Cbse class 12 physics syllabus 2013-14 - http://cbse.edurite.com/cbse-physics/cbse-physics-syllabus.html

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5. To demonstrate the effect of angle of launch on range of a projectile.
6. Todemonstratethatthemomentofinertiaofarodchangeswiththechangeofpositionofapair
of equal weights attached to the rod.
7. To study variation of volume of a gas with its pressure at constant temperature using a doctors'
syringe.
8. TodemonstrateBernoulli'stheoremwithsimpleillustrations
9. To demonstrate that heat capacities of equal masses of different materials are different.
10. Todemonstratefreeoscillationsofdifferentvibratingsystems.
11. To demonstrate resonance with a set of coupled pendulums.
12. Todemonstratelongitudinalandtransversewaves.
13. To demonstrate the phenomenon of beats, due to superposition of waves produced by two
sourcesofsoundofslightlydifferentfrequencies
14. To demonstrate resonance using an open pipe.
15. To demonstrate the direction of torque.
16. To demonstrate the law of moments.
Recommended Textbooks.
1. Physics Part-I,Textbook for Class XI, Published by NCERT
2 . Physics Part-II, Textbook for Class XI, Published by NCERT
Class XII (Theory)
Total Periods : 180
One Paper Time: 3 Hours 70 Marks
UnitI Electrostatics 08
UnitII CurrentElectricity 07
UnitIII Magneticeffectofcurrent&Magnetism 08
UnitIV ElectromagneticInductionandAlternatingcurrent 08
UnitV ElectromagneticWaves 03
UnitVI Optics 14
UnitVII Dual Nature of Matter 04
UnitVIII AtomsandNuclei 06
UnitIX ElectronicDevices 07
UnitX CommunicationSystems 05
Total 70
Unit I: Electrostatics (Periods 25)
ElectricCharges;Conservationofcharge,Coulomb’slaw-forcebetweentwopointcharges,forces
betweenmultiplecharges;superpositionprincipleandcontinuouschargedistribution.
Electricfield,electricfieldduetoapointcharge,electricfieldlines,electricdipole,electricfield

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due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric fleld.
Electricflux,statementofGauss’stheoremanditsapplicationstofindfieldduetoinfinitelylong
straightwire,uniformlychargedinfiniteplanesheetanduniformlychargedthinsphericalshell
(fieldinsideandoutside).
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and
system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point
chargesandofelectricdipoleinanelectrostaticfield.
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and
electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in
parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between
the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.Van de Graaff generator.
Unit II: Current Electricity (Periods 22)
Electriccurrent,flowofelectricchargesinametallicconductor,driftvelocity,mobilityandtheir
relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance,V-I characteristics (linear and
non-linear),electricalenergyandpower,electricalresistivityandconductivity.Carbonresistors,
colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature
dependence of resistance.
Internalresistanceofacell,potentialdifferenceandemfofacell,combinationofcellsinseries
andinparallel.
Kirchhoff’slawsandsimpleapplications.Wheatstonebridge,metrebridge.
Potentiometer-principleanditsapplicationstomeasurepotentialdifferenceandforcomparing
emfoftwocells;measurementofinternalresistanceofacell.
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism (Periods 25)
Conceptofmagneticfield,Oersted’sexperiment.
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.
Ampere’slawanditsapplicationstoinfinitelylongstraightwire.Straightandtoroidalsolenoids,
Forceonamovingchargeinuniformmagneticandelectricfields.Cyclotron.
Forceonacurrent-carryingconductorinauniformmagneticfield.Forcebetweentwoparallel
current-carryingconductors-definitionofampere.Torqueexperiencedbyacurrentloopinuniform
magneticfield;movingcoilgalvanometer-itscurrentsensitivityandconversiontoammeterand
voltmeter.
Currentloopasamagneticdipoleanditsmagneticdipolemoment.Magneticdipolemomentofa
revolvingelectron.Magneticfieldintensityduetoamagneticdipole(barmagnet)alongitsaxisand
perpendiculartoitsaxis.Torqueonamagneticdipole(barmagnet)inauniformmagneticfield;bar
magnetasanequivalentsolenoid,magneticfieldlines;Earth’smagneticfieldandmagneticelements.
Para-,dia-andferro-magneticsubstances,withexamples.Electromagnetsandfactorsaffecting
theirstrengths.Permanentmagnets.

