Arthur Andersen Research Paper

Arthur Andersen Research Paper
One of the "Big Five" accounting firms, Arthur Andersen, provided top–notch auditing, consulting,
and tax service to several clients. Deemed as one of the leaders in the industry, Arthur Andersen
services attracted major corporations and individual clients. Slowly, however, Arthur Andersen
began to run their services with a greater focus on the clients' management and performance and less
on accounting standards and the investors' well being. In June 2002, everything changed. Arthur
Andersen became the first major accounting firm to be criminally convicted after being in "position
as one of the leading professional services firm in the world, with over 85,000 staff in 84 countries
and revenues in excess of $9 Billion" (Smith and Quirk 1). The company and its management began
to act unethically and irresponsibly with several clients that they had been providing both auditing
services and consulting services, a lethal combination. Ultimately, Andersen's role in the scandals
involving large corporations such as Enron, Waste Management, WorldCom, and Sunbeam led to
not only these companies' downfalls, but the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having offered consulting, tax and litigation services to WorldCom, it made it very difficult for
Andersen auditors to challenge WorldCom's management team on difficult and controversial
accounting practices. Arthur Andersen professional responsibility was compromised because of this.
The revenue gained from WorldCom made it difficult for the accounting firm to turn their back on
the company. For example, Arthur Andersen should have demanded evidence for why WorldCom
was making the adjusting entries that they were. The firm was receiving incomplete information
from WorldCom employees and managers and was not given access to computerized
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Analysis Of Wal Mart Corporation's Information System
As technology becomes more sophisticated the traditional way of recording and processing
accounting reports starts changing, and the most organizations are using computer systems for
maintaining financial records in its information system. When there are many business processes
like revenue, expenditure, conversion, and administrative process, that occur in the company, the
new data are captured and become input into the accounting information system. These business
processes are computerized work steps, and it can be controlled with effective and efficient
accounting internal control system, which will safeguard the company assets from any fraudulent
activities and ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data. Therefore, this research project is
going to address the study that made on one of the biggest corporation, Wal–Mart, and the
corporation's information system, organizational structure, revenues, accounting cycles, process
flowchart, risk assessment, internal control system and overview of component of company's
manual and automated information system.
Brief Summary of Wal–Mart Corporation Sam Walton was the founder of the Wal–Mart store and
who opened the first Wal–Mart store in 1962, in Rogers, Arkansas. Sam Walton's idea was offering
lower prices and great service; however, his competitors thought it would never work. It turned out
that Wal–Mart become one the most successful retail business, and the company went public in
1970 and since then the company had

Comparison Between Enron And Arthur Anderson
Enron and Arthur Anderson were both giants in their own industry. Enron, a Texas based company
in the energy trading business, was expanding rapidly in both domestic and global markets. Arthur
Anderson, LLC. (Anderson), based out of Chicago, was well established as one of the big five
accounting firms. But the means by which they achieved this status became questionable and
eventually contributed to their demise. Enron used what if often referred to as "creative" accounting
methods, this resulted in them posting record breaking earnings. Anderson, who earned substantial
audit and consultation fees from Enron, failed to comply with the auditing standards required in
their line of work. Investigations and reports have resulted in finger ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As competition increased and the economy started to plunge in the early 2000s, Enron struggled to
maintain their profit margins. Executives determined that in order to keep their debt ratio low, they
would need to transfer debt from their balance sheet. "Reducing hard assets while earning increasing
paper profits served to increase Enron's return on assets (ROA) and reduce its debt–to–total–assets
ratio, making the company more attractive to credit rating agencies and investors" (Thomas, 2002).
Executives developed Structured Financing and Special Purpose Entities (SPE), which they used to
transfer the majority of Enron's debt to the SPEs. Enron also failed to appropriately disclose
information regarding the related party transactions in the notes to the financial statements.Andersen
performed audit work for Enron and rendered an unqualified opinion of their financial statements
while this activity occurred. The seriousness and amount of misstatement has led some to believe
that Andersen must have known what was going on inside Enron, but decided to overlook it. Assets
and equities were overstated by over $1.2 billion, which can clearly be considered a material amount
(Cunningham & Harris, 2006). These are a few of several practices that spiraled out of control in an
effort to meet forecasted quarterly earnings. As competition grew against the energy giant and their

Computerized vs. Manual Accounting
King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsENGLISH 214:Academic and Professional
CommunicationSemester (113) | Term Report Prepared For : Mr. Nelson Title: | Computerized
Accounting should completely replaces Manual AccountingPrepared By : Ali H. Al–MuslimID#:
200628620Section# : 05SN#: 02Group#:01Word Count:1,333 | 10/7/2012
10/7/2012
Table of Contents
Table of Contents II Introduction 3 I. Manual Accounting 4 A. Benefits 4 1. Cost effective 4 2.
Availability 4 B. Limitations 4 1. Finding Errors 4 2. Time Factor 5 II. Computerized Accounting 5
A. Benefits 5 1. Speed 5 2. Saving Money 6 B. Limitations 6 1. Lack of security 6 2. External events
7 Conclusion 7 C. Summary. 7 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accountants need to know exactly the accounts that will be affected then prepare the journal entries
in the general journal. In addition, auditing is a time killer in this case. The auditor would go over
hundreds of pages which take hours to do.
II. Computerized Accounting
Computers play a big role in every modern business especially in the field of accounting.
Computerized accounting has become popular nowadays. According to Mr Avinash the
computerized accounting is highly demanded and it's continuing growing in all industries. Using the
computer would make it easier for accountants to do their job. However, Computers also have two
limitations that are not negligible.
A. Benefits
Computerized accounting provides us with two important benefits: 5. Speed Image3: computer can
speed up the process (OTS , ND)
Using the computer makes the process faster and what is taking hours can be done in a short notice
because reports and financial statements can be produced by the software .The software like MS
Access is designed to update the information in every related account by using the relationship
function that is installed in the software. "A computerized accounting system allows the user to enter
the transaction into the program once, and all accounts are updated as necessary." (Francis, ND). As
for auditing, it's easier for the auditor to go over all the information and if he knows an inaccuracy in
a certain

Is It A Standard System Used Nowadays?
Excel is a standard system used nowadays in many companies for accounting. The weakness of the
program is that users can modify or erase formulas by accident, and not be detected. Perhaps, the
program had errors in the results using statistical functions. Moreover, Microsoft was notified the
issues from many years, and they did not launch an update to fix the problems. Many employees
will try to practice fraudulent activities, especially in a company with poor security and control
system. There are few examples written of that fraudulent activity, which will help the reader to
understand the situations. Also, managers found that the implementation of accounting complexity
for financial reports, which will assist them to hide any possible ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Then computers were implemented, and Excel made accounting easy. Still, Excel needs for the user
to create spreadsheets required for accounting. Accounting evolved in the last years from manual
accounting to computerized systems. Excel, classified as a manual system in business, is not reliable
for real financial statements. Nowadays, financial statements require accurate information for
managerial accounting and Excel is not one hundred percent efficient. The software allows mistakes,
provides the manipulation of the accounts and makes it difficult to monitor or supervise the real
status of companies.
Using Excel allows mistakes by the users which will affect the actual reports. Nowadays, the
companies are working with two kinds of programs "close program" and "open program". Close
programs will track all financial activities, for example, inventory, discounts, accounts payable,
accounts receivable, cash and payroll; and obtain accurate financial statements. The close program
only lets the user input data transactions of the business, and it does not allow the user to make any
changes in the system. For example, QuickBooks is a great program for accounting, which do not
allow modifications to the system by the users. The program was designed to save time, money and
minimize errors from the

