Transportation Engineering presentation Topic: 1.Roadway Condition Survey 2. Traffic Volume Study

1. 1
Department ofDepartment of
Civil EngineeringCivil Engineering
AHSANULLAHUNIVERSITYAHSANULLAHUNIVERSITY
OFOF
SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY

2. 2
CE-452CE-452
TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
SESSIONAL IISESSIONAL II
This Presentation is doneas arequirementof aThis Presentation is doneas arequirementof a
Sessional Course-Sessional Course-

3. 3
Foran engineer, to study transport mode ortrafficForan engineer, to study transport mode ortraffic
system the most important factors are-system the most important factors are-
Theavailabletraffic volumeand itscapacity
The necessary speed of vehicles to provide continuous traffic
maneuvers
The different parameters that controls and effects roadway
conditions

4. 4
So basic study area should be comprised ofSo basic study area should be comprised of
as followsas follows ::

5. 5
In this case, our study
subject is -
TrafficTraffic VolumVolum
eeStudyStudy

6. 6
This will be
presented by-
GROUPNO.06GROUPNO.06
Name Student ID
 Forrokh Ahmmed 11.01.03.083
 Jahidul Hasan Asif 11.01.03.085
 Md. Shamrat Hossain 11.01.03.087
 Sardar Md. Ahsan Ali 11.01.03.088
 Al-Mutasim Billah 11.01.03.090
 Md. Asif Imran Anonto 11.01.03.099
 A.N.M. Mahfuzur Rahman 11.01.03.122
 Tanveer Hasan Chowdhury 11.01.03.126

7. 7
Let’s have a background check on the condition of vehicles
in Capital of Bangladesh Dhaka City :
General Information
Area 815.85 sq. km (approx)
Population 15 million (approx.)
Temperature Summer: max 36.7°C & min 21.1°c
Winter : max 31.7°C & min 10.5°c
Rainfall 2540 mm annually.
Humidity 80 percent (approx.)

8. 8
Transport Sectors &Vehicle distribution of Dhaka City isTransport Sectors &Vehicle distribution of Dhaka City is
as follows-as follows-

9. 9
Inco me-wise use o f different Transpo rts
High Income
Group (HIG)
Car, Taxi Service, Micro Busand
other private vehicles.
Medium Income
Group (MIG)
Rickshaw, Auto Rickshaw,
Bicycle, Motor Cycle, Carriage,
Car, Bus, Minibus
Low Income
Group (LIG)
Busand Tempo
Good Delivery
(GD)
Pick up, Van, Human Driven
Van
HIG
LIG
MIG
GD
Relative Vehicular
Distribution in Dhaka City

10.  Introduction
 LiteratureReview
 Methodology
 DataCollection
 DataAnalysis
 Conclusion
10
CONTENTCONTENT

11. 11
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

12. A traffic volume study consists of a
comprehensive investigation of existing
physical and operating conditions. Traffic
volume studies are conducted to
determine the number, movements and
classifications of roadway vehicles at a
given location.
12
WHAT ISTRAFFIC VOLUMWHAT ISTRAFFIC VOLUME
STUDYSTUDY

13. 13
The main purposes of traffic survey are:The main purposes of traffic survey are:
 traffic monitoring,
 traffic control and management,
 traffic enforcement,
 traffic forecasting,
 model calibration and validating etc.
Objectives of the studyObjectives of the study
Thepurposesof carrying out traffic volume
count aredesigning, improving traffic
System, planning, management etc.

14. 14
Scope Of Traffic Volume Studies:Scope Of Traffic Volume Studies:
The traffic volume count study is carried out to getThe traffic volume count study is carried out to get
following useful information:following useful information:
 Magnitudes, classificationsand thetimeand directional
split of vehicular flows..
 Proportionsof vehiclesin traffic stream. Proportion of
vehiclesindicateswhether public or privatetransport
dominatesthetraffic system.
 Hourly, daily, yearly and seasonal variation of vehicular
flows.
 Flow fluctuation on different approachesat ajunction or
different partsof aroad network system.

15. 15
To define Traffic Volume Study various parameters needTo define Traffic Volume Study various parameters need
toto
be introduced :be introduced :
Volume/flowVolume/flow
Rate of flowRate of flow
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
Design Hourly VolumeDesign Hourly Volume
Expansion FactorExpansion Factor

16. METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
16

17. Traffic
volume study
Automatic
Counting
Method
Manual
Counting
Method
Contact system
based
Contact system
based
Contact less
system based
Direct method
Indirect method

18. Automatic counting methodAutomatic counting method
In thismethod, vehiclesarecounted automatically without any human
involvement.
Therearetwo techniquesof automatic counting :
Contact system based:-Contact system based:-
It isbased on pneumatic, mechanical, magnetic or piezo-electric method.
Contactless system based:-Contactless system based:-
t isbased on electrical/optical, ultrasound/infrared radar, micro wave,
CCTV/video imageprocessing method.