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Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents (Periods 20)
Electromagneticinduction;Faraday’slaws,inducedemfandcurrent;Lenz’sLaw,Eddycurrents.
Selfandmutualinduction.
Alternatingcurrents,peakandrmsvalueofalternatingcurrent/voltage;reactanceandimpedance;
LCoscillations(qualitativetreatmentonly),LCRseriescircuit,resonance;powerinACcircuits,
wattlesscurrent.
AC generator and transformer.
Unit V: Electromagnetic waves (Periods 4)
Needfordisplacementcurrent,Electromagneticwavesandtheircharacteristics(qualitativeideas
only).Transversenatureofelectromagneticwaves.
Electromagneticspectrum(radiowaves,microwaves,infrared,visible,ultraviolet,X-rays,gamma
rays)includingelementaryfactsabouttheiruses.
Unit VI: Optics (Periods 30)
Reflectionoflight,sphericalmirrors,mirrorformula.Refractionoflight,totalinternalreflection
anditsapplications,opticalfibres,refractionatsphericalsurfaces,lenses,thinlensformula,lens-
maker’sformula.Magnification,powerofalens,combinationofthinlensesincontact,combination
ofalensandamirror.Refractionanddispersionoflightthroughaprism.
Scatteringoflight-bluecolourofskyandreddishapprearanceofthesunatsunriseandsunset.
Optical instruments : Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye
defects (myopia, hypermetropia) using lenses. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes
(reflectingandrefracting)andtheirmagnifyingpowers.
Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen's principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a
planesurfaceusingwavefronts.ProofoflawsofreflectionandrefractionusingHuygen'sprinciple.
Interference,Young'sdoubleslitexperimentandexpressionforfringewidth,coherentsources
and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
Resolvingpowerofmicroscopesandastronomicaltelescope.Polarisation,planepolarisedlight,
Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation (Periods 8)
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s
photoelectricequation-particlenatureoflight.
Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment
(experimentaldetailsshouldbeomitted;onlyconclusionshouldbeexplained).
Unit VIII: Atoms & Nuclei (Periods 18)
Alpha-particlescatteringexperiment;Rutherford’smodelofatom;Bohrmodel,energylevels,
hydrogenspectrum.

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Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity-
alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law.
Mass-energyrelation,massdefect;bindingenergypernucleonanditsvariationwithmassnumber;
nuclearfission, nuclearfusion.
Unit IX: Electronic Devices (Periods 18)
Energy bands in solids (Qualitative ideas only) conductor, insulator and semiconductor;
semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V
characteristicsofLED,photodiode,solarcell,andZenerdiode;Zenerdiodeasavoltageregulator.
Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor, transistor as an amplifier
(commonemitterconfiguration)andoscillator.Logicgates(OR,AND,NOT,NANDandNOR).
Transistor as a switch.
Unit X: Communication Systems (Periods 10)
Elementsofacommunicationsystem(blockdiagramonly);bandwidthofsignals(speech,TV
anddigitaldata);bandwidthoftransmissionmedium.Propagationofelectromagneticwavesin
theatmosphere,skyandspacewavepropagation.Needformodulation.Productionanddetection
ofanamplitude-modulatedwave.
Practicals (Total Periods 60)
The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination, has to
include
l Record of at least 15 Experiments [with a minimum of 7 from sectionAand 8 from
section B], to be performed by the students.
l Record of at least 6Activities [with a minimum of 3 each from sectionAand section B],
to be demonstrated by the teachers.
l The Report of the project, to be carried out by the students.
Evaluation Scheme Total Periods : 60
Twoexperimentsonefromeachsection 8+8 Marks
Practicalrecord[experiments&activities] 6 Marks
Project 3 Marks
Viva on experiments & project 5 Marks
Total 30 Marks