Business Case for Investment Essay
Business Case for Investment Business Case for Investment Learning Team A has been assigned to
put together research, facts, and supporting documentation for how an organization should consider,
plan for, and implement new technology within the business. The paper will examine different
technologies that are available to existing businesses and whether it is worth the effort, time,
planning, training, and mostly importantly cost, for the organization to implement any of these new
technologies. The assignment will consists of four major parts; prototyping environments and
processes, testing design to include procedures and standards, sources of accessibility, and
integration. A business case for investment will be made in favor ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The pre–processing module consists of geometrical properties and from there move on to computer–
aided drafting, or CAD repair, boundary, or physical property. If CAD repair is needed, then mesh is
the next step followed by domain. The computing module consists of numerical values which then
lead to solid mechanics, CFD module, or other domain solvers. The post–processing module
consists of visualization, data analysis, and performance analysis. Last, platform control consists of
PC's or workstations, SMP and MPP, cluster computers, and grids. All of this information is
gathered from the user's perspective (Zheng, Xie, Zou, Chen, & Zhang, 2010). HEDP is a great asset
to help reduce the confusion and complexity of design, through utilization of 3D virtual prototypes,
all while making the most of and distinguishing between the designs through large–scale
multifaceted simulations. This is a crucial element to have, as this type of prototyping can have the
ability to avoid the production of expensive physical prototypes (Zheng, Xie, Zou, Chen, & Zhang,
2010). Testing Design to Include Procedures and Standards A business case is a document prepared
when stating to undertake a project in an organization. This document is prepared for the purpose of
ensuring that resources and efforts used support a specific project to meet the organizational need.
An organization for example can prepare a business case in technology

The Role Of Management Accountants And The Past And Recent...
The role of management accountant has been attracting a lot of interest since the principle of
scientific management was published by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911, which marked the birth
of management accounting theory. When researching the roles of management accountant in both
past and recent years, it is obvious to find that things have changed a lot. This essay is going to
briefly introduce both the past and the recent roles of management accountants first. Then discuss
the reasons for management accountants' changing role. After that the analysis of the advantages this
changing role will bring about and the limitations it has will be given. Finally, some suggestions
about how to treat this changing role in today's economic environment will be offered.
In past years, traditional management accountants are "score–keepers", they provide information to
facilitate the process of assessing organization's actual performance against its planned activity
(Burns, Quinn, Warren, & Oliveira, 2010). They mainly make people do what they are expected to
do. While now they are acting as internal consultants of the company. They spend less time on
routine tasks and more time on giving advice to managers to help them to develop a business–
sensitivity in making decisions.
There are many factors facilitating the change in the role of management accountants. From external
aspects, firstly, with the rapid development in science and technology, more and more advanced and
easy–to–use

Lala
BS1 GENERAL LEDGER –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– In Partial Fulfillment To the
Requirements in Technical Documentation
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Submitted to Associate Professor
Domingo, Vivien, DBA Submitted by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He then says, this helps the company access information faster and takes quicker decisions as it also
enhances communication. In my career as an Accountant and Systems Implementer, most complex
and older accounting systems have been organized with independent subledgers and a general
ledger. The subledgers, typically invoices & receivables and vouchers & payables, are
independent entities that can be summarized and eventually posted to the general ledger. These types
of systems generally have a mechanism to batch data entry work so that it can be reviewed before it
is committed through a posting process to its subledger (Zigman, 2009). The two biggest advantages
of a computerized accounting system are speed and accuracy. When using a manual accounting
system, each step in the accounting cycle must be performed by hand. With a computerized
accounting system, the steps described above are completed with one entry. The journal entries for
cash and the electric company are automatically posted to their respective

Advanatges of Computerized Accounting
The Advantages of Computerized Accounting System
Speed and accuracy
Computerized accounting system for invoicing make the accounting process run faster and more
efficiently. Instead of using the old–fashioned manual paper and pen, you can print professional–
looking invoices fast. You even can send out invoices via e–mail. The faster invoices get out, the
faster you are likely to get paid. Many invoicing or billing software packages interface with the rest
of your accounting software, making the process of preparing invoices and recording them seamless,
fast and automatic. Computerized accounting programs are quicker as far as entering information is
concerned.
End–of–Period Reports
Computerized accounting packages will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Danger of computer fraud if proper level of control and security whether internal and external are
not properly been instituted. Computer systems are prone to damage like hardware malfunctions,
virus, etcetera, plus the data can be far more easily tampered with than the one written on hard
media, like paper records. Additionally, you need specialized personnel to handle these systems.
Facts
Companies using computerized accounting systems often face high implementation and
maintenance costs. Most business owners and managers are unable to update these systems on their
own, so they must contract with an outside agency to set up the system. Ongoing technical support
costs may also be necessary for these systems.
Training
When getting a new accounting system, there is always time and energy spent in training. After a
system is bought, then about every year new versions are released with changes that may need some
extra training getting used to. Some folks are just not "computer people" and take them lots of time
to be able to use a system.
Dependency
Computerized accounting is dependent on machines and other software to work properly. Often
enough if one thing is wrong with the computer, then there is no access to the software and work
cannot be done. Then time and expense are involved in getting all the system and software up and
running. But then, maybe the printer stops working.

Features
Computerized accounting systems typically require

Improper Building Maintenance Essay
In Malaysia, the idea of a specific and systematic facility audit for effectiveness, efficiency and
performance is in early stages (Musa, 2012). The awareness level from the society is very low. The
costly repairs and maintenance may be done as a routine practices, but when the economy is
booming only emergency maintenance and repair is attempted (Musa, 2012). (Zunguzane,
Smallwood, & Emuze, 2012) added that, the damages and costly repair works are the causes from
the improper building maintenance. This has shown us that the main concern was not executed for
the maintenance works for the available facilities in Malaysia.
The purpose of building maintenance is essentially to retain its values for investment, aesthetic,
safety, durability, with a view to ensuring that the property is fit for its purposes and to the
satisfaction of the owner(s)/users (Brennan, 2010). Furthermore, effective, efficient and quality are
essential aspects in the building maintenance. The non–perform of the significant aspects caused the
failure of a building maintenance. Zunguzane et al., (2012) describe the non–perform of significant
aspects caused the dissatisfaction of client and/or building occupants.
Moreover, the non–perform of essential aspects can result in delays in building maintenance projects
and the need for rework, which can result in a significant financial loss. Effective, efficient and
quality focuses on eliminating defects and variations and seeks to avoid waste of time,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Accounting System
Accounting is an essential part in order for a business to operate, no matter the size is big or small,
accounting is still needed and equally important. Basically, accounting is dealing with the records of
transaction made in a period of time, analyzing transaction patterns and doing records such as
payroll, and counting taxes. In the end of the accounting process can study the health and the
efficiency of the business studied by looking at the information. Accounting is applied to all
company because some of the company has to show certain financial information to the government
and public users; also, accounting is a tool to help us in some business decision–making.
There are generally two types of accounting system; they are manually ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, most big companies and firms now prefer computerized accounting system but small and
medium companied still prefers the manual accounting because it has lower cost.
The Malaysian Angel manufacturing company in Kota Kinabalu had been using manual accounting
records for more than 10 years, the new managing director then decide to change the old practice to
a new accounting system. There are a lot of benefits of computerizing the accounting records. Here
are some benefits for the Account Receivable area, Account Payable area, Inventory, Payroll and
Revenue Recording.
(i) Account Receivable means money owed by the customers, whether or not it is an individual or a
corporation. It is often called "Debtors". Debtors are person who owes you money in exchange for
goods and services that has already been delivered and used but hasn't pay yet. In a balance sheet,
account receivable is recorded as an

