on
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Jane Goodall shows us in her essay "Seeds for Hope" how just one tree can give hope to the whole
society in their darkest moments. In the aftermath of the nine eleven attacks only one cherry tree
survived the attack. The tree became a symbol of hope and faith. Trees can be powerful symbols, as
a reporter remember "I ask him if he had any hope. He turn around and pointed to the cherry tree
"Look there" he said "that's what gives me hope". Goodall shows us how tress can be more than any
of us

A Sand County Almanac Analysis
A Sand County Almanac The first remark Aldo Leopold made that genuinely caught my attention
was during February when Leopold was talking about the spiritual dangers in not owning a farm.
Leopold discusses the work put into heating a house in the middle of winter. The cutting, splitting,
hauling, and piling of oak would make people realize the amount of work that goes into the comfort
of a warm house while most people sit next to a radiator and pay no attention to where the heat
comes from. Nevertheless, what the oak seedlings would have conquered in order to become a tree.
The oak tree has endured centuries of history before it could become a source of heat for a home.
The general population does not understand how much effort and time goes

How Traditional Māori Ethics and Values Have Been Applied...
How Traditional Māori Ethics and Values Have Been Applied in Contemporary Māori Land
Development
Tihē mauriora
The breath, the energy of life
Ki te whaiao, ki Te Ao Mārama
To the dawnlight, to the world of light
My understanding of the question is that I am to demonstrate my view of Mātauranga, (traditional
Māori knowledge) and Kaupapa Māori (traditional Māori ethics and values) and how they are
incorporated into today's world. I will be relating my interpretation specifically to sustainable land
development and the principle of Kaitiakitanga, that is, the guardianship of land and the
environment in current times. To accomplish this I shall first present my understanding of Māori
World View, define ethics and values and describe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In today's world it is also used in conjunction with past, present and future, local as well as
traditional knowledge (Landcare Research, 2014).
The European colonists of New Zealand did not recognise principles of Mātauranga Māori.
However, during the late twentieth century awareness has grown and it has become more recognised
and is now becoming incorporated into today's practices (Landcare Research, 2014).
Manaaki Whenua (Landcare Research) is a Crown Research Institute that is trying to understand and
incorporate the principles of Mātauranga Māori. They have produced many collaborative research
programmes with Mātauranga Māori woven in. These programmes incorporate Māori values in
relation to land use planning, ecosystems, wetlands, estuary monitoring and restoration. They also
include indigenous forestry and much more, for the purpose of ensuring sustainability for future
generations (Landcare Research, 2014).
The programmes developed have overcome complex and diverse issues using many epistemologies
(multiple philosophies) along with traditional methods to resolve them. Māori world view is that we
as humans are an integral part of the ecosystem which is inherent to whakapapa. This holistic view
often conflicts with scientific views, so the primary concern with these programmes has been to
create frameworks

Land Ethic: The Land Pyramid
The Land Ethic: The Land Pyramid Leopold writes in the section "The Land Pyramid" of the
interconnectedness of all biota within this pyramid and uses his research and knowledge of ecology
to explain and analyze human's disconnection or separation from the system. Leopold writes of how,
ecologically, we are all connected and displays how humans–as separate as sometimes understood–
are very much a part of this pyramid system. Leopold introduces and goes through the layers of the
pyramid, describing that these layers are not alike but are necessary for all others. "Each successive
layer depends on those below it for food and often for other services, and each in turn furnishes food
and services to those above" (252) which is a succinct description

Kantian Ethics And The Land Ethic
There are many portrayals of the apocalypse in modern media, depicting gory battles and desperate
fights for life. But what people don't consider is what happens after the initial destruction of
civilization. For Joe, that is the world he lives in. Joe, has managed to become the only human to
survive the apocalypse, and now lives the rest of his days by himself. Eventually and inevitably, Joe
becomes bored, and in his post–apocalyptic boredom, he decides to go on a quest to kill all animals
and plants left on earth. On the basis of Kantian ethics, Joe killing all livings things on Earth is
morally correct. The first reason this is considered right is because Kantian ethics follows the
Principle of Humanity. The Principle of Humanity states: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Land Ethic states that an action is right " if it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty
of the biotic community (leopold 6). The biotic community includes "soils, waters, plants, and
animals (Leopold 2)". When the Land Ethic is applied to Joe's action of killing all plants and
animals, he is committing a huge violation because he is not maintaining the balance and beauty of
the land, instead he is doing the exact opposite and destroying it by killing all living things. He is
also ignoring the holistic principle of the Land Ethic meaning that humans are a members of the
biotic community, not rulers (Leopold 2). When Joe decided to kill all living plants and animals, he
made his choice not as an equal member of the biotic, but as a superior being. He also broke the
Second Second Order Principle. The Second Second Order Principle says that stronger interests take
priority over weaker interests (Callicott 86). Stronger interests include things needed for basic
survival while weaker interests include less important needs or wants (Callicott 87). In Joe's case,
the plants and animals will to survive would be more important than his lack of entertainment.
Because of this, Joe broke the Second Second Order Principle, and therefore violated the Land Ethic
again. With this being said, according to the Land Ethic Joe was wrong, both when he decided that
he was above the rest of the biotic community, that fixing his boredom was more important than the
lives of all living organisms, and when ruined the stability, integrity, and beauty of the land by
killing all living plants and

