2. S
T
A
N
D
A
FUNCTIONS:
THE HOSPITAL AS A BUILDING TYPE IS COMPLEX
COMPONENTS
SOME IMPORTANT SECTIONS FOR A HOSPITAL :
-BEDROOM
- NURSING UNIT
- SURGICAL UNIT/ OPERATION THEATRE
- NURSERY
- PEDIATRIC NURSING UNITS
- DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY SUITE
- LABORATORY
- LABOR DELIVERY SUITE
- OUT PATIENT ACTIVITY
- EMERGENCY ACTIVITY
- EDP UNITS
Standard
3.
4. Admitting dept functional flow chart
Physician
Refered
individuals
Self refered
individual
Reservation
Scheduling
Receptionist
interview
1
Medical
records
1
Pre-admiting
information
Patient
transfer
and
discharge
1
Financial
Manage
ment
1
Safekeeping
Patients
valuable
Identification device
And charge plate
1
All units
concerned
Information
distribution
Escort
Inpatients
services
outpatients
services
Nursing units
Medical
Surgical
Obstatric
Pdiatric
Other units
Diagonstic x-ray
Laboratory
Physical therapy
Out patient clinics
Emergency services
Information flow
Route patient flow
Emergency patient flow
Admitting department
Source__Time Savers Standard s
Functional Relationships
6. INTER-DEPARTMENT RELATIONSHIP
S
T
A
N
D
A
NURSING
ADJUNCT DIAGNOSTIC
FACILITIES SURGERY DEILIVERY SERVICES
LAUNDRY
,KITCHEN
,DINNING ,STUFF
ROOM ,NURSE
ROOM & LOCKER
,STORAGE ,
MECHANICAL
ROOM.
HEALTH
CENTER
OUT-PATIENT
DEPARTMENT
EMERGENCY
(ambulance)
ADMINISTRATION
(staff, patients,
visitors)
FIG: GENERAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL NURSING DEPT.
RECORDS
CONFERENCE,
LOUNGE,
LOCKERS,
LIBRARY,
TOILET
ADMINISTRATION
LOBBY,
WAITING
STUFF, NURSES ROOM
REGISTRATION ROOM
INFORMATION
BOOTH
FIG: ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
NURSING
TO NURSING
OBSERVATION BED
OFFICE
BATH
EMERGENCY
OPERATING ROOM
FIG: EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
IN PATIENTS
PHYSICAL
THERAPY
RADIOLOGY LABORATORY EMERGENCY PHERMACY
MORGUE&
AUTPSY
OUT- PATIENT & HEALTH CENTER
FIG: DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES
7. CORRIDOR
S
T
A
N
D
A
WORKING CORRIDOR,
SURGICAL AREA
MAIN CORRIDOR(SPINE) MEDICAL SERVICES CORRIDOR
SERVICE CORRIDOR,
DELIVERIES, STORAGE AREA
WARD CORRIDOR/NURSING AREA
WARD CORRIDOR, INTENSIVE CARE
user Width in meter (minimum) Width in feet(minimum)
Under 50 person 0.9 2.95
Over 50 person 1.1 3.6
for bed moving condition 2.4 7.9
WIDTH OF CORRIDOR (MINIMUM)
8. LIFT & STAIR
S
T
A
N
D
A
LIFTS
1 MULTIPURPOSE SHOULD BE PROVIDED PER 100 WITH A MINIMUM OF 1 FOR SMALLER HOSPITALS.IN ADDITION THERE
SHOULD BE A MINIMUM OF 2 SMALLER LIFTS FOR EQUIPMENTS,STAFFS AND DOCTORS.
MINIMUM STAIR WIDTH 2 METER
WIDTH OF EXIT FOR EACH USER :
SPRINKLER SYSTEM STAIR RAMP & CORRIDOR DOOR
WITHOUT SPRINKLER SYSTEM 25MM 18MM 10MM
WITH SPRINKLER SYSTEM 15MM 12MM 10MM
BOUNDARY WALL :
1. 1.73sm HEIGHT FROM GROUND LEVEL.
2. 2.64sm FOR GRILL.