Accounting Information System
Table of contents No. | Title | Page | 1 | Question 1 | 2–3 | 2 | Question 2 | 4–5 | 3 | Question 3 | 6–7 |
4 | Bibliography | 8 | 5 | CD | 9 | 6 | Turnitin report | 10 |
Question 1
Mrs. Sally runs a bakery business, Sweet Delight which caters to both individuals and businesses.
However, there are some flaws found in her current sales system that caused a loss of significant
amount of money. Hoping that she's able to improve her cash flow, there are some weaknesses
highlighted in her current practice. i) Poor online ordering.
Having an online catalogue is beneficial for businesses today. It gives the owner slight edge and
greater opportunity against their competitors. Most customer nowadays prefer online ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The need to settle off the overwhelming orders might affect the next orders in line as they are taking
longer times to settle the current orders. They might not be able to finish the orders on the agreed
date.
iii) Credit collection practice.
An invoice is a document that shows how much a buyer owes to the seller. Sales invoice indicates
that the sale has been done but the company has not received the cash yet (Conjecture Corporation,
2013). Mrs. Sally prepared her customer invoices at the end of each month. This method is
considered as inefficient as taking a longer time to issue invoice will result in poor cash flow. The
income statements may show a high sales but the company cash flow is affected due to increase in
debtors account. Furthermore, the company also might have risk of bad debts. For instance, when
Mrs. Sally issues a customer an invoice at the end of this month, the customer might not pay her
right away instead they pay at the end of the following month of invoice date.
Question 2
By analyzing the weaknesses in Mrs. Sally current practices, there are several improvement that can
be done to enhance the performance of the business. i) Set up e–payment processing network
Connecting a business website to online payment processing network is no easy task and beyond the
skill and technical resources of most business operating online. Instead, there is easy and
inexpensive way for getting business transactions online

Ais Assignment
Now a days surfing and Snow ski are the most popular game in the world. That's child to old people
like this game. It makes human's body fitness as well mood fresh.In austtralia there is alots place
where we can surfing.. like .. bondi beach, coooge, manly, bla bla. Around that place there is some
store we can get surfing and ski zone equipment. According to your desire size, length, wide, surfing
boad etc.
According to the article, there is one business man ( Andrew) who has surfing and ski zone store in
bondi beach area. He has separate office to see other store, as well figure the sale forecasting and
monitoring all three store,however, In peak season there is alots of staff to help the customer about
wht they wanted to buy , wht ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Payroll;
According to the article's , payroll related problems will comes because Andrew prepares the wages
through, how many hours staff member working in the store using spreadsheet an a writes up
cheques for payment.it takes too much times making cheques for each of worker and go to store by
store to handed to them. Sometime supervisor makes ghost employees and paid to them through the
cheque. The owner doesnot know about that because how many fulltime and part time staff working
in this store.
For the solution of this kinds of problems, Andrew should make payment through directly bank
accounts to their staff member. It is safer ways of payment as well it is very fast than cheque.
So inorder to get a perfect solution Andrew needs to apply computerized accounting information
system. From which he will get most of operating inconvenience. There are a lot of advantages of
computerized accounting system than manual accounting system. It reduces the error and time
consuming.We know that computerized accounting is a great world by given a perfect idea of
accounting practices with an unparallel efficiency and accuracy.The modern computerized
accounting consists of six major component which are;
1.people
2.procedure
3.Data
4.software
5.Information

Financial Systems and Auditing
|NAME OF STUDENT |Hoang Ngoc Bich | |REGISTRATION NO. |3052 | |UNIT TITLE |Unit 11:
Financial Systems and Auditing | |ASSIGNMENT TITLE |Accounting and Management Control
Systems | |ASSIGNMENT NO |1 of 2 | |SUBMISSION DEADLINE |Oct 26 2009 ... Show more
Statements such as Profit & Lost account (Income statement) and Balance Sheet will be sent to
interested parties who concern about company's affair. [pic] Figure 1: Accounting recording process
Summarized from Unit 10: Financial reporting (2004) _ BPP Professional Education 1 Source data
Sales order received by the company is the paper which shows the goods customer wants to buy.
Millennium will provide goods for the customer based on the required quantity in this order. In
contrary, Purchase order is document which Millennium sent to supplier when the company needs to
buy materials. After the order is sent, the suppliers will provide goods for customers along with an
invoice. The invoice consists of information such as name of supplier, date, quantity, unit price and
total price of goods. The receiver will check the delivered goods, and issue Good Received Note to
confirm that they matched with the purchase order. After that, the buyer will make payment at once
or gradually. If the buyer detects some problems with certain amount of goods, such goods will be
returned to the supplier. The buyer will issue a debit note, which show the reduction of goods owed
to the supplier. If the supplier confirms, the credit note will sent back to buyer. The

Pros And Cons Of Computerised Accounting
Pros and Cons of Computerized Accounting
There are many benefits of using a computerised accounting which I am going to list below and talk
about in a little more detail.
Ø Timesaving
Ø Increased speed and accuracy
Ø Less staff required
Ø Less space need
Timesaving
It is fair to say that a computerised accounting system is much quicker than a manual accounting
system as all the user has to do is enter the data into the computer and the computer will make the
calculations and produce and print out any reports, invoices or credit notes at the touch of a button.
Increased Speed and Accuracy
The main benefit of the computerised accounting system is to carry out the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The most important advantage of using the computer is the speed with which the accounting can be
done. As well it is very easy to do accounting functions. Posting to the ledger, a lengthily task of
double entry, when done directly from the general ledger, can be largely automated when done
through accounts payable or accounts receivable. With accounts receivable, you just need to enter
the actual cash totals of items purchased and the software distributes these amounts to the general
ledger so they become credits to corresponding revenue accounts. At the same time, an offsetting
entry is made automatically to the accounts receivable account.
With a computer, you can receive a balance sheet, income statement or other accounting reports at
the touch of a button.
Now I am going to evaluate some of the disadvantages of using a computerised accounting system.

