5G New Radio Info Vista - Mentum Planet

1. Orchestrating network performance |
Orchestrating network performance | www.infovista.com
Planet for NR

2. Orchestrating network performance |
Outline
• 5G Standardization and Deployments Timelines
• Overview of 5G NR Radio Access
• LTE & NR Coexistence
• NR Frame Structure
• 5G Network Planning
• Millimeter Wave Propagation
• Beamforming & Massive MIMO
• LTE Pro Evolution
• NR
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3. Orchestrating network performance |
Standardization & Deployments
3
2017 2018 2019 2020
STANDARDS Rel. 17Rel. 16Rel. 15
DEPLOYMENTS Rel. 15 NR
Non-Standalone
Mode (NSA)
Standalone Mode (SA)

4. Orchestrating network performance |
Overview of 5G NR
The information related to 5G NR in this document is subject to
change in 3GPP specifications

5. Orchestrating network performance |
5G Deployments – Use Cases
5
Mobile Broadband, Fixed
Wireless…
Internet of Things:
transportation,
logistics, energy,
environment…
URLCC: V2X, Remote
Manufacturing, e-
Health…
Reliability, latency
Cost, Battery life,
Number of devices
Capacity, data
rates, QoE
Critical
MTC
Massive
MTC
eMBB
Services Applications Constraints

6. Orchestrating network performance |
Five Technology Inventions that Define 5G NR
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7. Orchestrating network performance |
Non-Standalone vs. Standalone NR
• In the Non-Standalone (NSA) mode, for which
standard completion happened at the end of
2017, NR serves as capacity boost in dual
connectivity mode, when LTE handles the
control plane
• Initially, gNB is directly controlled by eNB in the
lower frequency band (no need for a 5G Core)
• Data transfer is split between LTE and NR
• Standalone deployment require a 5G CN
(planned for mid-2018) and will enable network
slicing
7
MME
X2-U
S-GW
DataControl
eNB gNB
S1-MME
X2-C
S1-U
Non-Standalone Architecture (Option 3x)
5G CN
gNB
Standalone Architecture (Option 2)
DataControl

8. Orchestrating network performance |
LTE & NR Coexistence
• LTE and NR can coexist on the same
spectrum, e.g.
• Dynamic coexistence by transmitting NR
signals in :
• LTE MBSFN subframes (only last 12
symbols to avoid control region)
• LTE UpPTS region of special subframe of
UL subframes (avoiding SRS)
• LTE DL subframes (avoiding CS-RS)
• Semi-static coexistence based on carrier
aggregation techniques
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LTE NR
Primary Secondary
Frequency Multiplexing
Coexistence within the
same Spectrum
Coexistence within the
same Spectrum AND
Carrier Aggregation

9. Orchestrating network performance |
NR Frame Structure
9
1 subframe = 1 ms
1 frame = 10 ms
Ultra Reliable Low
Latency
Communications
(URLLC)
Mobile
Broadband
(eMBB)
Massive IoT
Flexible
Numerology
Flexible
Numerology
Flexible
Numerology
LTE & NR
Coexistence
Scalable TTI
Unified Design
across Bands, TDD
vs. FDD, Licensed
vs. unlicensed
Complex and
Future-Proof
Framework
Designed for eMBB,
URLCC, Massive
IoT and Beyond

10. Orchestrating network performance |
Flexible Numerology and Scalable TTI
• The subcarrier spacing (fixed at 15kHz in
LTE) can take any of the following values
and vary within the same frame
• 12 subcarriers per Resource Block
• The symbol duration is inversely
proportional to the subcarrier spacing
• 14 or 12 symbols per slot (normal vs.
extended cyclic prefix)
• The number of slots depends on the
subcarrier spacing
• With large number of slots per subframe,
the TTI length is highly flexible
Subcarrier
Spacing
Number of
slots per
subframe
15 kHz 1
30 kHz 2
60 kHz 4
120 kHz 8
240 kHz 16
480 kHz 32
10
1 slot per subframe
4 slot per subframe
32 slots per subframe
Scalable TTI
Very large bandwidth (up to
400 MHz in higher bands
Similar to LTE and
applicable to outdoor
macro coverage