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SECTIONA
Experiments
(Any 7 experiments out of the following to be performed by the students)
1. Todetermineresistancepercmofagivenwirebyplottingagraphofpotentialdifference
versuscurrent.
2. Tofindresistanceofagivenwireusingmetrebridgeandhencedeterminetheresistively
(specificresistance)ofitsmaterial
3. Toverifythelawsofcombination(series/parallel)ofresistancesusingametrebridge.
4. Tocomparetheemfoftwogivenprimarycellsusingpotentiometer.
5. Todeterminetheinternalresistanceofgivenprimarycellusingpotentiometer.
6. Todetermineresistanceofagalvanometerbyhalf-deflectionmethodandtofinditsfigure
ofmerit.
7. Toconvertthegivengalvanometer(ofknownresistanceandfigureofmerit)intoanammeter
and voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
8. To find the frequency of the a.c. mains with a sonometer.
Activities (For the purpose of demonstration only)
1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given
circuitusingmultimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse
and a power source.
4. Toassemblethecomponentsofagivenelectricalcircuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
6. Todrawthediagramofagivenopencircuitcomprisingatleastabattery,resistor/rheostat,
key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper
order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

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SECTION B
Experiments
(Any 8 experiments out of the following to be performed by the students)
1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the
focallength.
2. Tofindthefocallengthofaconvexmirror,usingaconvexlens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between
1/u and 1/v.
4. Tofindthefocallengthofaconcavelens,usingaconvexlens.
5. Todetermineangleofminimumdeviationforagivenprismbyplottingagraphbetween
angleofincidenceandangleofdeviation.
6. Todeterminerefractiveindexofaglassslabusingatravellingmicroscope.
7. Tofindrefractiveindexofaliquidbyusing(i)concavemirror,(ii)convexlensandplane
mirror.
8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
9. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break
downvoltage.
10. Tostudythecharacteristicofacommon-emitternpnorpnptransistorandtofindoutthe
valuesofcurrentandvoltagegains.
Activities (For the purpose of demonstration only)
1. To identify a diode an LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed
collectionofsuchitems.
2. Use of multimeter to (i) identify base of transistor, (ii) distinguish between npn and pnp
typetransistors,(iii)seetheunidirectionalflowofcurrentincaseofadiodeandanLED,
(iv)checkwhether agivenelectroniccomponent(e.g.diode,transistororIC)isinworking
order.
3. Tostudyeffectofintensityoflight(byvaryingdistanceofthesource)onanL.D.R.
4. Toobserverefractionandlateraldeviationofabeamoflightincidentobliquelyonaglass
slab.
5. ToobservepolarizationoflightusingtwoPolaroids.
6. Toobservediffractionoflightduetoathinslit.
7. Tostudythenatureandsizeoftheimageformedbya(i)convexlens, (ii)concavemirror,
on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the
lens/mirror).
8. Toobtainalenscombinationwiththespecifiedfocallengthbyusingtwolensesfromthe
givensetoflenses.

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SUGGESTED INVESTIGATORYPROJECTS
CLASS XII
1 Tostudyvariousfactorsonwhichtheinternalresistance/emfofacelldepends.
2. Tostudythevariations,incurrentflowing,inacircuitcontainingaLDR,becauseofavariation.
(a) inthepoweroftheincandescentlamp,usedto'illuminate'theLDR.(keepingallthelamps
at a fixed distance).
(b) inthedistanceofaincandescentlamp(offixedpower)usedto'illuminate'theLDR.
3. Tofindtherefractiveindicesof(a)water(b)oil(transparent)usingaplanemirror,aequiconvex
lens, (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an adjustable object needle.
4. Todesignanappropriatelogicgatecombinationforagiventruthtable.
5. Toinvestigatetherelationbetweentheratioof
(i) outputandinputvoltageand
(ii) numberofturnsinthesecondarycoilandprimarycoilofaselfdesignedtransformer.
6. Toinvestigatethedependenceoftheangleofdeviationontheangleofincidence,usingahollow
prismfilled,onebyone,withdifferenttransparentfluids.
7. Toestimatethechargeinducedoneachoneofthetwoidenticalstyrofoam(orpith)ballssuspended
inaverticalplanebymakinguseofCoulomb'slaw.
8. Tosetupacommonbasetransistorcircuitandtostudyitsinputandoutputcharacteristicandto
calculateitscurrentgain.
9. Tostudythefactoronwhichtheselfinductanceofacoildependsbyobservingtheeffectofthis
coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an a.c. source of adjustable
frequency.
10. To construct a switch using a transistor and to draw the graph between the input and output
voltage and mark the cut-off, saturation and active regions.
11. Tostudytheearth'smagnaticfieldusingatangentgalvanometer.
Recommended Textbooks.
1. Physics, Class XI, Part -I & II, Published by NCERT.
2. Physics, Class XII, Part -I & II, Published by NCERT.