Loss of Data
When you use a computer, it is possible that data can be lost because of hardware or software
damage this can be a huge factor for a business regardless of its size if such damage occurs the
business will have to spend money and time redoing the accounts and in the worst case scenario can
lose customers due to misplacing or losing their data. Since the computer

The Accounting System : AAccurate And Error Free...
The methods to summarize, procedures to establish, controls and plans to gather along with
presenting the most accurate and error free financial data for making management decisions all of
these organized computerized methods falls under the head of Accounting System.
Similarly the accounting information system is the system to keep the records of business to regulate
its accounting system. It Includes categories like sales, purchases and various monetary processes of
business. The basis of AIS is to gather the data and provide it with information to the investors,
creditors and managers.
The First Accounting System:
In 1880 Allegedly Hollerith is the father of the first accounting machine, punch card. He in addition
to this is also the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most inspiring quality of managerial accounting is that it provides a firm with the most skilled
employee as "Management Accountant". There are a number of employees that works as an
accounted in a firm but these typically called management accountants are very rare to find and they
operates cost, financial, tax accountants, or internal auditors.
Governmental Accounting:
It can be stated as public accounting or federal accounting.it refers to that particular type of
accounting system that is used in the public sector.
Tax Accounting:
This is referred to the accounting that is related to tax matters.it is governed in accordance with the
laws of jurisdiction.
Forensic Accounting:
The accountants of forensic accounting act as skilled witnesses in the courts. This type of
accounting is used in the investigation, auditing and accounting of cases of disputes.
Project Accounting:
Through frequents reports of monetary the system that keeps a track of the financial progress is
called project accounting.
Social Accounting:
Also known as "Corporate social Responsibilities Reporting" and "Sustainability Accounting". It is
referred to that method of reporting changes in the activities of the organization particularly in
ecological and social environment.

Main Accounting Concepts:
1. Periodic Inventory Method:
This method of accounting system is for the valuation of inventory. It keeps the record of the
inventory at the start of a period, the sales and

Essay On Making Mistakes
When accountants make mistakes
If you plan to manage the bookkeeping and financial matters by the accountants, it is very important
to make certain that what you're doing is right. The Best Accountants in UK should be your topmost
choice. Often, the amount of money the accountants save initially can be quite costly to your small
business in the long run.
Listed below are the common flaws that the accountants generally made and what they must do
instead to avoid them.
Missing obligations to vendors
Upholding good relationships with your sellers is vital in business. Maintaining charges and making
repayments on time are the building blocks for a long–term method of trading. However, when
expenses are misplaced and aren't accurately monitored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Working without a budget
The accountants should build a budget and that means you have set up a baseline to gauge their
business's operating results. Finances aren't only useful in curbing overspending but may be used to
establish practical and the written financial goals. Budgets should be grounded the truth is, but they
can simply use the finances to set acceptable financial goals, whether increasing profits or cutting
down operating expenses.
Making data entry mistakes
Data entry mistakes may happen anytime. So when you, as an accountant, cannot prevent all data
entry problems, you could have the policy to execute various reconciliations timely to ensure that
data entries are found well–timed and can be corrected. For instance, you should perform monthly
loan company reconciliations, as well as accounts receivable and payable reconciliations. You can
even run budget–to–actual variances to recognize possible problems in classifying income or
expenditures or run customer receipts or supplier payment reports occasionally to ensure that
receipts and disbursements seem to be reasonable. Unusual trades should be assessed to ensure that
no data entrance faults were made and that the ventures are accurate.
No Accounting Software Backup
The accountants need understand your business's accounting software and other data regularly.
Many small company accounting software packages have an attribute that enables you to set up
computerized back–up of your accounting

Is Excel A Standard System Used Nowadays? Companies For...
AbstractAbstract
Excel is a standard system used nowadays in many companies for accounting. The weakness of the
program is that users can modify or erase formulas by accident, and not be detected. Perhaps the
program had errors in the results using statistical functions. Moreover, Microsoft was notified the
issues from many years, and they did not launch an update to fix the problems. Many employees
will try to practice fraudulent activities, especially in a company with poor security and control
system. There are few examples written of that fraudulent activity, which will help the reader to
understand the situations. Also, managers found that the implementation of accounting complexity
for financial reports, which will assist them to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The software allows mistakes, provides manipulation of the accounts and makes it difficult to
monitor or supervise the real status of companies.
Using Excel allows mistakes by the users which will affect the actual reports. Nowadays, the
companies are working with two kinds of programs "closed program" and "open program". Closed
programs will track all financial activities, for example, inventory, discounts, accounts payable,
accounts receivable, cash and payroll; and obtain accurate financial statements. The closed program
only lets the user input data transactions of the business, and it does not allow the user to make any
changes in the system. For example, QuickBooks is a great program for accounting, which cannot
be modified by the user. The program was designed to save time, money and minimize errors from
the users. The only problem with that type of program is that companies have to adapt to the
computer system.
The open programs like Excel, allows the user to create the worksheets needed for the business,
which can be modified anytime. A disadvantage in Excel is that users could by accident erase, or
change a formula in a cell that will affect the results of the financial statements. At work, employees
have been using Excel to record their tips collected every shift which is paying bi–weekly. A
problem appears when an employee is added or erased from the list. At the time of modified data in
Excel the person in charge by mistake

accounting information system
Chapter 1 Accounting Information Systems and the Accountant True–False Questions 1. The
acronym AIS stands for "Accounting Information Standards." 2. Accounting information systems
must be computerized to be effective. 3. It is best to view an AIS as an accounting system that must
be computerized. 4. AISs often create information that is useful to non–accountants. 5. In order to be
useful, raw accounting data must be processed by a computer. 6. The path that data follow in an AIS,
for example from manual source document to completed output report, is called an audit trail. 7. A
company's audit trail is normally easier to follow under a manual data processing system compared
to a computerized information processing system. 8. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
37. As used in Chapter 1, a dashboard is an up–to–the–minute graphic depiction of one or more
business activities. 38. The purpose of the assurance services of an accounting firm is to give a
company's managers moral support when they are audited by the federal or state government. 39.
The purpose of CPA Trust Services is to provide assurance that a company engaged in electronic
commerce can provide the goods or services it promises. 40. An example of a value–added reseller
(VAR) is a computer dealer that adds software to the hardware it sells. 41. Some possible career
opportunities for AIS majors or minors include consulting positions, computerized auditing, or
system computer auditing positions. 42. Accountants are usually classified as "line workers" within
business organizations. 43. Today's AIS is an enterprise–wide information system that focuses on
interdepartmental business processes. 44. Managerial accounting principally provides decision
making information to a company's internal managers. 45. As a result of computerized information
processing systems in many organizations today, the need for accountants in these organizations has
significantly declined. 46. Activity–based costing systems focus on allocating overhead on the basis
of direct labor hours used. 47. Because accountants are not normally computer programmers
working within the information processing subsystem, it is unnecessary for them to understand the
capabilities and

Management And The Importance Of Maintenance Management
Maintenance Management is an orderly and systematic approach to planning, organizing,
monitoring and evaluating maintenance activities and their costs. A good maintenance management
system coupled with knowledgeable and capable maintenance staff can prevent breakdown
problems and environmental damage; yield longer asset life with fewer breakdowns; and result in
lower operating costs and a higher quality of instruments. The term 'maintenance' means to keep the
equipment in operational condition or repair it to its operational mode. Main objective of the
maintenance is to have increased availability of production systems, with increased safety and
optimized cost. Maintenance management involves managing the functions of maintenance.
Maintaining equipment in the field has been a challenging task since the beginning of industrial
revolution. Since then, a significant of progress has been made to maintain equipment effectively in
the field.