3. USING OF AND BRICK WALL (SHOULD BE 2.64sm HIGH) OWNER IS CAPABLE TO CHANGE THE HEIGHT FOR BETTER
APPEARANCE,UNDER THE PERMISSION OF RAJUK.
RAJUK RULE ( BOUNDARY WALL)
TO PROTECT THE SITE A BOUNDARY WALL AT BEST 1.73sm (APPRX) HIGH AND 2.70sm (APPRX) GRILL,NET OR ROLLING ENCLOSER
SHOULD BE MADE.IN CASE OF NET AND GRILL MADE ENCLOSER HEIGHT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 1.73sm FROM THE GROUND.
BUILDING TO BUILDING DISTANCE :
RAJUK RULE : 5M FACE TO FACE DISTANCE AND 2.5M SIDE BY SIDE.
9. Ramp :
•Minimum width of ramp should be 2.4 m
•Flight of exit ramp should not be more than 1 :12
•If the ramp is more than 1:15 than a guard or hand rail must be
provided at both side of the ramp.
•Minimum distance of two hand rail must be 1200mm
•If the single flight of a ramp is more than 9m then there should be
a landing in the ramp which should be 1.5m X 1.5m ( for electric
wheel chair it is 2,5m X 2.5 m
x
12x
Lift :
•Lift lobby must have 1.5 m X 1.5/1.23 m area
•Minimum width of lift door should be 800 mm
•Minimum size of lift car should be 1500mm X 1200mm
Wash room ,toilet etc. :
•In each floor there should be minimum 1 toilet or 5% of
the total toilet area for the disables
•There should be minimum 1.5m X 1.5m clear space
inside the toilet
•From the WC to the wall there should be minimum 900
mm free space 1.23 m
•There should be handrail in height of 400mm from wc.
Maximum horizontal distance of this rail is 300 mm from
the back eall and 450 mm extended in the front.
General toilet
Disable toilet
5% toilet
10. STAIR
•For health facility building the minimum stair width must be 2.00m.
• Riser must be maximum 175mm and trade must be minimum 225mm.
• Maximum number of steps in one flight must be in 20.
• Head room of the stair case must be 2.15m.
• Railing must be .90m and it should be safe for children use.
• Minimum height of roof top case must be 2.10m.
11. Specific requirement for occupancy type D (health care facility) :
Fire protection system for D1 and D2:
In addition to the general provisions the following
requirements shall be provided:
Manually operator electric fire alarm or automatic fire system
shall be installed in duty room, so that duty person receive the
fire alarm advance. Portable fire fighting appliances shall be
kept as per instruction of the concerned authority
Fire Exit:
•There must be a fire exit in the building. If there is a stair
and no other fire exit than the stair should be considered
as a fire exit
•Width of fire stair should be minimum 1.4m
•If ramp is used as fire escape the slope should not exceed
1:12
•There must be a fire exit control room of 10 sqm
Numb
er of
buildin
g
storey
Measurement
of the
building
Numbe
r of fire
stair
Distance
of fire stair
2 50 user in
each floor
1 23 m
More
than 10
More than 5oo
sqm area
2 25 m
25m 25m
12. IN-PATIENT DEPARTMENT
S
T
A
N
D
A
SIZE OF BEDROOM:
SINGLE ROOM: 117 TO 172SFT
DOUBLE ROOM: 157 TO 210SFT
FOUR-BED ROOM: 308 TO 401SFT
• IN THE TWO AND FOUR BED ROOMS A CLEAR DISTANCE OF 14’ FOR TWO BEDS AND TWO BED-
SIDE TABLE IS NECESSARY.
• ACCORDING TO USPHS STANDARD, THE CLEAR DISTANCE IS NEARER 15’.
• LAVATORY, TOILET DOOR OR WARDROBE DOOR DO NOT ENCROACH INTO THESE CLEAR
DIMENSIONS IN THE BETTER ROOMS.
