PLEASE REVIEW AND ANSWER THE 3 QUESTIONS. DISSERTATION TOPIC IS BELOW. PLEASE ANSWER QUESTIONS IN RELATION TO THE TOPIC Discussion 1: Frameworks In Chapter 2, Creswell and Poth (2018) described the philosophical and interpretive frameworks, beliefs, and assumptions undergirding modern qualitative inquiry.  1. Thinking specifically about your capstone/dissertation research (topic below) which you began working toward in HED 650 (or another planned work if you are not in the higher education program), which interpretive framework most closely aligns to your planned work?  2. Do you see elements of other frameworks as well? 3. What are the implications for your work as a result of the underlying interpretive framework you have identified?  You might find Tables 2.2 and 2.3 particularly useful for this conversation.  DISSERTATION TOPIC: The Impact of Organizational Goals on Organization Behavior “The main focus of this research will be to combine factors from theory of action, phases and self-determination theory to develop a motivational model that will explain the relationship between organizational goals setting process that lead to organizational behavior. The research will be conducted using mixed methods research techniques.” Kings Theory 1 King’s Conceptual System Theory Olajumoke Omiyale Aspen University Author Note N491 Concepts and Theories in Nursing Professor Denys Goozee MSN,RN,CRRN December 23, 2019 
 ! 2 King’s Theory Kings Theory of Conceptual System or Theory of Goal Attainment In the mid-1960s, Imogene King wrote of the need for focus, organization, and use of a nursing knowledge base (King, 1968). She proposed that knowledge for nursing resulted from the systematic use and validation of knowledge about concepts relevant to nursing situations. The use of knowledge in critical thinking results in decisions that are implemented in professional nursing practice. “She developed a conceptual system which provides structure for organizing multiple ideas into meaningful wholes” (Smith and Parker, 2015) The Three Systems The personal system that King speaks of refers to the individual. The concepts within the personal system and fundamental in understanding human beings are perception, self, body image, growth and development, time, and space (King, 1981). King (1981) viewed perception as the most important variable because perception influences behavior. King summarized the connections among the concepts in the following statement: “An individual’s perceptions of self, of body image, of time and space influence the way he or she responds to persons, objects, and events in his or her life. As individuals grow and develop through the life span, experiences Interpersonal systems involve individuals interacting with one another. King refers to two individuals interacting as dyads ...

1. PLEASE REVIEW AND ANSWER THE 3 QUESTIONS.
DISSERTATION TOPIC IS BELOW. PLEASE ANSWER
QUESTIONS IN RELATION TO THE TOPIC
Discussion 1: Frameworks
In Chapter 2, Creswell and Poth (2018) described the
philosophical and interpretive frameworks, beliefs, and
assumptions undergirding modern qualitative inquiry.
1. Thinking specifically about your capstone/dissertation
research (topic below) which you began working toward in HED
650 (or another planned work if you are not in the higher
education program), which interpretive framework most closely
aligns to your planned work?
2. Do you see elements of other frameworks as well?
3. What are the implications for your work as a result of the
underlying interpretive framework you have identified?
You might find Tables 2.2 and 2.3 particularly useful for this
conversation.
DISSERTATION TOPIC:
The Impact of Organizational Goals on Organization Behavior
“The main focus of this research will be to combine factors
from theory of action, phases and self-determination theory to
develop a motivational model that will explain the relationship
between organizational goals setting process that lead to

2. organizational behavior. The research will be conducted using
mixed methods research techniques.”
Kings Theory
1
King’s Conceptual System Theory
Olajumoke Omiyale
Aspen University
Author Note
N491 Concepts and Theories in Nursing
Professor Denys Goozee MSN,RN,CRRN
December 23, 2019
! 2
King’s Theory
Kings Theory of Conceptual System or Theory of Goal
Attainment
In the mid-1960s, Imogene King wrote of the need for focus,
organization, and use of a
nursing knowledge base (King, 1968). She proposed that
knowledge for nursing resulted from

