1. Behaviourisme theory in teaching mathematics By Group 6 Helmy,Sumartini,Roziana,Norhayati

2. Behaviourisme theory Operant conditioning By Skinner Classical By Pavlov

3. Main idea about operant conditioning… Stimulus Response Reinforcement (negative / positive) Punishment periodic continuous time ratio fixed fixed variable variable

4. Stimulus and Response A student will give response by stimulus given.

5. Negative Reinforcement a student response by negative situation (stimulus) and this situation is keep repeating. Eg: minah keep singing during class because her teacher never told her to stop singing during class.

6. Positive Reinforcement a student response by positive situation (stimulus) and this situation is keep repeating. Forms of positive reinforcement: go home/recess early, miss one day homework, use a computer in lab & etc.

7. Punishment To prevent undesirable behaviors Eg: A student may loss recess if his/her can’t finish his/her work at the given time.

8. The differences between negative reinforcement and punishment.

9. Periodic reinforcement(time) Fixed interval A teacher state a time, when the time is finish, reinforcement is given. Variable interval A teacher give reinforcement at the end of the time, but the time given is not fixed depends on student’s response

10. Periodic reinforcement(ratio) Follow a fixed ratio eg: 2:1 ( for every 2 response 1 reinforcement is given ) Follow a variable ratio The reinforcement given not depends on the fixed response

11. Continuous reinforcement For every response a student will get reinforcement

12. Problems in mathematics The major problems are Student’s mind set Lack of understanding in mathematics concept Lack of exercise

13. How the theory may help… Give positive reinforcement for those who are able to finish their homework. Mathematics is about understanding and practice and drill. By do their work again and again will increase their understanding.

14. But remember… Don’t let the loser ‘win’ again and again. If a teacher do not ‘looking’ at the interrupter in class, he/she will continue he/she behavior because the teacher is ‘giving’ a passport for them to do again and again ( negative reinforcement is given silently by the teacher )

15. Student’s mind set Make mathematics is fun during learning and make them involved actively. Give a short question with teacher’s prediction student could answer the question. Give continuous reinforcement for them for every correct answer.

16. And don’t forget… Punishment for any unwanted behavior in class during your lesson. If not you are giving a negative reinforcement.

17. Conclusion A teacher play an important role in this perspective ( operant conditioning theory) to make your class is live forever and ever. Because your students will response depends from stimulus given by their teachers.