Land Ethic Summary
Chapter four introduces the interdependent sequence of ethics. Ethics deals with the relation
between people, and the relation between the person and society in order to integrate social
organization to people. We then begin to question what is incorporated into society. Individuals are a
members of an interdependent community described as land ethic. Land ethic includes waters,
plants, soils, and animals as part of the community. Land ethic implies respect to fellow members
and the community. Individuals are part of a community of interconnected parts that whose
resources that we depend on in our daily lives. This ethic is introducing a theory that even though
we depend on nature and have the ability to use technology to capture, store, and use its resources,
does not mean we should simply continue to dominate over nature, raping it of its essence because
in the end it affects our community as well. Even though land ethic cannot change the use of these
resources but it supports their right to continue their existence in a natural state. Even though
humanity can conquer the land does not make humans any less of a dependent member ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can conclude that we are all interconnected in the web of life, humanity cannot survive without
nature as humanity would not be able to continue without women. Human existence depends on this
interconnected nature yet humanity seems to become more disconnected from these natural
components of life. Society dismiss the importance of nature and women to the point where
dominance over these two are socially accepted.People need to be reminded that we are all
connected through developing new theories of society by being inclusive, listening to diverse
perspectives, look for local solutions and unify community through social discourse. These actions
help break down walls of prejudice and build stronger bonds of

Human Pollination On Bees
Are we obligated to protect and secure the future of the bees? Humankind tends to take for granted
where our food comes from and do not think twice about it, let alone the process of pollination. The
manner in which we regard the bees not only has an effect on us but, it also affects a multitude of
species. However, we are able to do our part to lessen our negative impact on the bees. If educating
humankind would alleviate suffering of many species such as bees, we would then be obligated to
save the them. Bees are some of the most feared insects on the planet but aside from their sting they
are quite a complex and beneficial creature. There are over 20,000 species of bees on the planet
(Spivak,2013). They are often associated with honey however, they play a far more important role,
they pollinate. Bees are responsible for about 80 percent of pollination worldwide and a single
colony is able to pollinate upwards of 300 million flowers each day (Greenpeace.org). Although
there are ways for human pollination it is often a painstaking and time–consuming process. Studies
have also shown that human pollination is not as effective (Spivak, 2013)). With 90 percent of the
worlds nutrition dependent upon bees we need to support the bees with pollination
(Greenpeace.org). If we want to continue enjoying the many foods bees provide for us we ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first place we can begin is banning the most harmful and dangerous pesticides and use
alternative methods. We can also preserve wild habitats and provide native flowers as food for the
bees. Additionally, writing to local governments, protesting industrial building and waste and
educating yourself on the environment around you will also prove beneficial to the bees. Finally, we
can begin to restore ecological agriculture and encourage farmers to plant groundcover that bees use
for