Management Advisory Services Review
(632) 407–5937/(632) 415–0873 e–mail: support@reviewer–online.com website: www.reviewer–
online.com
THE CPA LICENSURE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS MANAGEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
(Effective October 2006 Examination)
This subject tests the candidates' knowledge of, and proficiency in the concepts, standards,
techniques, and methodology applicable to management services / consultancy practice by CPAs;
management accounting; financial management–related services; capital budgeting concepts and
techniques; and project feasibility studies. Each examination will contain a minimum of 50 and a
maximum of 70 multiple choice questions, allocated to the different subject areas, as indicated
below.
1.0 Management Accounting–Related Services
1.1 Role, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Concept of margin of safety, operating leverage and profit planning b. Responsibility accounting,
transfer pricing, performance evaluation, and balanced scorecard 1. Goal congruence and motivation
2. Types of responsibility centers (revenue, cost, profit and investment); transfer pricing – rationale
and need; alternative transfer pricing schemes and multinational transfer pricing 3. Advanced
analysis and appraisal of performance: financial and nonfinancial performance measures 4.
Performance measurement in multinational companies; distinguishing performance of managers
from performance of organization units; executive performance measures and compensation;
environmental and ethical responsibilities 5. Nature of the balanced scorecard; perspectives of the
balanced scorecard; aligning the balanced scorecard to strategy; features of a good balanced
scorecard; pitfalls when implementing a balanced scorecard 6. Evaluation of the success of strategy;
strategic analysis of operating income c. Functional and activity–based budgeting 1. Definition of
budget 2. Difference between planning and control 3. Functions of budgeting 4. The purposes of the
budget 5. Advantages and limitations of budgets 6. Types of budgets 7. Budgeting terminologies
defined 8. The management process of preparing the master budget
9. The budget period 10. Budget cycle of a manufacturing firm 11. Steps in developing a master
budget 12. Comprehensive budget illustrated 13. Flexible budgeting 14.

How Implementing Best Practices Would Have Reduced The...
Evaluate how implementing best practices would have reduced the chances for failure. Provide
support for your rationale. The chances of failures can be decreased by executing the checks on the
systems. These keep an eye on the systems preventing risks from occurring, and these checks are
avoided as the interior controls. The motivation behind the inner controls is to keep the organization
safe from risks associated with the modernized accounting–system risks. Organizations change their
manual accounting systems to computerized accounting systems for different reasons, this
incorporates the points of interest, and the explanation behind utilizing electronic accounting
information is instinct. The organizations embrace the policies of their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The same starting information will be accessed by PC from the memory gadget, the recovery of the
information will be automatic and the speed of recovery will be a few times faster than that of the
manual systems. The movement of the information in the accounting system is the first step,
however, movement of information is not the catalyst for business opportunities; supplanting the
system obliges customization as per the new system, nevertheless, the current information
additionally should be moved into new system (Castle, 2008). The movement of the information
does not bring new opportunities as it is expected after the computerization of the accounting
systems. The new system will have distinctive risks, and the prerequisites will be diverse for the
information operations and recovery. The inside controls will be distinctive, and the regulations will
be diverse. The recovery of the information turns out to be simple and snappy due to the modernized
systems. However, it has the dangers identified with the utilization of information for the reason
other than that for which it was gathered. An employee is not supposed to use confidential
information of other employees, and therefore confidentiality must be up held. Personal information
should be kept classified and utilized just for the planned reason. The information assurance acts
have confined the entrance of information by an unauthorized

Computerised Accounting
CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION It is known that, movement of information and
effectiveness of information, timely reporting for internal and external use is one of the key aspects
in success of services and goods provided by the organisation to its customer. Before the
development of computerised system in Tanzania most of public sectors, government sectors ,social
service providers sectors and different business organisations, used manual method of recording and
control over any transaction relating to financial and other activities. With the expansion of those
sectors the number of transactions increased. The manual method of recording, manipulation,
producing, distributing and maintaining records found as to be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
iv. However, the study is conducted to enable the researcher to be awarded Bachelor of Business
Administration in Finance and Accounting as it is the compulsory study at Saint Augustine
University 1.4 Objectives of the study 1.4.1 General objective The general objective of the study is
to find out the contributions of computer in day to day activities, as the purpose of the study, is to
find the contribution of computer and application in accounting activities especially to public
sectors, simplification and production of understandable, relevance, reliable reports. Also the study
aims to find out the difference in performance and reports quality produced when manual methods
were in use and that when computer and computerised accounting system were introduced. 1.4.2
Specific objectives The research is aiming at observing the following from PPF Mwanza Branch as
the case of study. i. Tracing in detail the importance of computerised accounting system at PPF ii. To
find out t the contribution of computerised accounting system in day to day operations. iii. To find
out problem facing the accounts departments due absence of proper computerised accounting
system. iv. To find out the step taken by public sector to implant the computer knowledge to its staff
so as to examine importance, contribution and problem facing in the use of computerised accounting
system. 1.5 Research questions The

Cafe Restaurant : The Capital City Of Maldives Essay
Juweys café' and restaurant is a food catering outlet based in Male' the capital city of Maldives. The
restaurant commenced business back in 2000 with an aim of providing varieties of food cuisines to
the locals in the most exquisite way (Juweyriyya, 2016). The most outstanding fact of the food
outlet is that the place is owned by an individual woman Mrs. Juwayriyya Wajdy. All the way from
2000 the business has come a long way, taking the place of one of the oldest and the most successful
food outlet in Male'. In the recent years the business has expanded immensely and now offers
intensive cuisines, which includes the blend of the finest Indian, Continental, and Eastern
specialties. Additionally in 2012 Juweys café' and restaurant have merged with "Buruzu" with the
aim of expanding the business, and providing better service to the customers.
Juweys café' and restaurant as a manufacturing and serving company have to withstand many costs
in order to keep the business going. This includes both direct costs and indirect costs that the
business incurs on every business commencing day. Direct costs can be defined as those costs which
are directly related to a product (Media, 2015). Direct cost can be classified into direct materials,
direct labor and direct expenses.
In the case of Juweys café' and restaurant, the direct materials for them would be the products and
ingredients that they use to produce the dishes. For an example, the wheat, spices, fresh fruits,
vegetables,