FIG. 1: SINGLE ROOM (SMALL) FIG. 2: SINGLE ROOM
(MEDIUM SIZE)
FIG. 3: FOUR-BED ROOM
FIG. 4: DOUBLE ROOM (SMALL) FIG. 5: DOUBLE ROOM (MEDIUM SIZE)
13. IN-PATIENT DEPARTMENT
FURNITURE:
• BED SHOULD SET PARALLEL TO THE EXTERIOR WALL, SO THAT PATIENT CAN LOOK OUT WINDOW
WITHOUT FACING DIRECTLY INTO THE BRIGHT SKY.
• ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC STATUS OF PATIENTS THE FURNITURE LAY OUT MAY BE VARIABLE.
FIG. 6: WALL ELEVATION OF SINGLE ROOM (LEFT) AND DOUBLE ROOM (RIGHT)
LEGEND:
1. OVER BED LIGHT
2. NURSES’ CALL
2A.MICRO SPEAKER IN CEILING
3. OXYGEN OUTLET
4. SUCTION OUTLET
5. SUCTION BOTTLE BRACKET
6. NIGHT LIGHT – SWITCH OUTSIDE ROOM
DOOR
7. DOUBLE DUPLEX OUTLET
8. TELEPHONE, RADIO, TV JACKS
BED DIMENSION:
WIDTH: 2’6’’ TO 3’
HEIGHT: 1.96’/600MM TO 2’
LENGTH: 7’3’’
BED SIDE TABLE: 16MX20M
HIGHT-4’6’’
SHELVES: HEIGHT- 4’6’’
BED SPACING:
A BED SPACING OF
1.6M / 5.24 TO 5.5FT
AREA PER BED COMPARISON
8 m
11.2m
6.4 m
11.2m
6.4 m
12.8m
TOTAL AREA: 82SQM
AREA PER BED: 5SQM
SPAN: 6.4SQM
TOTAL AREA: 90SQM
AREA PER BED: 5.6SQM
SPAN: 8.0SQM
TOTAL AREA: 72SQM
AREA PER BED: 6.0SQM
SPAN: 6.4SQM
3’
1.6m/ 5.24sft
14. Fracture clinic
Out-patient dept.
Lobby & waiting
Dispensary
Radiology
Separate op entrance
Traction clinic
X-Ray
Accidental emergency
Out patient
department
MEDICAL
RECORDS
X-Ray
Pathology
Main Entrance
Traction
clinic
Fracture
clinic
Dispensary
Separate
entrance
Entry
Entry
S
T
A
N
D
A
OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT
15. outpatient department provides diagnosis and care for patients that do
not need to stay overnight.
•Ambulatory patient care services
•One of the first contact between hospital stuff and patient
•All modern facilities and technique for investigation & treatment
•Nurses working station should be located in a centralized area of 25-30 m2
•The patients lounge should be of 25-30 m2.generally in out patient department patients and person accompanying them
wait in the lounge
16. OPERATION THEATRE:
Free floor space should be 18’ X 20’ or
approximately 350sqft.
Surgical supervisors recommended 20ft x20ft.
DESIGN PRINCIPALS:
- Cleanliness
- Adequate space
- Good quality lighting and ventilation
SHELVES: 16” X 20”
HEIGHT: 1.0m or 3.32ft- 1.2m
ELECTRICAL OUTLETS: 1.5m or 5ft
WINDOWS: should be at the head and 5m2 or 54sq ft
Windows should face north and south. Shaded by a roof overhead of at
least 2.6ft or 300mm.
27. Occupancy type D
D1 :Normal medical facilities
The buildings under single management in which
general and specialized medical surgical and other
treatment is provided to person suffering from physical
limitations because of health fall under this category.
For example: Hospital ,clinic ,nursing homes
,diagnostic center laboratory
TYPE OF AREA FLOOR AREA
PER USER
Inpatient area 15sqm
gross
Out patient area 10sqm
gross
Means of access:
Public or private road or street are the means of
access for the buildings.
Open spaces:
For any kind of educational institution, health care
center etc. open area should not be less than 50% of
the plot area.
D2 : Emergency medical facilities
The building or the part of building which has the
function of providing essential medical facilities
having surgery , emergency and casualty treatment
areas which is equipped and designated to handle
post disaster emergency and is required o remain
operational after disaster is included in this category.