Aldo Leopold And Schaeffer's Personal Land Ethic
Aldo Leopold and Schaeffer have both been key contributors to my beliefs and opinions and they
have helped me shape my own personal land ethic. In Leopold's essay titled The Land Ethic he
makes several great points. Among these I have found the community concept, substitutes for a land
ethic and the future outlook to be the most important. Leopold states, "All ethics so far evolved rest
upon a single premise: that the individual is a member of a community of interdependent parts"(p.2).
As humans we have a job and typically we show care for the things that we really like and enjoy.
But a question we need to ask ourselves is who do we love and what do we care about? We live in
community with everything around us including the plants, and all ... Show more content on
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I believe that we need to think of the Earth as a gift and a home. We must take care of our Earth but
our personal health must come before Earth's. Lastly, our decision making should be guided by the
Bible and my common sense. Our Earth is truly a gift and it is a good gift from God. Genesis 1:31
states, "God saw all that we made, and it was very good". We need to change the way that we look at
the Earth. Normally if we get a really nice gift we treasure it and do our best to protect it. This is the
same mindset that we need to have about our land. Secondly, we do need to recognize that we have
dominion over the Earth. God created us to take care of the Earth. In the beginning God created the
Heavens and the Earth and then he created man to be stewards of it. It is important not to get to
crazy and do things to harm the Earth but we must also remain healthy. Humans come before the
land and they always should. Lastly, when living on Earth we must make good decisions. These
decisions should be based on what our teachings tell us and our common sense. It is just common
sense that cutting down a tree or throwing a wrapper out the yard will harm the Earth. This semester
I have learned so much, and thought deeply about many topics. I know that the Earth is a gift and we
are so blessed to have this beautiful creation to live in. The many field trips that we went on made
me realize many things about our Earth that I didn't realize. Specifically the wastewater treatment
we went on made me realize how much waste we produce and it makes me feel like we are hurting
our Earth. Too often people don't think about the things that they are doing to our Earth. Psalm 8:6
states, "You made him ruler over the works of your hands; you put everything under his feet". The
Bible states many times in context that we are to care for the Earth we have been

Radicalism And Radical Environmentalism
Environmental writers have always written radically about the environment because that is what is
necessary. The difference between the radical ecologists of today is radical theory becoming radical
action. Henry David Thoreau wrote plenty of radical ideas, though his most often radical thought
comes from "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience". Civil Disobedience provides modern day activists
and ecologists with the foundation of why it is important think critically about government actions,
as well as showing readers direct action against the government. Thoreau contributes partially to the
eventual formation of the radical ecology movement in this sense. The other half of the ideology of
radical environmentalists was popularized by Aldo Leopold in Sand County Almanac. Leopold's
idea of a land ethic and biocentrism is the main ideology that drives radical environmentalists. Only
when Leopold and Thoreau are put together does a full picture begin to form of what it takes to
understand radical ecologists. Thoreau and Leopold lay the groundwork for creating the perfect
radical environmental movement; where Thoreau gives instruction on action against the government
and the majority, Leopold gives the radical movement the idea to act on, biocentrism. To understand
the conversation of radicalism as informed by Thoreau and Leopold, there are some ideas that need
to be defined. What does it mean for an environmentalist to be radical? Is radicalism the same as
terrorism? Radicalism is an umbrella term, often used in a myriad of ways. Analyzing the
environmental movement, radical ideology is the concept that the world is unsustainable, and the
ideas put forth to make the world sustainable require a massive shift in collective societal thought as
well as a massive shift in the way most communities, cities, states, etc. live (Sessions, 1995). The
shift in collective thought would be away from anthropomorphism, the idea that humans are the
most important thing in the world, towards biocentrism, the idea that all things in nature matter
equally. An idea, or action, can be radical without being violent towards living things. This is the
important distinction between radicalism and terrorism. For an action to be terrorism, it

Environmental Ethics And Aldo Leopold's Land Ethics
Wolves certainly are one of the most beautiful and high–in–the–food–chain predators. And it was
almost 30,000 BCE when mankind first decided to change those creatures' path: we domesticated
then, used them for transportation and, today, we call their latest offspring our best friends. If we
treat our puppies like human babies nowadays, some almost a hundred years ago we were barbaric
in our way to treat Yellowstone National Park's wolves: we decimated the park's wolf population
with the goal to protect park's visitors. What was clearly an anthropocentrist act is now being
corrected by the reintroduction of wild wolves into the park's ecosystem; based on Aldo Leopold's
Land Ethics, I believe that choice was an assertive one. Humans should do everything in their power
to exercise their unique rationalization capacity by valuing other creatures and promoting the
equilibrium between men and nature. As a trained forester who went through the Great Depression
od 1929, Aldo Leopold avidly wrote about all the ways he believed humans had failed nature in the
exploitation of its resources; he was the first one who discussed the importance of respecting nature
and keeping it wild. For this reason, the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy points the author as
the father of all environmental ethics; his writings influenced all the biggest discussions of
expansion of intrinsic value to any form of life and non–living things, that is, theories against
anthropocentrism ("Environmental

