It is converted into mechanical energy to electrical energy

1. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
PRINCIPLE OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
COMPONENTS OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
HOW A HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM WORKS
BASED ON THE HEAD OF WATER AVAILABLE
ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGY USED IN POWERPLANTS
FISHING FOR DATA
ADVANTAGES AND DIS-ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION

2. HYDRO POWER
INTRODUCTION
1) One of the most widely used renewable source
of energy for generating electricity on large scale
basis is hydropower.
2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is
called as hydropower.
3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy
since water is available in large quantities from
rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available
for unlimited time to come.

3. HISTORY
•Nearly 2000 years ago the Greeks used water wheels to
grind wheat into flour.
•In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for
milling of lumber and grain and for pumping
irrigation water.
• Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational
hydroelectric generating station in the United
States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of
power .
•The total electrical capacity generated was
equivalent to 250 lights.

4. Early waterwheels used
mechanical energy to
grind grains and to
drive machinery such as
sawmills and
blacksmith equipment .
The figure .1 shows the
water wheels used in
olden days.
Fig. 1 .water wheels used in olden days

5. Not long after the discovery of electricity, it was realized that a
turbine’s mechanical energy could be used to activate a generator
and produce electricity. The first hydroelectric power plant was
constructed in 1882 in Appleton, Wisconsin. It produced 12.5
kilowatts of electricity which was used to light two paper mills and
one home shown in figure 2.
Fig.2.

6. PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
WATERCYCLEWATERCYCLE
Water cycle in nature:Water cycle in nature:
Water surface evaporation
Precipitation of cloudsPrecipitation of clouds
Collected back to the oceansCollected back to the oceans
VAPORATIONVAPORATION  PRECIPITIONPRECIPITION  RAINRAIN
The continuous cycle in which water changes from water vapor in the
atmosphere to liquid water through condensation and precipitation and
then back to water vapor through evaporation, transpiration, and
respiration as shown in figure 3.
Fig.3

7. COMPONENT S OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
as shown in figure 4.
1) Water reservoir
Place behind the dam
Height of water
Potential energy
2) Intake or control gates
Gates inside of the dam.
Inlet gates
3) The penstock
To carries the water
Controlled by the control gates
4) Water turbines
Convert HYDRAULIC energy to MECHANICAL energy
5) Generators
Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL energy
Dam structure and designDam structure and design
Fig.4

8. The mechanical energy produced by the turbine is converted into electric energy
using a turbine generator. Inside the generator, the shaft of the turbine spins a
magnet inside coils of copper wire. It is a fact of nature that moving a magnet
near a conductor causes an electric current as shown in figure 5.
How a Hydroelectric Power System Works
Fig.5

9. Based on the Head of Water Available
Low head hydroelectric power plants.
Medium head hydroelectric power plants.
High head hydroelectric power plants.

10. Fig.6
The Sensor Fish tool is being applied to help hydro project owners and operators
better understand the physical
PNNL's newest Sensor Fish is roughly the size of a juvenile salmon, with a length
of about 3.5 inches and a diameter of about 1 inch. Each unit is filled with a variety
of sensors that provide data on pressure, acceleration, strain, turbulence,
temperature and other forces experienced by fish as they travel through Kaplan and
Francis turbines.
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY USED IN POWERPLANTS
Fishing for data
Although the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's "Sensor Fish“as shown in
figure 6, might lack scales and gills, the tool -- now in its second generation -- is
helping researchers better understand the physical stresses imposed by
hydroelectric equipment on their real counterparts.

11. ADVANTAGES
 No fuel required.
 Cost of electricity is no high.
 Long life.
 Cost of generation of electricity.
 Can easily work during high peak daily loads.
 Irrigation of farms.
 Water sports and gardens.
 Prevents floods.

12. DISADVANTAGES
 Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems.
 Disruption in the surrounding areas.
 Requires large area.
 large scale human displacement.
 very high capital cost or investment.
 high quality construction.
 site specific.
 effects on environment.

13. CONCLUSION
So people try to develop the technology and invent the new
things which are more useful to the Human life and not
harmful to the Humans and try to utilize the water resources
because it is a renewable source.