3. Culture is a unique dominant pattern of shared
beliefs, assumptions, values and norms that shape
the socialization, symbols, language and practices
of a group of people.
The attitudes and approaches that typify the way
staff carry out their tasks.
Culture is developed and transmitted by people,
consciously and unconsciously, to subsequent
generations.
4. It must be shared by the vast majority
of members of a group or society.
It must be passed on from generation
to generation.
It must shape behavior and
perceptions.
5.
6. Shared assumptions are the thoughts
and feelings that members of a culture
take granted and believe to be true.
7. Values are the basic beliefs people hold that
specify general preferences and behaviors,
and define what is right and wrong.
Cultural values are reflected in a society’s morals,
customs and established practices.
Norms are rules that govern behaviours of
group of people.
8. A symbol is a very visible objects, act, or
events that conveys meaning to others.
Examples:
Artifacts
Dress
Office layout
Slogans
ceremonies
9. Language is a shared system of vocal
sounds, written signs, and/or gestures
used to convey meaning among
members of a culture.
10. Practices are observable cultural
customs such as taboos( culturally
forbidden behavior) and ceremonies.
11. Socialization is the process by which
people learn values, norms,
behaviours and social skills.
It is the mean by which new members
are brought into a culture.
12. The basic types of organizational
culture are:
Bureaucratic
Clan
Market
Entrepreneurial
13. In this type of culture the behaviour of
employees is governed by formal rules and
standard operating procedures.
Such a culture perpetuates stability.
Organizations with bureaucratic culture tends
to produce standardized goods and services,
example:
Government ministries
Fast food establishment
14. In a clan culture the behaviour individuals are
shaped by tradition, loyalty, personal commitment,
extensive socialization and self-management.
A clan culture achieve unity through socialization.
Long term employees serve as mentors.
Members are aware of the organization's history
and have an understanding of the expected manner
of conduct and organizational style.
Members share feelings of pride in membership.
Peer pressure to adhere to important norms is
strong.
15. In a market culture, the values and norms reflects the
significance of achieving measurable and demanding goals
mainly concerning those that are financial and market based.
Companies with a market culture tend to focus on :
Sales growth
Profitability
Market share
Individuals are responsible for their performance; whereas the
organization promises specific rewards for level of
performance.
Managers are not judge on their effectiveness as role models
or models; but on monthly, quarterly, and annual
performance goals based on profit.
16. Organizations existing in the context
of an entrepreneurial culture are
characterized by high levels of risk
taking and creativity.
There is a commitment to
experimentation, innovation, and
being on the leading edge.
17. Organizational culture has the potential to
enhance organizational performance,
individual satisfaction, the sense of certainty
about how problems are to be handled.
Culture serves as a control mechanism to
channel behaviour towards desired behaviors
and to prevent undesired behaviors.
18. A common behavioral style must be shared by
managers and employees.
Have the same basic approaches to solving
problems, meeting goals, and dealing with
stakeholders.
Have share common norms that guide rule
governing rewards and punishment.
A strong organizational culture assists in the
creation of a stable organization, the consequence
of which lead to the achievement of the company’s
strategic goals.