For example: Emergency and casualty units of
designed hospital and clients and dispensaries built
as part of disaster preparedness program.
50% open
space
Built area
Open area
Area needed for per person in health facility
building:
According to the use of the building the type can be
classified into two categories:
28. Ventilation, Natural light and Courtyard :
•Every building must be well ventilated with window, skylight and fan and light.
•Window area should be 15% of the total floor area of the residential and industrially
used building
•If there is insufficiency in natural ventilation ,mechanical ventilation should be provide.
•Basement floor area should be well ventilated
•If the ventilation source is the courtyard than the size of the courtyard should be
determined as the following chart:
In the courtyard the minimum length must be 1/3 of the maximum building height.
Floor number Height (m) Courtyard area (sqm)
3 11 9
4 14 16
5 17 25
6 20 36
7 23 49
8 26 64
9 29 81
10 32 100
11 36 121
12-13 42 144
14-15 48 196
16-17 54 256
18 up 63 up 361
29. WASTE DISPOSAL
There are three types of waste paper bags which all have three different color. Such
as:
Black for general waste
Blue for emergency waste
Red for danger waste
This bags are putted on the waste basket according to their need .For example The black bag are
seen on the administrative part but the red waste bag is found on the lab section.
General
waste
Emergency
waste
Danger
waste
Waste
ADMINISTRATION PART:
LAB SECTION :
FIG: WASTE DISPOSAL DIAGRAM
30. Name : Rangpur Medical College
Area :109265.665 sqm/1633.468 katha/81.673 Bigha
Established : 1970
Administrative staff : 1,361
Students : 1,361
Location : Rangpur, Bangladesh
case study
31. 5 St. Hospital
building
entry
2 St. ICU
2 St. damage
building
5 St. boys hostel
mosque
4 St. girls hostel
2 St. quarter
College building
5 St. New hos.
building
Master plan
35. case study
Name : Dhaka Medical College
Area :109265.665 sqm/1633.468 katha/81.673 Bigha
Established : 1946
Administrative staff : 3,406
Students : 1,050
Postgraduates : 900 (2009)
Location : Ramna, Dhaka, Bangladesh
50. CASE STUDY
Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital
Location: Mitford Road, Dhaka-1000
Area: About 12.8 acres of land on the river bank
Fig: Site location, Google Earth View
Fig: Entry Gate
56. Fig: Ground Floor
Plan
Building no 1 (500 Bed Hospital Building, 11 storied)
Fig: Pharmacy Fig: Parking
Reception &
Vertical
Circulation
Emergency
Department
63. Building no.2 ( Out-patient Department)
This building contains every outpatient departments. Cardiology
and dental departments are in second and third floor. Waiting
zones are big enough. Third floor also contains the CCU.
Fig: Front View Fig: Entry Ramp
Fig: Ticket Counter
Fig: Entry Gate
64. Ground Floor Bubble Diagram
Entry
Ticket
Counter
Stair and
Lift
Washroom
Waiting
and
Reception
Family
Planning
department
Medicine
department,
Outpatient
Surgery
Department
Eye
department,
Outpatient
66. INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY
Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital
Lunder Building
Boston, MA, USA
Urban Response: The exterior of
the building is a formal
response to the horizontal and
vertical NATURE of the adjacent
buildings
The massing of the building
reflects the program within,
where the five-story bed tower
is visually separated from the
procedural floors below.
67. One of the goals for this project was
to increase the number of beds and
shift from double to single patient
rooms for infection prevention,
privacy. he challenge was to make
this work within the tower's square
floor plate, without increasing travel
distances.
68.
69. Rather than creating a square loop of patient rooms
along the perimeter and a central nursing core, the
resulting plan yields two interlocking c-shaped groups of
beds which allows for more rooms per floor; increases
clinical connection; and minimizes staff travel times to
patient rooms, central supply and support areas.
70.
71. Name : Dinajpur Medical College
Area :109265.665 sqm/1633.468 katha/81.673 Bigha
Established : 1970
Administrative staff : 1,361
Students : 1,361
Location :Dinajpur, Bangladesh