11. Orchestrating network performance |
Self-contained Subframe
• LTE has a fixed TTI length and separate ACK/NACK transmissions, which leads to a long
ARQ roundtrip time
• In 5G NR, a slot can contain only downlink, only uplink, or a mix of downlink and uplink data
• As such, a subframe can be configured to reduce latency in case of critical communications
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Data (Tx)
Control
(Tx)
ACK
(Rx)
Data
(Rx)
GP
Reference(Tx)

12. Orchestrating network performance |
Slot Aggregation
• Slots can be scheduled/aggregated when necessary
• Typically for services that do not require low latency but require reduced overhead for
higher capacity (e.g., eMBB services)
12
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Rx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Aggregated
Slots
Slot 0 Slot 1

13. Orchestrating network performance |
Resource Grid
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1 subframe = 1 ms
ResourceBlock
Resource Element
12subcarriers
CarrierBandwidhtPart(Fixed
Numerology)–MaximumSize
Min.Size
1 frame = 10 subframe = 10 ms

14. Orchestrating network performance |
Network Access
• The synchronization signal (PSS and
SSS) is transmitted in SS blocks along
with the Broadcast channel (PBCH),
at a fixed location (irrespective of
duplexing mode) on a slot
• SS blocks are organized as SS bursts
that are sent periodically (e.g. every 5
ms)
• As in LTE, the SS is used for initial cell
search and the PBCH provides basic
system information to Ues
14
1 slot = 14 symbols
24PRB
1 symbol
PBCH
PBCH
SSS
PSS
12PRB
Only 4 symbols for
fast acquisition time
All 5G NR UEs must
support at least 24
PRBs

15. Orchestrating network performance |
Reference Signal
• 5G NR does not include the Cell-Specific
Reference Signal (CS-RS) but the
• Demodulation RS (DMRS)
• Phase-tracking RS (PTRS), to
compensate for oscillator phase noise
at high frequencies
• Sounding RS (SRS), for scheduling and
link adaptation in the uplink
• Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS)
• DMRS is UE-specific, supports
beamforming and is transmitted only when
necessary
15
1ResourceBlocks=12subcarriers
1 slot = 14 symbols
Control
DL DMRS
PDSCH
Not PDSCH
Pattern 1Pattern 2Pattern 3

16. Orchestrating network performance |
Reference Signal
• 5G NR does not include the Cell-Specific
Reference Signal (CS-RS) but the
• Demodulation RS (DMRS)
• Phase-tracking RS (PTRS), to
compensate for oscillator phase noise
at high frequencies
• Sounding RS (SRS), for scheduling and
link adaptation in the uplink
• Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS)
• DMRS is UE-specific, supports
beamforming and is transmitted only when
necessary
16
1ResourceBlocks=12subcarriers
1 slot = 14 symbols
Pattern 1Pattern 2
Control
DL DMRS (Port 1)
PDSCH
Not PDSCH
DL DMRS (Port 2)

17. Orchestrating network performance |
Hybrid Beamforming and Massive MIMO
• Reduce the hardware complexity and
power consumption vs. Digital
Beamforming (especially with the
large arrays required for Massive
MIMO, up to 256 elements)
• Reduce the number of RF chains and
errors of Analog Beamforming
• Allows supporting the Massive MIMO
evolution with the performance of
Digital Beamforming and simpler
hardware
17
RF
RF
Precoding
Digital Beamformer Analog Beamformer
W1
W2

18. Orchestrating network performance |
5G Network Planning

19. Orchestrating network performance |
Millimeter Wave Propagation
• A number of use cases already exist and do not
require the precise definition of a new Radio
Access Technology to proceed with the
necessary design exercise
• Nevertheless most of these use cases rely on
millimeter propagation that must be accurately
modelled in planning tools
• Example: Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) can be
used as a replacement for FTTH for last mile
connectivity, with a new number of benefits
(equipment and deployment cost, usage fees for
utility networks…etc.)
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20. Orchestrating network performance |
Millimeter Wave Propagation
• Pathloss naturally increases with frequencies, turning coverage above 10GHz into a massive
• Above 10 GHz, new propagation phenomena must be taken into accounts
• Rain and Atmospheric Gases Attenuation
• Foliage Loss
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1.9GHz 28GHz 39GHz 60GHz