Koss Case
ISSN 1940–204X Koss Corporation Corporate Governance, Internal Controls, and Ethics: What
Went Wrong? Melanie O. Anderson Slippery Rock University INTRODUCTION THE
ACCOUNTING FUNCTION Koss Corporation is a Milwaukee company whose principal business
is the design, manufacture, and sale of stereo headphones and related accessories. Michael Koss is
the CEO; his father, John Koss, founded the company in 1958. The company has trademarks and
patents for its products to differentiate itself from the competition. Koss Corp. has a six–man Board
of Directors, including Michael and his father. John is 81 years old and serves as chairman of the
Board. Michael is 57 years old and serves as vice chairman, president, CEO, COO, and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sue served on several charity boards, organized lavish parties for their events that cost millions of
dollars, and purchased all items that did not sell at the charity auctions she organized.6 Sue also had
a reputation as a demanding boss: Her assistants were required to help her with the charity events,
and Sue took them out to lunch almost daily. Julie and Tracy also went to Sue's house to help her
unpack and store the many expensive items she purchased. Sue loved designer clothing, shoes, and
accessories and purchased over 20,000 items in a five–year period from 2004 to 2009. She
purchased so many items that they did not fit in her house. So, she rented a storage unit and a two–
office suite to store her unused purchases. In addition, Sue made some purchases that she never
picked up from the retailers.7 Table 1: Financial Data from 2008 and 2009 June 30, 2009 Net Sales
Net Income June 30, 2008 $ 38,184,150 $ 46,943,293 1,976,668 4,494,289 Basic Earnings per
Common Share: Basic: 0.54 1.22 Diluted: 0.54 1.22 $ 28,470,352 $ 29,977,077 Total Assets Cash
Dividends per Common Share $ 0.52 $ 1.52 IM A ED U C ATIO NA L C A S E JOURNAL 1 VOL.
6, N O. 1, ART. 3, MARCH 2013 PAYMENTS BY CHECK OR WIRE TRANSFER Sue could
not pay for all of these purchases with her $200,000 salary or her physician husband's $600,000
salary.8

Data Into The Computerized System
Name: Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
Student ID: S71565
Set up and operate a computerized system
FNSACC406
Assessment 3
Describe the steps to be taken prior to inputting the data into the computerized system and how you
would go about implementing the new system.
The steps to be taken prior to inputting the data into the computerized system:
– The first step: you will need to set up your company in your accounting software system. Look for
company tab. Then, you fill in your company name, your company address, ID number and etc.
– The second step: you need to establish a list of your customers and your suppliers in the system.
You must fill in name, address, as well as the terms for your customers and your suppliers.
– The third step: You need to establish a list of your employees on the system. You need to fill in
employee's name, address of employees, tax information such as Tax File Number (TFN) and etc.
– The fourth step: you can personalize your company bill in most software packages. You can add
your company logo, change the field around or eliminate some things that you think it is redundant
if you want.
For implementing the new accounting software system, you need:
– Implementation planning
– Software installation
– Accounting system configuration
– System training
Implementation planning: is the first important step of your project decisions have been made or not.
Discuss and identify the information from the old system to planning is needed in the
implementation of the

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Online Accounting
Why Online Accounting Is Essential for Your Business
These days, it looks like everything is going on online, and accounting is not any exception. Even
though many financial bookkeeping procedures have been computerized for quite a while, online
accounting and bookkeeping continue to be relatively new. Not absolutely all businesses have grown
to be comfortable with being able to access financial data online, but there are various benefits for
implementing online accounting routines. Online accounting may bring profitability to the business
if managed accurately, and financial pros can reap the benefits of digital accounting tactics as well.
How exactly does online accounting work?
With an electronic accounting system, offered by the Online Accounting Services in London, the
accounting organization is capable of doing their work without going out of their office using digital
accounting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simplicity
Real–time data moving is one of the present day miracles to do business. But even emails can be
troublesome and clunky if you continuously have to email your accountant information to allow
them to do their job. Accounting online means that information is kept up to date instantly, like the
live results of a basketball game or the newsfeed on Facebook. Better still, these details can be seen
by everyone who needs it, anytime.
For instance, a domestic plumbing business with several vans and employees on the highway at any
moment can get access to all the invoices and accounts, again, at any moment, if their accounting is
housed online.
Good online accounting software, like the Online Accounting Services in London, also allows bank–
account data to be automatically brought into the accounting package, and therefore your details
never are suffering from a time wait that can impact your business decisions.
Money and

Manufacturing Overhead Essay
Manufacturing Overhead
Name
Institution
Manufacturing Overhead Manufacturing overhead costs play a vital role in determining final cost of
the product. Manufacturing overhead represents all the costs that the company incurs indirectly and
not related to the cost of direct labor, direct materials or direct cost of machines (Donald, 2010). In
short, companies are not able to trace these costs to individual items during the manufacturing
process. Examples of overhead costs include factory supplies, costs emanating from compliance
with local, state and federal regulations as well as certain type of equipment and machinery costs
(Donald, 2010). Other manufacturing overhead costs include quality assurance ... Show more
Although they have invested tremendously in this new technology, the company will reap
tremendous benefits from its services, which will cut the direct labor costs and ensure that the
business processes continue to deliver the expected results. Indeed, the automated system is likely to
produce more precise and accurate information than the human inspectors are (Donald, 2010). In
addition, Borealis Manufacturing has decided to include the salaries of the QC engineers in the
manufacturing overhead section. This will enable the company to reduce its budgetary allocation for
direct labor costs and therefore shield Borealis from the negative financial burdens that might result
from paying the quality control engineers. Although there is an increase in the direct overhead rate,
the real impact does not reflect the actual figure because the company in the computation of the
overhead rate has factored in the labor associated with the engineers (Donald, 2010). To eliminate
confusion over product costs, Borealis Manufacturing could change its overhead application system
in several ways. Firstly, instead of incorporating the salaries of the two QC engineers as factory
overhead in the computation of the plant–wide manufacturing over–head rate, the company can
include this in the direct labor costs. This is because the QC engineers offer vital services that play a
central role in the production process. Including their salary as overhead therefore increases

Case: Lipschultz, Levin & Gray
Case: Lipschultz, Levin & Gray
Course Title: Management and Organization
Course Code: EMBA 503
Contents:
Section 1: Page
o Lipschultz, Levin & Gray –The People's Company 3
❖ The Focus on people 3
❖ Goal 3
❖ Client Services 4
❖ Some significant changes at the company 6
❖ The Different look ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reviews & Compilations It provides financial reporting on two levels of assurance: * Review –
some analytical procedures conducted with limited assurance * Compilation – based upon client
information provided and used primarily for internal use. Financial Forecasts & Projections
Forecasting is a necessity when trying to effectively manage and lead a business to profitability.
From simple projections to complex financial modeling, our experienced staff can assist you in
achieving your company 's financial goals. Cash Flow & Budgeting Analysis A business can be
profitable and still run into trouble due to cash flow issues. It can forecast and evaluate your
company 's financial condition, estimate financing requirements, and track cash–flow sources and
uses. Tax Services LLG prefer to take a proactive vs. reactive approach to tax services. By keeping
current on new tax laws and legislation, identify key tax planning opportunities that minimize both
client current and future tax liabilities. Accounting Software Selection & Implementation With the
number of computerized accounting software packages available for small businesses and

