A quick go through to few of important aspects of hospital

1. LIBRARY STUDY- HOSPITAL
CONTENTS :-
• INTRODUCTION
• NORMS & REGULATIONS
• DEPARTMENTS
• O.P.D.
• I.P.D
• EMERGENCY
• LABS
• I.C.U.
• Mortuary
• AREAS IN HOSPITAL
• SRVICES
• WATER SUPPLY
• WASTE MANAGEMENT
• SANITATION
• HOUSE KEEPING
• FIRE PROTECTION
• MAINTANCE
• GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• ENVIORNMENT
• OCCUPANCY
• SAFTY & SECURITY
• PATIENT MOVEMENT
• VENTILATION
DEPARTMENTS :-
• CARDIOLOGY
• OPTHAMOLOGY
• DERMATOLOGY
• DENTISTRY
• TOXICOLOGY
• E.N.T
• PATHOLOGY
• GENERAL SURGERY
• PHYSIOTHAREPY
• HEAMATOLOGY
• HEPATOLOGY
• NEUROLOGY
• ORTHOPEDIO
• NEPHROLOGY
• ONCOLOGY
• MORGUE
MANJUL GAMBHIR
16BAR1043
INTRODUCTION
An institution providing
medical and surgical
treatment and nursing care for
sick or injured people.
Types of hospital
• Private hospital
• Government
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
Norms
• Ground coverage upto 40% and 5%
extra for multi level parking.
• 2E.C.S. 100sq.m of the covered
area.
• Upto 30m (NOC from airport
authority required)
Category A – 25-50 beds
Category B – 51-100 beds
Category C – 101-33 beds
Category D – 301-500 beds
Category E – 501-700 beds

2. O.P.D :- OUT PAITENT DEPARTMENT
• OPD is defined as part of hospital with allotted
physical facilities and medical and other staff
with regularly scheduled hours to provide care
for patients who are no admitted.
• A department where patients receive diagnosis
and treatment but do not stay overnight.
• A place in hospital where patient stays for
treatment or after treatment for recovery
• A department where patient gets 24/7 care
Treatment Areas:-
Internal Medicine Treatement
Area:-
The basic facility comprises examination
rooms (25sq.m.),adminsitration
office(20sq.m.), between the senior
physician’s room(15 – 20sqm.)& The Chief
physician’s room(20 – 25sqm.),an archgive
room and patient waiting areas.
Radiotherapy:-
In Radiotherapy,conditions diagnosed in In the radiography
department are treated.The radiotherapy department comprises
a reception and waiting area,doctor’s room(18sq.m.), a
switchroom(15sq.m.),possibly a localisation room (20 –
25sq.m.),a service room(20q.m.), a film developing
room(10sq.m.),stores and a cleaners room.
Radiology:-
Radiology includes the specialist areas which use ionising
radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.The size of
the rooms depends upon their use and what they contain for
ex. – sonography ,momgraphy, and jaw x – ray require about
12 – 18sq.m. whereas standard X –Ray and admission’s room
need to be 20 – 30 sq.m.
MANJUL GAMBHIR
16BAR1043

3. Staircase:-
• Fire exit staircase after every 30m in building is to be provided.
• •Staircase shall be of enclosed type to prevent entry of smoke & fire to the staircase & vice versa.
• •Access to the basement from the ground should be through a separate staircase, which is not
connected to main staircase
• •stair pressurization fan shaft is to be provided in fire escape staircase to push smoke back.
CIRCULATION Waste Management:-
Hospital waste is “Any waste which is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human
beings or animals or in research” in a hospital. This is also called ‘Bio-Medical Waste’ (BMW).
75-90% Non-Hazardous/General Waste
10-15% -Hazardous
Waste Categories Description and Examples:-
Source of health care waste :-
• Governmental Hospital
• Private Hospital
• Nursing Homes
• Physician’s Office
• Dentist Office
• Dispensaries
• Mortuaries
• Blood Bank and collection centre
• Animal Houses
• Laboratories
• Research Organizations
Ramps:-
•The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 10. in certain cases
steeper slopes may be permitted but in no case greater than 1 in 8
•Ramps shall be surfaced with non slipping material
MANJUL GAMBHIR
16BAR1043