21. Orchestrating network performance |
Millimeter Wave Propagation
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• Support of Forest/Trees in polygon
format or based on clutter types
• Trees/Forest are now modeled with a
pass through loss
• As opposed to being treated like
obstacles
• Pass through loss depends on
frequency and distance through the
Forest/Trees
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22. Orchestrating network performance |
Beamforming & Massive MIMO
• If 𝑁→∞, the M-MIMO Gain is maximized whereas the
uncorrelated interference and thermal noise are
canceled, based on the Law of Large Numbers
• Use of large antenna array implies simplified signal
processing at the eNodeB (Digital Beamforming)
• Statistical approach to determine M-MIMO SINR through:
• The structure of the M-MIMO antennas (e.g., number of
elements)
• The location of the terminals (e.g., the angle of arrival
(AoA))
• The Ricean K factor (to find the LOS and NLOS
components) and the Slow Fading coefficient
• Deterministic approach requires knowledge of path
diversity, i.e. delay spread and angle of arrival/departure
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16 elements
64 elements

23. Orchestrating network performance |
3D Beamforming / Beam-Steering
• Deterministic algorithms for
beamforming and beam-switching
antennas (in 3D)
• Planet Antenna editor
• Full support of beamforming and
beam-switching antennas
• Ability to create “traffic patterns”
based on user-defined weights or to
direct beams towards specific
direction (in both horizontal and
inclination planes)
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Beamforming Algorithm

24. Orchestrating network performance |
Beam-steering / Beam-switching Pattern Creation
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Beams-steering / Beam-switching
Pattern Creation

25. Orchestrating network performance |
Lean Carrier (LTE Pro)
• Reducing unnecessary signaling and related
interference
• Cell-Specific Reference Signal: Reduce transmission to
a portion of the resource blocks
• In HetNet deployments with dual connectivity (with or
without 5G NR), the low-power node can shut down CS-
RS transmissions
• One challenge is to maintain a minimal level of CS-RS
for synchronization and cell search purposes in LTE
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Lean LTE Carrier
Regular LTE Carrier

26. Orchestrating network performance |
NR in Planet 7.0
Planet
Wi-Fi
IoT
5G NR
WCDMA
GSMLMR
Tetra
P25
Cdma2000
iDEN
WiMAX
LTE
• Support for all major Radio Access
Technologies
• Multi-vendor and multi-technology
platform
• Support for all stages of the network
lifecycle
• Modern platform that delivers ease of
use, high performance and
robustness to engineers
Planet Technology Modules

27. Orchestrating network performance |
NR Network Analyses
• NR specific simulation engine with downlink and uplink analysis
• Support for TDD and FDD duplexing modes
• Standalone and Non Standalone modes
• Support for Numerology
• Massive MIMO
• 3D analyses
• Multi-band analyses
• Multi-threaded

28. Orchestrating network performance |
NR Network Analysis Layers
• Coverage
• Best Server
• SS-RSRP, CSI-RSRP
• Interference
• SS-RSRQ, RSSI
• PDCCH CINR, PDSCH CINR, PUSCH CINR
• CQI, DL/UL best available modulation, etc.
• Data Rates
• PDSCH/PUSCH maximum and achievable data rate
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29. Orchestrating network performance |
SS-RSRP Example in San Francisco
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30. Orchestrating network performance |
NR Dimensioning & Cell Selection
5G NR Cell Selection – 90
Sites/gNBs
5G NR Cell Selection – 130
Sites/gNBs
5G NR Cell Selection – 160
Sites/gNBs
5G NR Cell Selection – 200
Sites/gNBs

31. Orchestrating network performance |
Neighbour Planning
• Intra and Inter-technology
• E.g. NR <-> LTE
• Intra and inter-carrier neighbour lists
• Support for multiple neighbor Plans
• Visualization of neighbors in map
window
• Graphical Neighbor Plan Editor
Visual presentation of neighbor list for cell E0295_1

32. Orchestrating network performance |
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