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Accounting...
As the world today become borderless and free when it comes to businesses, business–oriented
people need to adopt an Accounting Information system that will satisfy the needs for their business'
success. The basic Accounting Information Systems that are present as of today are the Manual
Accounting Information System (MAIS) and the Computerized Accounting Information System
(CAIS); these are the systems in which the owners of the business need to evaluate to suit their
organization. Choosing an Accounting Information System might be one of the most critical
decision a business can deal with, that is why one business must weigh the advantages and
disadvantages of both Accounting Information Systems and why would they need to be equipped
with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The features of an effective accounting information system rely on the operational expediency. A
good accounting system should be efficient yet simple and workable; the system should be
sufficiently flexible with the grooming changes with allowances to modifications and lastly, the
accounting information system should provide adequate internal controls to ensure the reliability
and accuracy of financial data, it must be user–friendly for the accountants present in the workplace.
All types of businesses whether large or small should contain effective accounting information
system to process information for the preparation of financial statements by Accountants and other
end users made easy (Monte–Galanza, 2010). Also, according to Monte–Galanza's (2010) book,
Computerized Accounting System satisfied the criteria for an effective and efficient system with
minor glitches. Thus, Computerized Accounting System is more evident in today's business entities
and workplace rather than Manual Accounting System because of its advantages and its help for an
accountant to cope with the Accounting Information System present in the

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Control Systems in...
Journal of Accounting – Business & Management 13 (2006) 39–68 Evaluation of The Effectiveness
of Control Systems in Computerized Accounting Information Systems: An Empirical Research
Applied on Jordanian Banking Sector Talal H. Hayale* Husam A. Abu Khadra† Abstract The
objective of this study is to evaluate the level of Control Systems effectiveness in Computerized
Accounting Information Systems (CAIS) that is implemented in the Jordanian banking sector to
preserve confidentiality, integrity and availability of the bank 's data and their CAIS. An empirical
survey using self–administrated questionnaire has been carried out to achieve the above–mentioned
objectives. The study results reveal that Jordanian domestic banks are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hence the results of this study can provide valuable insights and lead to a better understanding of
the perceptions of each of these two major groups towards creating an overall effectiveness
measurement to evaluate the CAIS Control System practices in a less developed country. This study
to the best of the researchers' knowledge is the first that attempts to create an overall effectiveness
measurement for evaluating the CAIS Control System through specifying all required components
that should exist in the effective control system in the Jordanian banking sector. Following
consultations with experts in this field, a questionnaire was developed for the purpose of this study
to evaluate the general CAIS control procedures that would be applied to all CS, which affect all
computer applications in the organization. This questionnaire covers different parts of CS in CAIS.
This research attempts to answer the following questions: (1) What is the actual practice in the
Jordanian domestic banks regarding information CS? In addition, are these CS adequate to protect
the domestic banks against perceived security threats? (2) Are there significant differences among
the respondents in the research sample (Internal Auditors and HOCD) regarding the effectiveness
level of

Accounting Information System
Executive Summary
Accounting information system is an extremely important role in the enterprise management. As
technology advances, the system software is constantly improving, constantly enhance the function
of the system, thus improving the efficiency of enterprise management. Accounting information
system network and multi–function trend is more obvious, how is the fastest way to management to
provide the latest information to help decision–makers analysis, forecasting, decision–making,
improve operational efficiency, will be the greater challenges of the accounting information system.
This study research and explore seven aspects of the accounting information system, we trying to
find out that suits your needs accounting information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data include: Activities Resources Personnel Second, the managers use the information system
transform data into information enabling. Including the use of software input data, processing the
data by computer and print the output reports and statements. Third, information system controls of
the supply chain of RTE. Owing to containing large amounts of assets and financial data, it needs to
provide adequate control to safeguard(Lo & Fisher 2014):.
The benefits for business include: Reduce Uncertainty Improve Decisions Improve Planning
Improve Scheduling
Accounting information system can used to support RTE because it is a system which collection,
storage, processing, transmission and output a large number of accounting information. The
accounting information system will be fully fused in the whole enterprise information system when
enterprise information development to a certain extent (Beynon 2009).
2.2 Explain how these information systems could help RTE in managing the business. How will the
introduction of information systems affect management decision‐making?
The accounting information system could help RTE in managing business include(Romney Marshall
& Paul 2009): Improve Quality and Reduce Costs. Managers based on accounting information
system information provided, coordinate human, material and financial resources to achieve the
expected

Effects of Computerised Accounting to Performance of...
Table of Contents DEDICATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS vi ABSTRACT viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Background of the
study 1 1.2. Research focus 2 1.3. Overall Research Aim and Individual Research Objectives 2
1.3.1. Overall research aim 2 1.3.2. Individual research Objectives 3 1.4. Research questions 3 1.5.
Justification of study 3 1.6. COMPANY BACKGROUND 4 1.6.1. History of Rwanda Development
Bank (BRD) 4 1.6.2. Vision, Mission and values 8 1.6.3. Objectives and strategy 9 1.6.4. Company
structure 10 Chapter 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12 2.1. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS 12
2.2. OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATION OF ACCOUNTING 17 2.2.1. Objectives of Accounting: 17
2.2.2. Limitations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Questionnaires, interviews, observation are the methods used to collect information qualified as
primary data and literature searches and mail surveys were been used to gather of

Importance And Importance Of Maintenance Management
Maintenance Management is an orderly and systematic approach to planning, organizing,
monitoring and evaluating maintenance activities and their costs. A good maintenance management
system coupled with knowledgeable and capable maintenance staff can prevent breakdown
problems and environmental damage; yield longer asset life with fewer breakdowns; and result in
lower operating costs and a higher quality of heavy machinery.
Importance
Maintenance management is crucial to companies because proper maintenance makes workers
aware of the resources with which they have to work. When workers are aware of the cost and
nature of their maintenance resources, they are less likely to be wasteful with those resources. They
also are more aware of how their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ideally, the maintenance management system should be able to record maintenance tasks and
inventory/resources, provide feedback to the facilities operations manager for analysis, and support
the needs of the company and its customers. Computerized maintenance management software
programs often can meet these requirements and greatly reduce the amount of work necessary
compared to manual systems.
The word "Operation" is usually linked with "Maintenance". To put these terms in context,
Operation is the performance of work or services and the provision of materials and energy to
ensure the day–to–day proper functioning of an asset, e.g., the work activities, associated chemicals
and electricity to run a water treatment plant. As such, it has a direct but simple impact on the cost of
operating an asset. Maintenance is the work performed on an asset such as a road, building, utility or
piece of equipment to preserve it in as near to its original condition as is practical and to realize its
normal life expectancy. This Technical Information Document, as its name implies, concentrates on
maintenance management systems only. In general, maintenance can be classified into the following

The Implementation Of Accounting Information Systems
With the implementation of accounting information systems, accounting and corporate accounting
management environment has undergone great changes, internal control mechanisms and
instruments manual accounting system was not available for the network environment, the
establishment of information systems and accounting internal control system adapted to become
enterprises need to solve the problems. In the 1990s, with the development of global economic
integration and information technology. Internet, data transmission communication technology,
large–scale database technology and information collection and sorting of e–commerce has been
widely used, people entered the Knowledge Economy Age from industrial economy. 1. The
development of modern accounting information systems. In order to adapt the business
diversification and multination integration of business operations. Accounting information systems
basis on MRP (Monthly Progress Reporting) Ⅱ system generated on the Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP) system, which provides for management of innovative applications. ERP(Enterprise
Resource Planning) system achieve the pre–planned and risk control, with dynamic control, real–
time analysis of various enterprise resources integration and optimization capabilities. ERP system
mainly include: master production schedule, plan of material requirements, plan of capacity
planning, procurement, sales execution plan, profit plan, financial budget and human resources
programs. 2.