Animal Rights Against Animals And The Land Ethic
Drawing on animal rights claims, the questionable moral status of animals and the land ethic, this
essay seeks to argue that zoos; a place in which wild animal's are held in captivity, are inherently
unethical, because they violate the ethical and moral standard in which animals have a claim to.
Citing experts in the animal ethics field, this essay will be supported by firstly establishing that
animals do in fact have "animal rights" and similarly, that they have a claim to a moral status
relative to that of humans. Following this, this essay will show that the animal rights, which zoo
animals are privy to, allows us to set an ethical standard on which humans have a duty to treat
animals, especially when held in captivity. Analyzing this ethical standard with which me must treat
zoo animals, we can deduce that zoos are in fact not ethical in nature and in practice.
The starting point of this essay is to establish and lay out an animal rights claim. The point here is
not to solely list which specific rights animals have, as that goes beyond the scope of this essay, but
to discuss why animals do in fact have a claim to rights, and what this means for humans. The need
to understand the intrinsic, or inherent value of animals allows us to see the base from which their
claim to rights is derived. Inherent value refers to the idea that animals are valuable in themselves,
not in what they provide us. Tom Regan, an animal ethicist, sets out the moral grounding from
which we can

Land Ethic: A Sand County Almanac
The Land Ethics
Aldo Leopold lies out his most enduring notion, in the "land ethic," from A Sand County Almanac.
Land ethic is described as a moral responsibility between the natural world and humans. This essay
is extremely significant in today's society; particularly, topics in ethical sequence, community
concept, and ecological conscience are very critical.
An ethical sequence acts as a guide from the simplest ethics, which deals with the relationship
among individuals, to the relationship between the people and the various communities and the
interdependence of the humankind and the environment. Community concept directs people to
cooperate with each other for a mutual benefit that also has an impact on non–human elements like
water, soil,

The Land Ethic By Aldo Leopold
Personifying the Land
"We can be ethical only in relation to something we can see, feel, understand, love, or otherwise
have faith in"– Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac (251)
Aldo Leopold is on the forefather of modern environmentalism. His book, A Sand County Almanac,
is based on the notion of viewing land as a community and as a commodity. In the chapter "The
Land Ethic", Leopold invokes a rethinking of our relationships to our world and is based on the
principle that ethics are "a process in ecological evolution" (238). Leopold describes the stages of
ethic evolving and explains that the rules for socializing were originally defined for human beings.
These rules are expanded upon in the next stage of "Ethical Sequence" (237–238), describing how
humans interact toward their community. The third stage is the ethics between humans and the land.
Upon analyzing "The Land Ethic" I have come to the conclusion that in order to have respect and
ethic for land, or anything, one must make a personal connection.
Aldo Leopold laid the foundation for environmental awareness decades ahead of a "ecological
conscience" (257). There have many pleas to reconnect humanity with nature since the release of
Leopold's cherished book. Intuition and reason tell us that living in harmony with our world is more
than idealistic–the future of our planet depends on it. The desire for harmony is not new one.
Humans have long time sought to live in peace. It is genuine feelings of love and

Wakeboarding Essay example
Wakeboarding
Wakeboarding is a fun and challenging sport. A couple of years ago I was boating with some friends
when one of them pulled out something I had never seen before, a wakeboard. In the past I had tried
water–skiing and kneeboarding, but until then I had never heard of wakeboarding, I haven't picked
up a water– ski or kneeboard since that day. A wakeboard is shaped a lot like a snowboard. It is 150
cm long and about 60 cm wide. Riding a wakeboard has been compared to surfing, skateboarding,
waterskiing, and snowboarding. At first I was nervous about learning a new watersport at age 18,
because I remembered how hard it was to get up one ski. My friends convinced me to give it a try
and I loved it. At ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I first started going fakie it was like learning to wakeboard all over again. Just recently I have
gotten to the point where I can ride regular or goofy in any water conditions, choppy or smooth as
glass, and feel like I am doing well. Just recently I was able to land a jump that I started in the
regular position executed a 180 degree turn and landed in the goofy stance. This took me hours and
hours of practice, but overcoming the challenge was so exhilarating that it was worth the time and
effort, and made me even more excited about the sport. The next skill I have been working to
acquire is grabs. A grab is contorting your body into different positions then grabbing the board with
one of your hands while jumping. The most complicated grab that I can currently land is starting the
jump in the regular stance, while in the air I reach through my legs grab the back of my board and
execute a 180 degree turn landing in the goofy position. I'm excited about continuing to improve and
learning to tweak big air in this new and exciting sport. I am working towards a goal of being able to
land a backflip within the next year. Currently I am really good at landing on my head. But for some
reason when I am wakeboarding even landing on my head doesn't hurt. I am totally stoked about
this awesome sport that I have found, the thing that will continue to bring me back to boarding is
that it is a sport of never