4. Fire Fighting Installations:-
•Fire hydrants were installed in entrance of each department on each floor of
each block
•Fire exhtingushers were installed in each corridor and rooms.
•Sprinkler were provided not provided in waiting areas.
Fire Safety:
Minnimum requirements for fire fighting installations:-
Less than 15 m
House reel,wet riser,down comer,manually operated electric fire alarm system,automatic detection and
alarm system
are required.
•10,000l under ground water tank upto 750sqm and 10,000l for every additional 250sqm is required.
•2,500 overhead water tank is required in case of hose reel, 20,000l in case of down comer is required.
15m and above but not excceding 30m
•in addition to above mentioned installations yard hydrant and automatic operated electric fire alarm
system are required.
•2,00,000l underground water tank is required
•20,000l overhead water tank is required.
Location and Size of Fire Ducts:-
•Fire duct of 1.2m by 0.6m is to be placed near each fire exit, lift lobby.
Location of Fire Alarms:-
•Alarm should be audible in administrative block,engineering service block, offices, fire office and such
other locations where gongs,sirens,whistles or bells do not disturb the patients.
•Distinctive visual alarm should be installed at each nursing station, and nurse duty room.
Electrical:-
ELECTRICAL PANNEL ROOM:-
•l.v. rooms of 12sqm are to be provided at each floor.
•minimum 2 pannel rooms are required of 17.5 sqm.
•electrical rooms are kept distant to gas supply room.
•electrical shaft with l.v. shaft is 2m by 0.5m.
•electric pannel room in gmch -32 was located in basement of IPD block.
Emergency and escape lighting:-
•Emergency lighting shall be powered from a source independent of that supplying the
normal lighting
•Escape lighting shall be capable of:-indicating clearly and unambiguously the escape
routs.-Providing adequate illumination and illumination along such routs to allow safe
movement-ensuring that the fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment provided
along escape routes can be readily located
•Horizontal luminance at the floor level on centreline of escape rout shall not be less than
10 lux
•Emergency lighting system shall be capable of continue operation for minimum duration
of 1 hr30 mins
Types of Water Supply:-
Normal water -Arrangement shall be made to supply the following quantities of potable water per bed per
day to meet all requirements ( including laundry ), except fire-fighting, in all categories of hospital.
Hot water -Hot water supply to wards and departments of the general hospital shall be provided by means of
electric storage type water heaters or centralized hot water.
Filtered and soft water -Filtered and soft water supply is required in pathology laboratories and shell be
supplied as requirements.
Cold water -Cold water supply is needed for processing tanks in film developing room and shall be supplied as
required.
MANJUL GAMBHIR
16BAR1043

5. HVAC:-
Central heating system Space Requirements :-
i) The space requirement shall depend upon the type and capacity of the hot water generator chosen
for the work and its overall dimensions.
ii) Sufficient space shall be left all around the hot water generator for maintenance and operation
purpose.
iii) Space shall also be provided for the auxiliary equipments such as hot water circulating pumps and
electrical control panels.
iv) The minimum clear height of hot water generator room shall be 4.5 m.
The floor loading of the hot water generator room shall be 2000 Kg/sqm.
Natural Ventilation:-
Maximize wind-induced ventilation by siting the ridge of a building perpendicular to the summer
winds.
Naturally ventilated buildings should be narrow.It is difficult to distribute fresh air to all portions of a
very wide building using natural ventilation. The maximum width that one could expect to ventilate
naturally is estimated at 45 ft. Consequently, buildings that rely on natural ventilation often have an
articulated floor plan. Each room should have two separate supply and exhaust openings.
Mechanical Ventilation:-
The minimum clear height of the equipment and air washer rooms shall be 3.6 m. The actual height
required would depend upon the capacity of the equipment and manufacturer‘s recommendation
The plant room shall be located contiguous to the space to be ventilated to reduce the pressure drop
in the system. Where air washers are also to be installed the room shall be treated with waterproof
treatment and shall be located adjacent to the blower room.
Central Air Conditioning Plant:-
Space Requirements -
i) Minimum –120 sq.m. Maximum –150 sq. m.
ii) Additional space for circulation shall be taken as 20-25% of the above space.
iii) Provision shall also be kept for anticipated future requirements.
iv) The minimum clear height of the plant room shall be 3.6 m in case of Reciprocating plants and 4.5
m in case of Centrifugal & Screw type plants.
v) The entrance to A.C. plant room for centrifugal / screw type units shall be through rolling shutter/
suitable door shutters of steel or strong material to take self load having minimum width of 3 m &
height not less than 4 m for centrifugal/ screw type units & 3.5 m for reciprocating type units.
The plant room shall have easy accessibility for moving in and out of equipments and shall be well
ventilated. The location of the plant room shall also take into consideration the routing of the chilled
water and condenser water lines from the plant room. The plant room shall be preferably located in a
separate service building along with the substation. Basements shall be avoided from the fire safety
point of view.
Cold rooms:-
Space Requirements -
i) The space requirement shall have to be worked out in individual cases depending
upon the system selected.
ii) Sufficient space should be kept around the equipments for operation and
maintenance purposes.
iii) Normal room height in the building should be adequate for the equipment room
as well as the cold room
AHU rooms:-
Space Requirements -
i) Floor area requirement for the AHU room shall be as under:
For AHUs upto340 CMM : 4.5 m X 3.5 m
For AHUs between 340 CMM & 680 CMM : 5.5 m X 4.5 m
ii) The minimum clear height of the AHU room shall be the same as that of the air-
conditioned space to facilitate laying of ducts.
MANJUL GAMBHIR
16BAR1043