Vaginal infection can lead to tubal blockage and infertility hence screening of such infection is mandatory before starting any fertility treatment

1. Vaginal infection and infertility
STEPHE JOSHUA
FEMELIFE FERTILITY
www.femelife.com
www.wikiHealthNews.com

2. What is Vaginal Infection ?
 A woman's vagina makes
discharge that's usually clear
or slightly cloudy. In part, it's
how the vagina cleans itself
• It has the following signs and
symptoms like vaginal
discharge changes color, is heavier, or
smells different. Can cause itching,
burning, swelling, or soreness around
or outside vagina, difficulty in
micturition

3. VAGINAL INFECTIONS
Types of vaginal infections
Bacterial
vaginosis
Trichomoniasis Gonorrhea
candida or
"yeast"
infections
Viral vaginitis chlamydia

4. HOW VAGINAL INFECTION
AFFECTS FERTILITY
 Bacterial vaginitis can spread
from the vagina up into the
uterus and fallopian tubes.
This kind of infection is called
pelvic inflammatory
disease and can, if left
untreated, cause damage to the
tubes. This can prevent sperm
from reaching the egg and cause
infertility.

5.  Reccurent vaginal yeast infections cause the internal
vaginal flora to become unbalanced which may make it
harder for the sperm to reach the uterus

6. BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
 Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal
irritation, itching, and discharge, and is sometimes
referred to as Gardnerella.

7. CAUSES
 Any condition that changes the
environment of the vagina could lead
to this imbalance, such as vaginal
creams, douching, hygiene products,
lubricants.
Oral sex may also cause a change in
the vaginal environment, possibly
leading to bacterial vaginosis

8. SYMPTOMS
 The most common
symptom is abnormal
vaginal discharge.
This may be gray or
yellowish in color,
and has a fishy odor.
vaginal itching
and burning
(often because of
vaginitis or other
infections that
can accompany
bacterial
vaginosis).

9. TREATMENT
 If it does not clear up within a few
days of treatment, other
conditions of the vagina (such as a
yeast infection or cervical
infection) should be ruled out as a
cause.
Bacterial vaginosis can be treated
with antibiotics in pill or cream
form.
Common treatment prescribed is
metronidazole. This is applied
vaginally twice a day for five days.

10. CANDIDA OR "YEAST" INFECTIONS
 Vaginal yeast infections, also called
vaginal Candidiasis or vulvovaginal
Candidiasis (VVC)
 This is experienced by as many as 3 out of
4 women during their lifetime. Most
women experience at least two infections

11. SYMPTOMS
 Itching, burning, or irritation of the
vagina or vulva, Pain or soreness in
the vagina
Vaginal burning with intercourse or
urination, a thick, white, odorless
discharge that resembles cottage
cheese, or a watery discharge
Rash

12. TREATMENT
 Treatment of the infection depends on whether it is
complicated or uncomplicated.

13. UNCOMPLICATED YEAST INFECTION
 When treating an uncomplicated
yeast infection, a short-course of
vaginal therapy is normally
sufficient.
 One option is a one-time treatment
of a prescription of clotrimazole

14. COMPLICATED
 In the case of a complicated yeast infection, treatment
will include the use of long-course vaginal therapy or
multi-dose oral formulations.

15. CHLAMYDIA
 Chlamydia infection, often simply known as
chlamydia, is a sexually transmitted infection
caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

16. SYMPTOMS
 Symptoms in women may include
vaginal discharge or burning with
urination
Most people who are infected have no
symptoms.
When symptoms do develop this can
take a few weeks following infection to
occur.

17. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 Chlamydia can be spread during vaginal,
anal, or oral sex,
 It can also be passed from an infected
mother to her baby during childbirth.

18. DIAGNOSIS
 Diagnosis is often by screening
which is recommended yearly
in sexually active women
under the age of twenty five,
others at higher risk, and at
the first prenatal visit.
 Testing can be done on the
urine or a swab of the cervix,
vagina, or urethra. Rectal or
mouth swabs are required to
diagnose infections in those
areas.

19. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
 Sexual partners should also be treated and the infected people advised not to
have sex for seven days and until symptom free.
 Gonorrhea syphilis and HIV should be tested for in those who have been
infected
Prevention is by not having sex, the use of
condoms, or having sex with only one other
person, who is not infected.
Chlamydia can be cured by antibiotics with
typically either azithromycin or doxycycline being
used.
Erythromycin or azithromycin is recommended in
babies and during pregnancy.

20. GONORRHEA
 Gonorrhea is a
common sexually
transmitted
disease, sometimes
referred to as "the
clap.
Gonorrhea is caused by the
bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Gonorrhea and chlamydia can be
experienced simultaneously.

21. SYMPTOMS
 Symptoms may be absent despite
an active gonorrheal infection.
 Symptoms can appear anywhere
from 1-14 days following exposure
to the infection.

22. Women:
 painful sexual intercourse
 fever
 yellow or green vaginal discharge
 vulvar swelling

23. Diagnosis
 Testing for gonorrhea can be
completed by analyzing a urine
sample or a swab of an affected
area. Swab samples are commonly
taken from the penis, cervix,
urethra, anus, and throat.

24. TREATMENT
 Antibiotics - (ceftriaxone)
(azithromycin).
 Abstaining from sexual
intercourse - until treatment is
complete, there is still a risk of
complications and spread of
infection.
 Repeat testing in some cases

25. TRICHOMONIASIS
 Trichomoniasis (trich) is an
infectious disease caused by the
parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
 Trichomoniasis is a sexually
transmitted infection (STI) which
is most often spread through
vaginal, oral, or anal sex

26. SYMPTOMS
 Itching in the genital area
 bad smelling thin vaginal discharge
 burning with urination
 pain with sex

27. DIAGNOSIS
 Finding the parasite in vaginal
fluid, microbial culture, testing for
the parasites DNA

28. Treatment And Prevention
 Not having sex
 using condoms
 not Touching
 Antibiotics (metronidazole
or tinidazole)

29. VIRAL VAGINITIS
 Viruses are a common cause of vaginitis. One form caused
by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is often just called
“herpes” infection.
 These infections are spread by sexual contact.

30. SYMPTOMS
 The primary symptom of herpes
vaginitis is pain associated with lesions
or “sores”.
 These sores usually are visible on the
vulva or the vagina but occasionally
are inside the vagina and can only be
seen during a gynecologic exam.
 Outbreaks of HSV often are associated
with stress or emotional distress.

31. TREATMENT
 Use of barrier contraceptive, such as a condom, can help
reduce your risk (but does not offer 100% protection
against) contracting these and more serious infections, such
as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which can lead
to AIDS.

32.  Sperm is not killed by overgrowth of Candida, but
because the infection changes the consistency of the
cervical mucous, it may make it more difficult for the
sperm to reach the cervical opening.
Trichomonads not only infect the cervical canal, but
simultaneous endometrial infection is commonly
present. An endometrial infection with Trichomonads
will adversely affect the development of the uterine
lining
In some cases, vaginal infections will clear on their
own.

33.  Trichomoniasis are less likely to go
away without treatment. can become
susceptible to other sexually
transmitted infections and can
increase risk of pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID).
The treatment for vaginal infections is usually simple,
painless, and effective, and may including proper
medications like topical cream and/or antibiotics.
vaginal infections are unavoidable sometimes, there are
some steps to reduce chances of getting an infection
like maintaining hygeiene in keeping vagina clean with
proper care and preventing infections with safe and
proper sexual habits