3. the systematic use and validation of knowledge about concepts
relevant to nursing situations.
The use of knowledge in critical thinking results in decisions
that are implemented in
professional nursing practice. “She developed a conceptual
system which provides structure for
organizing multiple ideas into meaningful wholes” (Smith and
Parker, 2015)
The Three Systems
The personal system that King speaks of refers to the
individual. The concepts within the
personal system and fundamental in understanding human
beings are perception, self, body
image, growth and development, time, and space (King, 1981).
King (1981) viewed perception
as the most important variable because perception influences
behavior.
King summarized the connections among the concepts in the
following statement: “An
individual’s perceptions of self, of body image, of time and
space influence the way he or she
responds to persons, objects, and events in his or her life. As
individuals grow and develop

4. through the life span, experiences
Interpersonal systems involve individuals interacting with one
another.
King refers to two individuals interacting as dyads, three
individuals as triads, and four or more
individuals as small or large groups (King, 1981). The concepts
associated with interpersonal
systems are interaction, transaction, communication, role and
stress. The interactions and
! 3
King’s Theory
transactions that occur between the nurse and the client, or the
dyad, represent an example of an
interpersonal system.
Communication between the nurse and the client can be
classified as verbal or nonverbal.
Verbal exchanges include both spoken and written
communication, while nonverbal
communication includes such things as appearance, distance,
facial expressions, posture and
touch.

5. The third and final interacting system in King’s model is the
social system.
Social systems are groups of people within a community or
society that share common goals,
interests, and values. Social systems provide a framework for
social interaction and relationships,
and establish rules of behavior and courses of action (King,
1971). Examples of social systems
include the family, the school, and the church. It is within these
organizations that individual's
beliefs, attitudes, values and customs are formed. The concepts
that King identified as relating to
social systems are organization, authority, power, status, and
decision-making.
The relationships between these three systems led to King’s
Theory of Goal Attainment.
The conceptual framework of the interpersonal system had the
greatest influence on the
development of this theory. King (1981) stated, “Although
personal systems and social systems
influence quality of care, the major elements in a theory of goal
attainment are discovered in the
interpersonal systems in which two people, who are usually
strangers, come together in a health

6. care setting for the purpose of one of them requiring care and
the other providing the care (Royal
Nurse Organization, 2001)
! 4
King’s Theory
How the systems Affect Goal Attainment
The model has three interacting systems: personal,
interpersonal, and social. Each of
these systems has its own set of concepts. The concepts for the
personal system are perception,
self, growth and development, body image, space, and time. The
concepts for the interpersonal
system ( nursing Theory, n.d) are interaction, communication,
transaction, role, and stress. The
concepts for the social system are organization, authority,
power, status, and decision-making.
The conceptual frame work have given rise to the development
of prepositions that can guide
goal attainment. For example, in an obstetric unit;
If perceptual interaction accuracy is present in nurse-patient
interactions, transaction will occur.
Most patients in labor are anxious and are facing a huge

7. knowledge deficit regarding their
condition and environment, a nurse who is mindful of how she
presents and interact with the
patient, communicate her special knowledge and is able to
assure the patient the the patient and
her unborn baby are the priority if the nurse and the entire unit,
this nurse is able to strike a
transaction with this patient because, the patient can be seen to
visibly relax and allow the nurse
to care for her.
If the nurse and patient make transaction, the goal or goals will
be achieved. The nurse together
with the patient will discuss the patient’s birth plan. The Nurse
is aware not to push any
procedures on the patient but duly clarifies and explains. The
duty of the nurse is to support
patient’s plans. Many times, a woman in labour will want to go
as far into labor as she can
without any medications, she will however make a plan with the
nurse to be ready to medicate
her when ever she rates her pain at at least 8 out of 10 labor
pain.

8. ! 5
King’s Theory
If the goal or goals are achieved, satisfaction will
occur.Whether the patient delivers with any
pain medication or she gets a dose of fentanyl at the beginning
of second stage of labor, once the
outcome desired is achieved, which is a delivery of a viable
newborn, satisfaction of the new
mom is attained.
If transactions are made in nurse-patient interactions, growth
and development will be enhanced-
It is easier and recommended for practice form a medical and
legal point of view that the nurse
makes -nurse-patient transaction versus any other interactions
with anyone else for the sake of
the patient. If role expectations and role performance as
perceived by the nurse and patient are
congruent, transaction will occur. The views of the nurse and
patient have to be in harmony for
goals attainment. If role conflict is experienced by either the
nurse or the patient (or both), stress
in the nurse-patient interaction will occur and there my be no
transaction. If a nurse with special
knowledge communicates appropriate information to the patient,