19. Equipmentsused for automatic counting methodsEquipmentsused for automatic counting methods
Pneumatic
road tube
Pneumatic
road tube
Bending
plate
Bending
plate

20. Equipmentsused for automatic countingEquipmentsused for automatic counting
methods(contd.)methods(contd.)
Vehiclesnumbersarerecorder
using ultrasound, light beam or
other infrared technology.
Piezo-
electric
sensor
Piezo-
electric
sensor

21. Electronic Counting BoardsElectronic Counting Boards:
 Electronic counting board are
battery- operated , lighter,
morecompact, and easier to
handle. They havean internal
clock that automatically
separatesthedataby time
interval.

22. Mechanical counting boardMechanical counting board
 Mechanical countsboard consist of
counter mounted on aboard that record
each direction of travel. Common
countsincludespedestrian, bicycle,
vehicleclassification and traffic volume
count.

23. Manual counting methodManual counting method
Therearetwo typesof manual counting
Direct method
Indirect method
Direct method :
Dataiscounted by using hand tally manual counter.
ndirect method :
In thismethod, dataiscollected using video camera. Video iscaptured for

24. Instrumentsused in direct method :Instrumentsused in direct method :
Hand counter Instrument to measuredistance

25. Instrument used in indirect method
ideo camerasaremounted to
record thetraffic condition on
road.

26. DATADATA
COLLECTIONCOLLECTION
26

27. 27
Total
survey area

28. 28
Reconnaissance Survey :Reconnaissance Survey :
A walkover reconnaissanceand routealignment survey first carried out. Thisis
essentially carried out to identify the physical features on the ground which
may not be clearly visible in the map due to developments that might have
taken place subsequent to the preparation of the map. On the basis of
reconnaissance survey, some Traffic Analysis Zone for taking survey data has
been identified. Again, observing the pattern of vehicle along the road, the
enumerators areassigned to count the specific vehicle for traffic volumestudy.
Some bottleneck points and their causes were identified in the reconnaissance
survey. Pedestrian facility along the road was also observed in this survey. On
the basis of all information a model classified traffic volume survey data sheet
wasdeveloped for pilot survey.

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 Location: Russel square to panthapath
Conditions &SpecificationsConditions &Specifications

30. 30
 Station: Panthapath Signal
 Date : 27th
November 2014(Thursday)
 Time : Timeof datacollection 11:00 am
to 11:30 am
 WeatherCondition : Sunny
 Observation : Classified Vehicle
Counts
 Method : Direct Manual Method
 Duration : 30 minutes(Short Count)
 Equipment : Stop watch, Pencils, Eraser,
Tally sheet(Field DataSheet), Clip board
 Numberof Enumerators : Eight

31. 31
Procedure of WorkProcedure of Work
Beforetheday of counting wehad goneto our location for areconnaissance
survey.
On thepromised day, wereached our station and observed thevariousvehicles
that went by and distributed specified vehiclesamong our 8 Enumeratorsto
count them for 30 minutes
Weusetally to lessensour clumsinessand error of counting.
After 30 minuteswecounted thetotal vehiclesof each types.
Finally weprepared afield observation datasheet and filled thenecessary data.

32. VehicleType Tally
Car
CNG
Bus
Motorcycles
NMT

33. Problemsin counting
X
X
Y
Y
Russel Squareto
Panthapath
Position of Enumerators

34. DATADATA
ANALYSISANALYSIS
34

35. 35
Collected DataCollected Data
Vehicle Classification Observation in 30 min
Bus 10
CNG 120
Car 314
Jeep, Microbus, Ambulance 155
Motorcycle ( MC) 55
NMV 288
Utility 25
Truck 3
Total 970

36. 36
Charts ForCollected DataCharts ForCollected Data
Bar chart Piechart

37. 37
Vehicle
Classification
PCE Flow
(Total Vehicle in
30 mins)
Flow
(PCU in 30
mins)
Service
Flow Rate
(PCU/hr)
Bus 3 10 30 60
CNG 0.5 120 60 120
Car 1 314 314 628
Jeep, Microbus,
Ambulance
1.5 155 232.5 465
Motorcycle 0.25 55 13.75 27.5
NMV 0.5 288 144 288
Utility 1.5 25 37.5 75
Truck 3 3 9 18
TOTAL 1682
Service flow rate(11.00 AM-11.30 AM)= 1682 PCU/hr
Service Flow RateService Flow Rate