The Restoration Of Glacial Park
When we arrived at Glacial Park, it was oppressively hot, and it stayed so throughout the day. We
were ushered into the visitor center where we met Dr. Tom Simpson, the research field station
ecologist. He gave an introductory lecture on restoration ecology in general, alluding to the
foundational UW–Madison Arboretum Project, and laying out challenges within the field. He
specifically pointed to how restoration projects can never be truly finished and how projects often
work to restore historical landscapes that are long gone. Then, he asked us to consider, in the face of
these challenges, whether ecological restoration is even worth the effort. With that question hanging
over our heads, we went into the field. Our task was two–fold; we ... Show more content on
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Our next activity, following lunch, was a nature walk through the park. Although the sun beat down
with a vengeance, we braved the heat in the name of knowledge. Dr. Simpson led us to a beautifully
restored oak savanna. After farmers had cleared the landscape for agriculture, MCCD has worked to
restore the area to an oak savanna, the historic ecosystem. Dr. Simpson said that there were more
oaks in the restored area than the reference ecosystem probably had. I was very impressed by the
project as there were massive oaks and a relatively good diversity of prairie grasses and shrubs
beneath them. However, Dr. Simpson asked us what was wrong with the restored system.
Bewildered, the group was unable to answer him. He revealed that there was a lack of small oaks.
Although there were plenty of established trees, the landscape was missing saplings, which is
problematic for the future of this ecosystem. Dr. Simpson said he would tell us later why he thought
this was so, but, as we ran out of time, Dr. Ohsowski eventually informed us that rodents were
preventing oak saplings from growing. Our walk continued through the park. We stopped and
examined different exotic invasive species, like multiflora rose and European buckthorn. Dr.
Simpson explained how multiflora rose was brought to the United States to be used as erosion
control. This harkened back to the original dilemma he posed. If

Command And Market Economies
The business environment uses several different factors of production which are defined as the
various useful resources that an economy utilizes to create goods and services for their customers.
The ADM1113 textbook (2016) lists in chapter one, five factors of production which includes
labour, capital, entrepreneurs, natural resources, and information. Firstly, labour is defined as the
"mental and physical capabilities of people" (Ebert et al. p. 5). Labour work is an important factor of
production since the company requires hard working individuals in order to run smoothly.
Additionally, these labour workers get paid with the capital the company has. Capital refers to
money and assets that a company has obtained to keep a business from going ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
There are several acts such as the Tobacco Act, which aims to protect consumers from the
harmfulness of cigarette smoking as cigarette smoking advertisement on billboards and in stores are
prohibited. There is also the Weights and Measures Act which "sets standards of accuracy for
weighing and measuring devices" (Ebert et al. p. 10). The Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act
which states that products must have accurate labeling requirements and prohibits misleading
representations of products. Additionally, there is the Food and Drug Act which is important for the
safety of individuals as it prohibits the sale of food products that contain poisonous substances or
harmful chemicals. Finally, there is the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act (2011), which states
that hazardous products must be labeled accurately with a poisonous, explosive, or corrosive sign.
Overall, consumers are protected by law and should feel safe and secure while buying and using
products that are on the market. These various Acts protect the consumer in case anything was to
ever go

Sierra Club: A Land Ethic
"A land ethic is a moral code of conduct that grows out of these interconnected caring relationships
(TALF)." Currently humans are using more fossil fuels then we ever had which is leading to the
destruction of habitats but also the extinction of thousands of species. Certain organizations are
being to fight the commercialization of America. Fossil Fuel companies are wiping out thousands of
ecosystems and species because of the increase of industry. There are three major land ethic
organizations like the Sierra Club, Bureau of Land Management and Ducks Unlimited which use
specific land ethics to represent their specific ideals.
The Sierra Club began with John Muir around 1892, with ideas centered on ecocentrism, which are
the ideals that places value on the natural environment and the importance to maintain habitats even
through human destruction. Even in the Sierra Club's mission statement, it describes the
responsibility of humans to protect the natural environment. The main goals of this organization
include "transition to 100 percent clean energy; maximize energy efficiency across all sectors,
including transportation, urban design and land use, etc." The foundation of this ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The BLM"s mission is to "sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of America's public lands
for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations." This organization works to protect the
natural environment while preserving it for the upcoming generations. Currently the organization is
primarily focused the west coast states and also Alaska. The National Conservation Lands "include
873 federally recognized areas and about 35 million acres of National Monuments, national
Conservation Areas , Wilderness Areas, Wilderness Study Areas etc." all of these lands are managed
by the Bureau of Land

My Views On My Land Ethic

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