9. mutual goal-setting and goal
achievement will occur.
How King’s Theory Can Help Define a Clinical Quality
Problem
When a clinical quality question arises, the nurse is better
guided to define the problem using the
King theory. First, the use of King’s theory will help guide the
literature search to include studies
that address interventions or processes that lead to favorable
patient outcomes or goals among
patients similar to the population on the unit.(Smith and Parker,
2015)
Knowing that the quality Improvement committee is a type of
interpersonal system that is
comprised of individuals interacting to achieve common goals,
the nurse should take the
! 6
King’s Theory
unclear clinical situations to the QI committee. Together the QI
and the primary nurse will
embark on a goal attainment of defining the clinical problem
for the benefit of patients.

10. Applying King’s Theory To a Potential Clinical Practice Quality
Initiative
Every unit has a group of individuals with specialized
knowledge, they work together to achieve
a common goal. This committee uses King’s conceptual system
for quality improvement when
the opportunity presents itself. For example when a nurse is
facing a scenario where what is
taught is not what is being practiced as in the case of a nurse
graduate who witnessed the use of
saline in breaking up secretions in patient with endotracheal
intubations. The nurse graduate
brought her clinical question to the QI committee, a type of
interpersonal system. An
interpersonal system encompasses individuals in groups
interacting to achieve goals. The QI
committee is engaged in the committee’s goal attainment for the
benefit of patients. “Role
expectations and role performance of nurses and clients
influence transactions” (King, 1981, p.
147). When used in interdisciplinary teams, the transaction
process in King’s theory facilitates
mutual goal setting with nurses, and ultimately patients, based
on each member of the team’s

11. specific knowledge and functions. Multidisciplinary care
conferences, an example of a situation
where goal-setting among professionals occurs, is a label for an
indirect nursing intervention
within the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC; Bulechek,
Butcher, & Dochterman, 2008).
Some of the activities listed under this NIC reflect King’s
(1981) concepts: “establish mutually
agreeable goals; solicit input for patient care planning; revise
patient care plan, as necessary;
! 7
King’s Theory
discuss progress toward goals; and provide data to facilitate
evaluation of patient care plan” (Sith
and Parker, 2015)
How a Quality Committee Can Align Outcomes with Kings
Conceptual System Theory
As illustrated in the obstetric situation, the goals of the patient
became the goals of the nurse. The
goals were mutually greed upon. According to King, for goals
attainment, the QI committee have
to mutually agree because goals are similar to outcomes and
goals lead to outcomes.

12. Effectiveness of care will be measured by whether the patient
goals (i.e., outcomes) have been
attained. The QI Committee engages in goal attainment through
communication by setting goals,
finding means, and agreeing on means to achieve goals. In a QI
scenario , members will gather
information, examine data and evidence, interpret the
information, and participate in developing
a protocol for patients to achieve quality patient outcomes, that
is, goals.
Additional Nursing Theory from That Align With an Improved
Quality of Practice
Initiative
The most closely associated theory in quality improvement
initiative is the Orlando Nursing
theory, Henderson theory and Johnson theory because they all
are incorporated with the concept
of goal setting wit the patient and attainment of that goal.
! 8
King’s Theory
Conclusion

13. In conclusion, an essential component in the analysis of
conceptual frameworks and theories is
the consideration of their adequacy (Ellis, 1968). Adequacy
depends on the three interrelated
characteristics of scope, usefulness, and complexity. Conceptual
frameworks are broad in scope
and are sufficiently complex to be useful for many situations,
which makes them more versatile
than theories. Theories on the other hand, are narrower in scope,
usually addressing less abstract
concepts, and are more specific in terms of the nature and
direction of relationship and focus
(Smith and Parker, 2015)
! 9
King’s Theory
References
Williams, L.A. (2001). Imogene King’s Interacting Systems
Theory: Application in Emergency
and Rural Nursing.Retrieved from
Nursing Theory. (n.d). Kings Theory of Goals Attainment.
Retrieved from https://nursing-
theory.org/theories-and-models/king-theory-of-goal-

14. attainment.php
Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing Theories and
Nursing Practice (4th ed.).
Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/king-theory-of-
goal-attainment.php
https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/king-theory-of-
goal-attainment.php
https://aspenuniversity-store.vitalsource.com/products/nursing-
theories-and-nursing-practice-marlaine-c-smith-
v9780803674844