38. 38
Direction Group No. Time PCU/hr
Panthapath
To
Russell Square
1 9:00 - 9:30 am 1346
2 10:30 – 11:00 am 1405
3 11:00-11:30 am 1546
Russell Square
To
Panthapath
4 9:00 - 9:30 am 1822
5 10:30 – 11:00 am 1672
6 11.00 – 11.30 am 1682
Direction ADT(PCU/day) AADT(PCU/day)
Panthapath
To
Russell Square
26037 45721
Russell Square
To
Panthapath
31392 55124
ADT&AADTADT&AADT
 Service flow rate fordifferent groupsService flow rate fordifferent groups
 Calculated ADT&AADTCalculated ADT&AADT

39. 39
Since the roadway was divided in two directions, Directional
Distribution along the segment of the road is (Panthapath To
Russell Square : Russell Square To Panthapath ) = 45 : 55
Direction Time PCU/hr Average PCU/hr Directional
Distribution
Panthapath
To
Russell Square
9:00 - 9:30 am 1346 1433 45%
10:30 – 11:00 am 1405
11:00-11:30 am 1546
Russell Square
To
Panthapath
9:00 - 9:30 am 1822 1725 55%
10:30 – 11:00 am 1672
11.00 – 11.30 am 1682
Directional DistributionDirectional Distribution

40. 40
Time Panthapat
h
To
Russell
Square
flow rate
(PCU/hr)
Russell
Square
To
Panthapat
h (PCU/hr)
Panthapat
h
To
Russell
Square
ADT
(PCU/day)
Russell
Square
To
Panthapat
h ADT
(PCU/day)
Panthapat
h
To
Russell
Square %
ADT
Russell
Square
To
Panthapat
h % ADT
9:00 -
9:30
am
1346 1822
26037 31392
5.17 5.81
10:30
–
11:00
am
1405 1672 5.4 5.32
11:00
-
11:30
am
1546 1682 5.93 5.36
Estimation of ADTin each directionEstimation of ADTin each direction

41. 41
Flow Fluctuation CurveFlow Fluctuation Curve
( % of ADT vsTIME )( % of ADT vsTIME )
TIME 9:00 - 9:30 am 10.30 – 11.00 am 11:00 - 11:30 am

42. 42
TIME 9:00 - 9:30 am 10.30 – 11.00 am 11:00 - 11:30 am
Flow Fluctuation CurveFlow Fluctuation Curve
( Flow rate vs Time )( Flow rate vs Time )

43. DISCUSSIONSDISCUSSIONS
&&
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
43

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 Vehicle Composition:
 66 percent of total traffic was light vehicles.
 Only 18 percent was three wheeler.
 The proximity of the location dictates it’s a
residential area of high income people,
resulting high percentage of light vehicles.
 Light vehicles in most cases were not fully
occupied.
 But the public transport, i.e. Buses were
almost fully occupied which indicates
people were travelling by Bus from distance
places.
DiscussionsDiscussions

45. 45
 Directional Distribution:
According to Directional Distribution, 55 percent of thevehiclesweretravelling towards
Panthapath from Russell Square, asthisroad leadsto thecity center and survey wasmadeat a
working day. An oppositevalueisexpected at evening time.
 Annual Average Daily Traffic:
TheAADT wascalculated using Expansion factors. But thesefactorsarebased
on datacollected in United States. So calculated AADT will not givetheactual
value. Weekdaysand weekendsaredifferent in our country. So Actual Daily
Expansion Factorswill bemuch different. Similarly monthly AADT will be
different dueto variation of seasons. Besides, water logging isavery common
phenomenon in rainy Season. So, asatropical monsoon region, weather factor
must beintroduced in thecalculation of AADT.

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 Flow Fluctuations:Flow Fluctuations:
Flow fluctuation curverequires24 hoursdatawhich wasnot possiblefor
usto collect for someunintended reasons. Our curvewasdrawn with
dataobtained by counting 30 minutes, that’swhy it’sapartial Flow
fluctuation curve. A notablechangeof peak of curvewasobserved
during 11.00-11.10 am

47. 47
RecommendationsRecommendations
Somerecommendationsbased on study areasfollows:
Manual Count Method requirestrained enumerators, which wasunavailablein this
particular case.
Automatic Count Method could takemoreaccuratedatawith ashort number of
operatives.
Datawascollected for 30 minutes, which definitely doesnot describehourly fluctuations
of traffic. So for moreAccuracy, onehour datashould betaken.
To increasetheLOS, Non-Motorized Vehiclesshould benarrowed in aspecified laneat
left so that they do not interfereto main traffic flow.
Thislocation served thepurposeof collector road. So it should bedesigned with aLevel
of ServiceC or better. But from thestudy, Level of serviceD wasfound even at off pick
hour. That definitely handicapsserviceability of theroad.
LargeNo of light vehiclescreatetraffic hazards. So public transportsservicesand
facilitiesshould beupdated and modernized and Peopleshould beencouraged to use
public transports.

48. ThankyouallThankyouall
N.B: Always follow the traffic rules &rememberthat
“LIFEIS MOREPRECIOUS THAN TIME.“