Analysis and Design of Proposed Accounting System
Submitted by: Camero, Chana Paulene A. Hinoguin, Vanessa Bea P. Pagente, LJ Faith B. Suasin,
James P. Submitted to : Miss Marianne Sy, Instructor CISB 32 –B Submitted by: Camero, Chana
Paulene A. Hinoguin, Vanessa Bea P. Pagente, LJ Faith B. Suasin, James P. Submitted to : Miss
Marianne Sy, Instructor CISB 32 –B SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Accounting System
Proposal SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Accounting System Proposal SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: ACCOUNTING SYSTEM PROPOSAL Four Queens Resort
History/Nature of the Business Four Queens Resort is a 1,700 sq meter hotel and resort located at
National Highway, Tuburan District, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur. The said resort is another ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| 00915 | 03/15/12 | 01 | CASH SALES Sales_ID | CR_no. | 00916 | 01 | SALES JOURNAL For
sales on account Record_no.1 | SJ_no. | Account_no. | SJ_Debit | SJ_Credit | 1 | 01 | 12 | 10,000 | | 2 |
01 | 41 | | 10,000 | CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL for cash sales Record_no.2 | CR_no. | Account_no.
| Cr_debit | Cr_credit | 1 | 01 | 11 | 15,000 | | 2 | 01 | 41 | | 15,000 | EXPENSES (supertype)
Expense_ID | Expense_amount | Date_incurred | Exp_type | 00803 | 1,000 | 02/29/12 | Credit | 01005
| 2,000 | 02/30/12 | Cash | EXPENSES PAYABLE Expense_ID | GJ_no. | Date_payable | 00803 | 01 |
03/30/12 | EXPENSE PAID Expense_ID | CD_no. | 01005 | 01 | CASH DISBURSEMENT
JOURNAL Record_no.3 | CD_no. | Account_no. | CD_debit | CD_credit | 1 | 01 | 51 | 2,000 | | 2 | 01
| 11 | | 2,000 | 3 | 02 | 55 | 3,000 | | 4 | 02 | 11 | | 3,000 | GENERAL JOURNAL Record_no.4 | GJ_no. |
Account_no. | GJ_debit | GJ_credit | 1 | 01 | 51 | 1,000 | | 2 | 01 | 21 | | 1,000 | SUPPLIER
Supplier_ID | S_name | Contact_num. | 00111 | James | 09057361589 | 00112 | LJ | 09109009457 |
PURCHASES (supertype) Purchase_ID | Purchase_amount | Purchase_date | Purchase_type |
Supplier_ID | 00819 | 3,000 | 03/01/12 | Cash | 00111 | 00820 | 5,000 |

Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession
Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession
University of Phoenix
ACC/340 Accounting Information Systems
Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Businesses have become more competitive,
consumers are more informed, and technology has changed the way the world communicates.
Information technology (IT) and the resulting 'information age' are continuously impacting every
facet of accounting. (Bagranoff, Simkin, & Strand–Norman, 2006) This paper will examine
how accounting information systems (AIS) are bringing about changes within the accounting
profession. Additionally, a variety of technologies and how they affect accounting practices at
Exclusively Yours Salon will be discussed.
Accounting Information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ABC applies overhead on the basis of activities and cost drivers associated with each activity. The
ABC system allows for more accurate allocation of overhead costs and leads to better pricing
decisions. Although ABC is not a new concept, computerized systems make an ABC system much
easier to implement and manage. (Bagranoff, et. al., 2006)
AIS's assist managers in responsibility accounting and tracing poor operation to departments or
individuals responsible for the inefficiencies. The balanced scorecard supplies management
personnel with a means of evaluating significant indicators to reveal if operational activities are
supporting the organizations strategy and vision. Bagranoff 2006, states, "Balanced scorecards and
corporate performance measurement aren't new ideas. But with the Internet, integrated systems, and
other advanced technologies, balanced scorecards and other approaches to corporate performance
measures are becoming increasingly valuable business intelligence tools." (Bagranoff, et. al., 2006)
Recent Technologies and Effects on Accounting Processes Today many accounting procedures are
automated because of computers and accounting software. Companies receive more accurate, timely
and relevant information. Accounting software packages such as Quickbooks have simplified
routine accounting procedures. The need for traditional methods of accounting (hand

Information Technology and Its Significance in the...
A Library Research on INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE
ACCOUNTING PROFESSION IN TODAY'S MODERN SOCIETY Presented to Elizabeth D.
Kapulong, MA.Ed UST–AMV College of Accountancy As a partial requirement to complete the
course, English 3 Prepared by The Tributes Members: Sahagun, Abbie Rose R. Pelaez, Angelica
Marie, Cantoria, Gabrielle Alcid, Ariane Santiago Steffany August 22, 2012 ABSTRACT Table of
Contents I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 4 A. Introduction 4 B. Statement of the
Problem 5 C. Significance of the Study 6 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK/DISCUSSION 6 A. Effects of IT in the Accounting
Work 6 B. Different Ways in Using IT ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What are the positive effects of IT in the Accounting work? What are manual and computerized
accounting and their differences? What are the advantages of the computerized accounting over the
manual system? Significance of the Study The purpose of this study is to know the significance of
Information technology in the field of Accounting in today's globalized world. II. REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK/DISCUSSION Effects
of IT in the Accounting Work Information technology (IT) has changed the accounting department
for the better (Shanker). Today, IT is already present and is used widely in the business field,
specifically in accounting offices (Shanker, 2006). The following are the positive effects of IT in the
Accounting Work: Speed is the most important characteristic of IT. The use of various technologies
results to faster and more accurate performances. Technologies are mainly composed of hardware
and software and these two must be always compatible for the accountant's specific works in order
to deliver the best performance. In order for technologies to be more effective as far as speed is
concerned, the system of accounting should have always backup systems for the technologies that
are being used (Shanker, 2006). Accuracy in recording and reporting financial information are
greatly valued and the improvement of

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Manual And Computerized...
From the table, it can be seen that most interviewees keep up with their respective Accounting
Information Systems by applying their knowledge about the Accounting cycle and record keeping
into the system. Jovero (personal communication, February 17, 2015) stated that one cannot give
accurate results without knowing the basic concepts of accounting information. "As an accountant,
of course, you'll need to learn about those things. I think in schools we have already learned about
this. Sa basic accounting ata ito tinuturo. In what way, the accounting knowledge guides one user to
the computerization. Same principles apply." Briones (personal communication, February 18, 2015)
also gave emphasis synonymously to Jovero's (personal communication, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
More and more business entities see accounting software as a necessity rather than a luxury. The
results seems to indicate that businesses and organizations doesn't see the software as very costly for
it can help and contribute to the success of the organization. In addition, business oriented people
see computerized accounting systems advantages outweigh its disadvantage that is why they seem to
use Computerized Accounting System more than the Manual one. Sage software (n.d.) suggests that
Computerized Accounting systems are evident for it is the only system that can keep up with
change, this statement is also same as how the results gathered by the researchers from the
interviewees

Arthur Andersen Research Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Susan Kennedy

More from Susan Kennedy (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Arthur Andersen Research Paper